Self-cannibalism: The man who eats himself

Self-mutilation is a general term for a variety of forms of intentional self-harm without the wish to die. Although there have been many reports of self-mutilation injuries in the literature, none have reported self-cannibalism after self-mutilation. In this article we present a patient with selfcannibalism following self-mutilation. A 34-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency department from the prison with a laceration on the right leg. Physical examination revealed a well-demarcated rectangular soft tissue defect on his right thigh. The prison authorities stated that the prisoner had cut his thigh with a knife and had eaten the flesh

The Confidence Database

Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use format that can be easily imported and analysed using multiple software packages. Each dataset is accompanied by an explanation regarding the nature of the collected data. At the time of publication, the Confidence Database (which is available at https://osf.io/s46pr/) contained 145 datasets with data from more than 8,700 participants and almost 4 million trials. The database will remain open for new submissions indefinitely and is expected to continue to grow. Here we show the usefulness of this large collection of datasets in four different analyses that provide precise estimations of several foundational confidence-related effects

A Rescorla-Wagner Drift-Diffusion Model of Conditioning and Timing

Computational models of classical conditioning have made significant contributions to the theoretic understanding of associative learning, yet they still struggle when the temporal aspects of conditioning are taken into account. Interval timing models have contributed a rich variety of time representations and provided accurate predictions for the timing of responses, but they usually have little to say about associative learning. In this article we present a unified model of conditioning and timing that is based on the influential Rescorla-Wagner conditioning model and the more recently developed Timing Drift-Diffusion model. We test the model by simulating 10 experimental phenomena and show that it can provide an adequate account for 8, and a partial account for the other 2. We argue that the model can account for more phenomena in the chosen set than these other similar in scope models: CSC-TD, MS-TD, Learning to Time and Modular Theory. A comparison and analysis of the mechanisms in these models is provided, with a focus on the types of time representation and associative learning rule used

Synthesis and structure elucidation of bromination products from dibromohomobenzonorbornadienes: high temperature bromination - Part 17

The electrophilic addition of bromine to dibromohomobenzonorbornadiene derivatives at -45 +/- 5degreesC led to the formation of the rearranged and non-rearranged tetrabromides in a ratio of 6:4. However, high-temperature bromination of the same system in CCl4 at 77degreesC produced only non-rearranged products. The formation mechanism of the isomers and the role of the substituent on the rearrangement is discussed. The structure elucidation of the isomeric tetrabromides was achieved from NMR spectral data. The agreement between the calculated dihedral angles and the measured coupling constants is especially excellent. The),gauche effect is discussed. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd

An investigation of the formation mechanism of allene or alkyne in the 6,7-benzobicyclo[3,2.1]octane system by deuterium labeling experiments

In order to reveal the real intermediate in the base-promoted reaction of 1, 3-bromo-4,4-dideuterio-6,7-benaobicyclo[3.2.1]octa-2,6-diene 10 was synthesized and its HBr elimination reaction studied. Reaction of 10 with potassium tert-butoxide yielded butoxyl ether 18 in which proton-deuterium exchange has occured

A new synthesis of bromobenzotropones: Oxidation of 8-bromo-5H-benzo[a]cycloheptene

The oxidation of 8-bromo-5H-belizo[a]cycloheptene with some oxidation reagents was studied. 2,3-and 4,5-benzotropone derivatives were obtained. The structures of the bromobenzotropones were determined by H-1- and C-13-NMR data