3 research outputs found
National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (vol 13, 517, 2022) : National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (517), 10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9)
Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022.In this article the author name ‘Agustin Ibanez’ was incorrectly written as ‘Augustin Ibanez’. The original article has been corrected.Peer reviewe
CAPITALISM FROM BELOW: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF SMALL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HUNGARY, POLAND, AND ROMANIA
The contours of markets and entrepreneurship are shaped by historical and
politico-institutional factors. In the case of Central and Eastern Europe,
the development of new entrepreneurial classes is a function of communist
legacies and post-1989 political processes. Employing survey data from
2000, this article examines how political and institutional conditions
influence patterns of recruitment into self-employment and income returns to
small entrepreneurship in Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The results of
this analysis show that human capital (captured by education) has positive
significant effects on becoming a self-employed individual with employees in
Hungary and Romania. As compared to other individuals, former socialist
“petit bourgeois” (i.e., individuals who were business owners in 1988) are
more likely to be small business operators in post-communism. Individuals
who held managerial authority positions before 1989 have higher chances to
become small business operators in Romania but not in Hungary or Poland.
Unemployment seems to function as a push-factor for becoming a small
business operator in Hungary and Poland but not in Romania. In Romania,
most small entrepreneurs earn significantly more than employees in the state
or private sector. Gender, age, and education have significant positive effects
on income returns in all of the three countries under scrutiny