Frankophonie im Wandel : Alphabetisierung für frankophone Kanadier oder Migranten aus französischsprachigen Ländern?

Kanada ist ein offiziell zweisprachiges Land, in dem der Dualismus von Englisch und Französisch Geschichte hat. Die Frankophonie in Kanada ist in den letzten 20 Jahren in Bewegung geraten: Wirtschaftswandel und Migration aus französischsprachigen Ländern haben ihre soziale Struktur deutlich verändert. Damit einher geht auch ein Wandel in der Politik: Die Basis-Alphabetisierung für frankophone Erwachsene hat Priorität, um damit die Voraussetzung für bessere ökonomische Chancen zu schaffen. Dagegen rücken kulturelle Interessen, wie sie noch in den 1980er Jahren eine wesentliche Rolle für die "Selbstidentifikation" der Frankophonen spielten, in den Hintergrund

Animating objects. Towards a pedagogy of multimodal creation

The text presents an innovative pedagogical approach combining the exploration of material objects and the use of digital technologies. Inspired by studies in multiliteracies and new materialism, the text explores a project of animation film making around personally meaningful objects which was conducted with Master students during a Summer School at the University of Luxembourg. Results of this study suggest that exploring material culture and animating it through digital tools can help students to penetrate complex theoretical concepts, such as “the contact zone”, and stimulate language learning, critical thinking and self-expression

« Les objets qui font parler » : vers une pédagogie de la création multimodale et multilingue

Ce texte présente une approche pédagogique innovatrice qui vise à jumeler l’exploration d’objets matériels et l’emploi de technologies digitales. Inspiré par les travaux sur les multilittéracies et le nouveau matérialisme, le texte explore un projet de création de films d’animation autour d’objets personnels qui a été mené avec des étudiants de master lors d’une école d’été à l’université du Luxembourg. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que l’exploration de la culture matérielle et leur mise en scène digitale peuvent favoriser la compréhension d’idées conceptuelles complexes, telle que celle de la « zone de contact », et stimuler l’apprentissage des langues, la pensée critique et l’expression de soi.The text presents an innovative pedagogical approach combining the exploration of material objects and the use of digital technologies. Inspired by studies in multiliteracies and new materialism, the text explores a project of animation film making around personally meaningful objects which was conducted with Master students during a Summer School at the University of Luxembourg. Results of this study suggest that exploring material culture and animating it through digital tools can help students to penetrate complex theoretical concepts, such as “the contact zone”, and stimulate language learning, critical thinking and self-expression

Encounters in the Diaspora: Or what it means to be Capverdian in Luxembourg

peer reviewedThe article is based on the encounter and dialogue between a teacher and student of Capverdian origin at the University of Luxembourg. The text offers a reflection on what it means to be growing up multilingual in Luxembourg, being of Capverdian origin. Reflection touches on issues of language, culture and the notion of diaspora, exploring the riches and tensions of being socialised in such an environment

« Chaque objet raconte une histoire »Les pratiques de littératie chez des Inuit en milieu urbain

Ce texte traite du concept de « littératie de mobilité » et explore le cas des Inuit urbains à Ottawa au Canada, à titre d’exemple d’une communauté indigène trans-nationale. Le texte met en évidence des pratiques de littératie telles que conçues par la communauté Inuit au sein d’un centre communautaire (OICC, Ottawa Inuit Children Centre). L’étude met l’accent sur le rôle des objets dans des interactions au sein d’évènements de littératie et interroge le potentiel d’objets pour retracer des trajectoires de migration et relier différents mondes de vie. Cette étude se veut une contribution aux New Literacy Studies et propose une forme d’analyse innovante qui peut servir à éclairer les processus de migration et leur impact sur les pratiques locales de littératie. En misant sur le contexte de la communauté Inuit urbaine, notre étude met en lumière les pratiques d’une communauté autochtone qui partagent des concepts et repères culturels différents par rapport à beaucoup de cultures occidentales, ce qui soulève plus généralement des questions par rapport à la notion de littératie.The text explores the concept of “literacy of mobility” and looks at urban Inuit in Ottawa/Canada as a case study of a trans-national indigenous community. The text illuminates literacy practices generated by the Inuit community in the context of an Inuit community centre, the Ottawa Inuit Children Centre (OICC). The study examines in particular the role of objects in interactions which are embedded in literacy practices, and investigates their potential for retracing migrant trajectories and connecting different institutional and life worlds. This study contributes to the field of New Literacy Studies and presents a novel approach into understanding the processes of migration and locally generated literacy practices. Focusing on Urban Inuit, this study examines an indigenous community whose cultural foundation differs from many Western cultures. This poses questions for what counts as literacy.Der Text betrachtet das Konzept der “Litteratie der Mobilität“, welches am konkreten Beispiel der städtischen Inuit in Ottawa, einer indigenen Minderheit in Kanada mit Migrationshintergrund untersucht wird. Er befasst sich mit jenen literalen Praktiken, die von den Inuit selbst entwickelt und im Rahmen eines kommunitären Zentrums, des Ottawa Inuit Children Centre, umgesetzt werden. Die Studie ergründet im Besonderen die Rolle von Objekten und deren Potential, Migrationsbiographien nachzuzeichnen bzw. unterschiedliche Territorien und Lebenswelten miteinander zu verknüpfen. Dieser Ansatz stellt einen neuen Zugang im Rahmen der New Literacy Studies dar, der Einsichten gewährt in Migrationsprozesse und lokal gestiftete literale Praktiken. Die Studie nimmt eine Gruppe in den Blick, deren kulturelle Konzeption der Welt erheblich von westlichen Vorstellungen differiert. Dies stellt die Frage neu, was als Literalität gilt und wie dieser Terminus vor dem Hintergrund nicht-westlicher Kulturen gedeutet werden muss

“Crossing borders, connecting cultures”: an introduction to the special issue

This special issue of Comparative Migration Studies on the occasion of the IMISCOE 2021 Conference with the theme “Crossing borders, connecting cultures” features five invited contributions by several conference speakers as well as an article by the host university

A dense network of cosmic-ray neutron sensors for soil moisture observation in a highly instrumented pre-Alpine headwater catchment in Germany

Monitoring soil moisture is still a challenge: it varies strongly in space and time and at various scales while conventional sensors typically suffer from small spatial support. With a sensor footprint up to several hectares, cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a modern technology to address that challenge. So far, the CRNS method has typically been applied with single sensors or in sparse national-scale networks. This study presents, for the first time, a dense network of 24 CRNS stations that covered, from May to July 2019, an area of just 1 km2: the pre-Alpine Rott headwater catchment in Southern Germany, which is characterized by strong soil moisture gradients in a heterogeneous landscape with forests and grasslands. With substantially overlapping sensor footprints, this network was designed to study root-zone soil moisture dynamics at the catchment scale. The observations of the dense CRNS network were complemented by extensive measurements that allow users to study soil moisture variability at various spatial scales: roving (mobile) CRNS units, remotely sensed thermal images from unmanned areal systems (UASs), permanent and temporary wireless sensor networks, profile probes, and comprehensive manual soil sampling. Since neutron counts are also affected by hydrogen pools other than soil moisture, vegetation biomass was monitored in forest and grassland patches, as well as meteorological variables; discharge and groundwater tables were recorded to support hydrological modeling experiments. As a result, we provide a unique and comprehensive data set to several research communities: to those who investigate the retrieval of soil moisture from cosmic-ray neutron sensing, to those who study the variability of soil moisture at different spatiotemporal scales, and to those who intend to better understand the role of root-zone soil moisture dynamics in the context of catchment and groundwater hydrology, as well as land–atmosphere exchange processes. The data set is available through the EUDAT Collaborative Data Infrastructure and is split into two subsets: https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.282675586fb94f44ab2fd09da0856883 (Fersch et al., 2020a) and https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.bd89f066c26a4507ad654e994153358b (Fersch et al., 2020b)

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer:chemotherapy

<b>Background:</b> Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers are frequently described as part of a group of oral cancers or head and neck cancer. Treatment of oral cavity cancer is generally surgery followed by radiotherapy, whereas oropharyngeal cancers, which are more likely to be advanced at the time of diagnosis, are managed with radiotherapy or chemoradiation. Surgery for oral cancers can be disfiguring and both surgery and radiotherapy have significant functional side effects, notably impaired ability to eat, drink and talk. The development of new chemotherapy agents, new combinations of agents and changes in the relative timing of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy treatments may potentially bring about increases in both survival and quality of life for this group of patients.<p></p> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine whether chemotherapy, in addition to radiotherapy and/or surgery for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer results in improved survival, disease free survival, progression free survival, locoregional control and reduced recurrence of disease. To determine which regimen and time of administration (induction, concomitant or adjuvant) is associated with better outcomes.<p></p> <b>Search strategy:</b> Electronic searches of the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED were undertaken on 28th July 2010. Reference lists of recent reviews and included studies were also searched to identify further trials.<p></p> <b>Selection criteria:</b> Randomised controlled trials where more than 50% of participants had primary tumours in the oral cavity or oropharynx, and which compared the addition of chemotherapy to other treatments such as radiotherapy and/or surgery, or compared two or more chemotherapy regimens or modes of administration, were included.<p></p> <b>Data collection and analysis:</b> Trials which met the inclusion criteria were assessed for risk of bias using six domains: sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, completeness of outcome data, selective reporting and other possible sources of bias. Data were extracted using a specially designed form and entered into the characteristics of included studies table and the analysis sections of the review. The proportion of participants in each trial with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers are recorded in Additional Table 1.<p></p> <b>Main results:</b> There was no statistically significant improvement in overall survival associated with induction chemotherapy compared to locoregional treatment alone in 25 trials (hazard ratio (HR) of mortality 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84 to 1.00). Post-surgery adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved overall survival compared to surgery +/- radiotherapy alone in 10 trials (HR of mortality 0.88, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.99), and there was an additional benefit of adjuvant concomitant chemoradiotherapy compared to radiotherapy in 4 of these trials (HR of mortality 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.98). Concomitant chemoradiotherapy resulted in improved survival compared to radiotherapy alone in patients whose tumours were considered unresectable in 25 trials (HR of mortality 0.79, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.84). However, the additional toxicity attributable to chemotherapy in the combined regimens remains unquantified.<p></p> <b>Authors' conclusions:</b> Chemotherapy, in addition to radiotherapy and surgery, is associated with improved overall survival in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Induction chemotherapy is associated with a 9% increase in survival and adjuvant concomitant chemoradiotherapy is associated with a 16% increase in overall survival following surgery. In patients with unresectable tumours, concomitant chemoradiotherapy showed a 22% benefit in overall survival compared with radiotherapy alone.<p></p&gt