Influence of Anaesthesia on Mobilisation Following Hip Fracture Surgery : An Observational Study: 麻醉技術對髖部骨折病人術後活動能力的影響：一項觀察性研究

Background Anaesthetic technique can influence mortality and morbidity following hip fracture surgery. However, its influence on postoperative mobilisation is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the influence of anaesthetic technique on postoperative mobilisation. Methods In this prospective observational study, we included all consecutive patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2013 at our institution. Any patients who died prior to mobilisation or who could not be followed up after surgery were excluded. Data was collected on demographics, clinical characteristics, anaesthesia technique and surgical factors, and date and time of admission, operation, first mobilisation and discharge. Results Of the 1040 patients included in the analysis, 264 received general anaesthesia only (Group GA), 322 received general anaesthesia with regional anaesthesia (Group GARA), and 454 received central neuraxial blockade anaesthesia with or without sedation (Group CNB). There was no significant difference in age (p = 0.56), sex (p = 0.23), number of comorbidities (p = 0.06), residential status (p = 0.18), time to surgery (p = 0.10) and length of hospital stay (p = 0.30) between the three groups. There was a statistically significant difference in ASA grade (p = 0.01), implant type used (p = 0.04), grade of operating surgeon (p = 0.02) and grade of anaesthetist during surgery (p = 0.004) among the three groups. Patients in Group GARA had a median time-to-first mobilisation of 23.8 hours after surgery, compared to 24.1 hours in Group GA and 24.3 hours in Group CNB. This difference was not statistically significant after controlling for confounding factors (p = 0.45). Conclusion Our results show that anaesthetic technique does not influence time-to-first mobilisation after hip fracture surgery

The effectiveness of laser therapy on the management of chronic low back pain

yesBackground/Aim: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a global musculoskeletal challenge, resulting in pain and disability on individuals. Laser therapy can be used to treat CLBP. This review evaluates the effectiveness of laser therapy including high level laser therapy (HLLT) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) on CLBP in relation to pain or functional disability. Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED and PEDro from their start to June 2015. All studies that met predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were appraised with The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tools in June, 2015. Findings: Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria: two RCTs reported significant improvement in pain and functional disability with the use of HLLT but with small sample size (n=103); one RCTs (n=61) reported significant improvement and three RCTs (n=215) reported insignificant improvement in pain and functional disability with the use of LLLT. Conclusion: On the strength of the evidence available HLLT and LLLT are not currently recommended to be replaced or be offered in addition to conventional treatment. Further rigorous research is required to confirm the potential use of laser therapy on individuals presenting with CLBP

Changing clinical team practices in preparation of patients for Total Knee Replacement: Using Social Cognitive Theory to examine outcomes of an action research study

Aims and objectives: To examine, through the lens of Social Cognitive Theory, the process of change when developing a preparation programme for patients awaiting Total Knee Replacement Surgery. Background: Social Cognitive Theory has been used extensively in occupational psychology to explain and change human actions. It has not been widely used to examine the actions of clinical teams when developing practice. Design: Action research. Methods: Four action cycles were undertaken to develop an information booklet and multidisciplinary Knee Clinic at an acute hospital for patients waiting for Total Knee Replacement Surgery. The process of change, led by a staff and service user Project Management Group, was examined through fieldnotes, interviews, observation and a reflective diary. The data were analysed using the theoretical framework of Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory. Results: The change process was influenced by personal, environmental and behavioural factors. Self-efficacy and outcomes expectations of staff and service users varied and impacted the level of their involvement in the study. Environmental factors influenced the scope of the project. The behaviour of the Project Management Group facilitated change through the development of team working and involvement in the action cycles. The results of this initiative achieved clinical changes which had not occurred during previous attempts at service development. Conclusion: Social Cognitive Theory is an appropriate and useful theoretical framework both for retrospective analysis and to inform planning of practice changes within the clinical setting

Geriatric hip fracture clinical pathway: the Hong Kong experience

Geriatric hip fracture is one of the commonest fractures in orthopaedic trauma. There is a trend of further increase in its incidence in the coming decades. Besides the development of techniques and implants to overcome the difficulties in fixation of osteoporosis bone, the general management of the hip fracture is also very challenging in terms of the preparation of the generally poorer pre-morbid state and complicate social problems associated with this group of patients. In order to cope with the increasing demand, our hospital started a geriatric hip fracture clinical pathway in 2007. The aim of this pathway is to provide better care for this group of patients through multidisciplinary approach. From year 2007 to 2009, we had managed 964 hip fracture patients. After the implementation of the pathway, the pre-operative and the total length of stay in acute hospital were shortened by over 5 days. Other clinical outcomes including surgical site infection, 30 days mortality and also incidence of pressure sore improved when compared to the data before the pathway. The rate of surgical site infection was 0.98%, and the 30 days mortality was 1.67% in 2009. The active participation of physiotherapists, occupational therapists as well as medical social workers also helped to formulate the discharge plan as early as the patient is admitted. In conclusion, a well-planned and executed clinical pathway for hip fracture can improve the clinical outcomes of the geriatric hip fractures

К вопросу формирования маркетинговой компетентности студента вуза

Interview topic guide. This document is the topic guide used by the researcher to structure all participant interviews. (DOCX 15 kb

Consequences of an Intervention to Reduce Restrictive Side Rail Use in Nursing Homes

To examine the effect of an advanced practice nurse (APN) intervention on restrictive side rail usage in four nursing homes and with a sample of 251 residents. A secondary question explored the association between restrictive side rail reduction and bed-related falls. DESIGN : Pre- and posttest design. SETTING : Four urban nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS : All nursing home residents present in the nursing home at three time points (n=710, 719, and 707) and a subset of residents (n=251) with restrictive side rail use at baseline. INTERVENTION : APN consultation with individual residents and facility-wide education and consultation. MEASUREMENTS : Direct observation of side rail status, resident and nurse interview for functional status, mobility, cognition, behavioral symptoms, medical record review for demographics and treatment information, and incident reports for fall data. RESULTS : At the institutional level, one of the four nursing homes significantly reduced restrictive side rail use ( P =.01). At the individual participant level, 51.4% (n=130) reduced restrictive side rail use. For the group that reduced restrictive side rails, there was a significantly ( P <.001) reduced fall rate (−0.053; 95% confidence interval (CI)=−0.083 to −0.024), whereas the group that continued restrictive side rail did not demonstrate a significantly ( P =.17) reduced fall rate (−0.013; 95% CI=−0.056–0.030). CONCLUSION : An APN consultation model can safely reduce side rail use. Restrictive side rail reduction does not lead to an increase in bed-related falls. Although side rails serve many purposes, routine use of these devices to restrict voluntary movement and prevent falls is not supported.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65685/1/j.1532-5415.2007.01082.x.pd

Falls in people prior to undergoing total hip or total knee replacement surgery: Frequency and associated factors

© 2016. Background: Total hip/total knee replacement (THR/TKR) surgery is becoming an increasingly common approach for the management of primarily lower limb osteoarthritis. A number of factors such as reducing mobility, structural joint changes, and pain may predispose those awaiting hip and knee surgery to falls, which may impact on pre- and postsurgery functions. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of falls in the year preceding THR/TKR surgery, and factors associated with falls. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of patients scheduled for THR/TKR, including measures of joint disease severity, falls, falls efficacy, quality of life, pain, and depression. Comparisons across falls status (nonfaller, single faller, or multiple faller) and high/low disease severity for both THR and TKR groups were undertaken. Results: A total of 282 people (mean age 67.3 years) completed surveys before the surgery (197 TKR). As much as 41% reported one or more falls in the preceding year, and participants reported that the affected joint contributed to the fall in 35% of the cases. TKR multiple fallers (= 2 falls) had significantly lower falls efficacy, worse function, greater pain catastrophizing and depression, and poorer 36-Item Short Form Survey Mental Component Scores than nonmultiple fallers. For both THR and TKR groups, several measures were significantly worse for those with greater disease severity, including falls efficacy, depression, pain catastrophizing, self-rated health, and physical activity. Conclusion: Falls are common in the 12 months preceding total hip or knee surgery. A number of factors are associated with risk of multiple falls and with joint disease severity. Strategies to reduce falls risk should be a priority in the year preceding lower limb joint surgery to optimize presurgery and postsurgery outcomes

Avoiding, diagnosing and treating well leg compartment syndrome after pelvic surgery

Background Patients undergoing prolonged pelvic surgery may develop compartment syndrome of one or both lower limbs in the absence of direct trauma or pre‐existing vascular disease (well leg compartment syndrome). This condition may have devastating consequences for postoperative recovery, including loss of life or limb, and irreversible disability. Methods These guidelines represent the collaboration of a multidisciplinary group of colorectal, vascular and orthopaedic surgeons, acting on behalf of their specialty associations in the UK and Ireland. A systematic analysis of the available peer‐reviewed literature was undertaken to provide an evidence base from which these guidelines were developed. Results These guidelines encompass the risk factors (both patient‐ and procedure‐related), diagnosis and management of the condition. Key recommendations for the adoption of perioperative strategies to facilitate prevention and effective treatment of well leg compartment syndrome are presented. Conclusion All surgeons who carry out abdominopelvic surgical procedures should be aware of well leg compartment syndrome, and instigate policies within their own institution to reduce the risk of this potentially life‐changing complication