Using Applied Behavior to Complement Error Management in Crew Resource Management Education

This paper examines the science of applied behavior analysis and its potential integration into current research and practice of threat and error management for internal crew behaviors. Discussions provide insight into how an Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) analysis of behavior can reveal to educators, the antecedents and consequences for at-risk crew behavior. This paper will redefine crew at-risk behaviors as anti-error behaviors that prevent internal error occurrence. This new perspective will complement and enhance the total threat-error process model. Finally the challenges and implications of using crew reinforcement to maintain anti-error behavior using modified line-oriented flight training (LOFT) will be discussed

Educator Perceptions of Teacher Leadership And Its Impact on School Culture

Teacher leadership has been viewed as a way for educators to address their unmet professional needs (Bond, 2021). Teacher leaders ultimately have the means to create a positive school culture overall (Kiral, 2020). This mixed-methods study included a substantial look at the perceptions of educators, from one school district in Southwest Missouri, in regard to teacher leadership and its effect on school culture. The study was also designed to analyze factors that contributed to developing teacher leaders and to positively benefit the school’s atmosphere. Focus group interviews were conducted to gain insight regarding the perceptions of instructional coaches and administrators on how teacher leadership is fostered and supported. A survey was conducted to certified teachers to better understand their perceptions of teacher leadership and relevant factors that contribute to a positive school culture. Most participants within the study agreed that teacher leadership does correlate with a positive school culture. The results from this study also provided information in regard to ways that teacher leadership can be created and strengthened. The results of this study can generate wisdom and advice for educators when striving to create a positive school culture through teacher leadership

Using Graphic Feedback to Eliminate Checklist Segment Timing Errors

This study examined whether pilots initiated paper or digital checklist use from environmental prompts accurately when they receive post-flight graphic and limited verbal feedback. Participants were 6 college students who are pilots with instrument rating. The task consisted of flying a designated flight pattern using a Frasca 241 Cirrus Flight Training Device. The dependent variable was the percentage of paper and digital checklist segments initiated at the proper time. A single-subject, alternating treatment, multiple baseline design with withdrawal and delayed probes was employed in this study. During baseline, participants were given only post-flight technical skills feedback. During intervention, participants were given both technical skills feedback and post-flight graphic feedback on both paper and digital checklist use and praise for improvements. A probe was used between 60-90 days to assess any decrement in participant\u27s performance. The intervention produced highly improved paper and digital checklist timing performance, which improved to nearly perfect following the withdrawal of treatment and increased to perfect performance through the probe sessions

The Digital to Analog Risk: Should We Teach New Dogs Old Tricks?

Imagine being competent and certified to fly under both visual and instrument rules in a single engine aircraft. Then imagine flying cross country, entering actual instrument conditions and having the stark realization that most of the instrumentation on the panel doesn\u27t make sense to you. You have difficulty integrating the instruments and find yourself fixating on a select few. Less than one minute later you lose your sense of up and down and moments later you hear the stall horn, feel the centrifugal forces and only see the white, whirling shades of deep cloud immersion. Suddenly you jerk awake to realize you are safe in your bed and this is nothing more than a pilot\u27s bad dream; or could it be

Digital Training to Analog Flying: Assessing the Risks of a Stark Transition

There are many advantages to train new pilots using the latest technically advanced aircraft (TAA ). Most believe that the advanced avionic displays, autopilots, and moving maps, which emulate larger commercial aircraft flight decks, are required to give new student pilots a training advantage. Workload,\u27 situational awareness, and systems management and integration will all be enhanced by using T AA. Aircraft were once only equipped with analog instrumentation. Today\u27s general aviation flight schools may have a variety of new generation, digital instrumentation and pilots take their first lesson in digitally equipped aircraft. Once a pilot earns a flight certificate, regardless of whether or not the training aircraft used digital or analog instrumentation, there is no regulation requiring any type of transition training between the different types of instrumentation. Lack of instrumentation display formalization and layout may lead to impaired skills and decreased situational awareness. A related situation maybe expressed using digital and analog clocks for an example. What if an individual learns to read time only based on digital clocks and having never seen another style clock. This individual is then asked to read the time from an analog clock. It is highly likely that the individual\u27s response rate will be reduced and may even be in error from lack of familiarization and practice with the analog time piece. In the early 21st century analog aircraft far outnumber their TAA counterparts in general aviation and are still a significant proportion of the scheduled air transportation fleet a recently qualified commercial pilot could expect to fly. Given the large disproportionate number of analog aircraft, what transitional trap awaits those who lack transitional training

Transitioning from Digital to Analog Instrumentation

Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA) have seen an increase in manufacturing within the last decade. The growing use of these aircraft will present unique challenges to the aviation infrastructure; as well as flight training. With the large number of analog aircraft remaining in the general aviation fleet, transitions between digital and analog will become more numerous and perhaps more precarious. A recent survey of flight instructors at one college highlighted situational awareness problems for 95% of TAA trained students when exposed to analog equipped instrument panels. Perhaps two options are available to study this problem on the ground: flight simulators or a Personal Computer - Aviation Training Device (PC-ATD). The initial challenge to any study of this issue was to select the option that would minimize, or would allow for control of, extraneous factors, so that the causal factors influencing any decrement in performance and/or situational awareness could be isolated. A comparison of the two options available showed that the PC-ATD was the better option for the study of this issue and a pilot study was carried out using the PC-ATD. The results of the pilot study suggested that the transitioning from digital to analog equipped aircraft produced degradation in performance and that further research was required

Insuring Quality Long-Term Nursing Care

Includes bibliographical references.The oldest members of the Baby Boom generation born between 1946 and 1964 will turn sixty-five in 2011. As the size of our senior population increases over the next few decades, so will their health care needs. In the early decades of this century, the proportion of elderly citizens in our total population is expected to steadily rise from the present level of approximately 12 percent to an estimated peak of 20 percent in 2030. The needs are great. Researchers, health care professionals, and interested citizens must find ways to care for the growing senior population in ways that meet the elders' needs and insure the quality of the nursing care received

Improving the Quality of Elder Care: The Continuing Care Retirement Community

Includes bibliographical references.By 2020, the segment of the population 65 and older will have increased by 42% to reach over one million persons and those 85 and older will number roughly 129,000. These trends indicate an increase in the demands for social services, such as housing and formal health care, including long-term nursing care. One option that provides for the needs of the elderly is the Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC)

Establishing a Total Safety Culture within a Flight Department

This article will present behavior-based principles and procedures that can be successfully applied to change safety attitudes in a Flight Department. First, limitations and flaws of the human condition are discussed, and three basic ways employees can learn safe behavior are addressed. Next, Crew Resource Management is proposed as a tool to increase overall safety in Business Aviation. Safety is then reviewed in the context of the overall goals of the corporation and the cost of doing business. Senior Corporate management is identified as holding the key to the successful and safe operation of the corporate Flight Department. Finally, critical issues surrounding Corporate Culture and the ultimate goal of a Total Safety Culture are discussed. Recommendations are then made to increase the overall safety level of the Business Aviation environment