76 research outputs found

    Investigation of the biological role of the polycystic kidney disease protein bicaudal C (Bicc1) using comparative animal models

    Get PDF
    The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file.Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 25, 2011).Thesis advisor: Dr. Elizabeth Bryda.Vita.Ph. D. University of Missouri--Columbia 2009.Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common inherited disorder affecting 600,000 Americans and more than 12 million people worldwide. Clinical manifestations include renal enlargement, abnormal tubular development and accumulative cyst formation. PKD is the leading cause of end stage renal disease in adults and children. Currently, there is no cure for PKD and treatment is limited to dialysis and transplantation. The molecular mechanisms involved in cystogenesis remain unclear. Bicaudal C (Bicc1) is the disease-causing gene in the juvenile congenital polycystic kidney (jcpk) mouse model for PKD. The function of Bicc1 is unknown; however the Bicc1 protein contains two conserved functional domains, three K-homology (KH) domains which are known to bind RNA and a sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain which are predicted to participate in protein-protein interactions. We hypothesize that Bicc1 plays an integral role in normal kidney development. In this study, we investigated in vitro RNA and protein interactions of the Bicc1 protein and generated an alternative, comparative zebrafish model to further study the function of Bicc1 in vivo.Includes bibliographical reference

    ModĂšle bayĂ©sien pour les prĂȘts investisseurs

    Full text link
    Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

    Comment la répartition des rÎles et tùches influence l'efficacité du support et des opérations informatiques

    Get PDF
    Cette recherche porte sur les facteurs d'influence de l'efficacitĂ© des opĂ©rations et du support TI. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment nous cherchons Ă  connaĂźtre l'impact de la rĂ©partition des rĂŽles et des tĂąches sur l'efficacitĂ©. En identifiant ces facteurs, il serait possible d'aider de futures recherches ou projets afin de modĂ©liser une situation organisationnelle optimale. Plusieurs rĂ©fĂ©rentiels connus ont tentĂ© de gĂ©nĂ©raliser les meilleures pratiques dans ce domaine, mais ce sujet reste largement sous-exploitĂ© par le milieu acadĂ©mique. Nous avons donc tentĂ© de percer le mystĂšre des facteurs d'influence et de comprendre si la rĂ©partition de rĂŽles et des tĂąches a un impact important sur l'efficacitĂ©. En second lieu, plusieurs autres variables ont Ă©tĂ© ajoutĂ©es Ă  l'analyse telles que la maturitĂ©, la performance, les outils, les compĂ©tences et la situation professionnelle. C'est Ă  l'aide des rĂ©fĂ©rentiels existants (ITIL, COBIT, MOF, etc.) que la revue de littĂ©rature a permis d'Ă©tablir les variables entourant la question principale de cette recherche. Les facteurs d'influence retenus pour cette recherche ont alors Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s afin de construire un questionnaire permettant de faire la lumiĂšre sur les interrelations existantes dans le secteur professionnel montrĂ©alais. Une fois les donnĂ©es collectĂ©es, plusieurs mĂ©thodes d'analyse statistique ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es afin de trouver toutes relations existantes parmi ces variables. Les rĂ©sultats sont quand mĂȘme intĂ©ressants, mĂȘme s'ils dĂ©montrent que la rĂ©partition des rĂŽles et des tĂąches semble avoir une faible influence sur l'efficacitĂ©. On explique en partie cette situation Ă  l'aide des variables concernant l'expertise requise afin d'exĂ©cuter les tĂąches spĂ©cifiques aux opĂ©rations et support TI. Le rĂ©sultat final semble sensiblement le mĂȘme, peu importe qui est responsable de ces tĂąches. Ce mĂȘme constat s'applique autant aux tĂąches bien maĂźtrisĂ©es que celles moins connues par les professionnels du secteur. Par contre, d'autres liens seront dĂ©couverts et discutĂ©s, tels que l'influence de l'utilisation d'outils sur la performance ainsi que celle de la maturitĂ© sur l'efficacitĂ©.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : rĂŽles, tĂąches, opĂ©rations, support, TI, efficacitĂ©, performance, maturitĂ©, outils, ITIL, COBIT, MOF

    Cardiorespiratory fitness of women with fibromyalgia evaluated using an evaluation re-evaluation protocol

    Get PDF
    Les Ă©tudes sur les capacitĂ©s cardiorespiratoires de femmes atteintes de fibromyalgie (FM) prĂ©sentent des rĂ©sultats contradictoires. De plus, aucune Ă©tude n’a Ă©valuĂ© les capacitĂ©s Ă  reproduire les mesures physiologiques cardiorespiratoires de cette population, 24 heures suivant un test d’effort maximal. Objectifs : Les objectifs de cette Ă©tude Ă©taient les suivants: 1) de dĂ©crire la capacitĂ© cardiorespiratoire de femmes atteintes de FM et 2) de dĂ©crire leurs capacitĂ©s Ă  reproduire les mesures physiologiques cardiorespiratoires 24 heures suivant une Ă©preuve d’effort cardiorespiratoire maximal. MĂ©thodes : Douze femmes FM ont Ă©tĂ© soumises Ă  deux Ă©preuves d’effort cardiorespiratoire maximal (T1 et T2) sur tapis roulant (protocole BSU/Bruce ramp) Ă  24 heures d’intervalle, jusqu’à Ă©puisement. La collecte des Ă©changes gazeux et ECG ont Ă©tĂ© faites de façon continue tout au long des deux tests. Le lactate sanguin, la pression artĂ©rielle, l’intensitĂ© de la douleur et la perception de la difficultĂ© Ă  l’effort ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s. Le Questionnaire rĂ©visĂ© sur l’impact de la fibromyalgie (QRIF), l’Échelle de kinĂ©siophobie de Tampa, version canadienne-française (EKT-CF), et le questionnaire international sur le niveau d’activitĂ© physique, version canadienne-française (IPAQ) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s afin de mieux dĂ©crire les caractĂ©ristiques des participantes. Des procĂ©dures statistiques non paramĂ©triques ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour les besoins d’analyses statistiques. RĂ©sultats : En comparant les rĂ©sultats du volume d'oxygĂšne crĂȘte (VO2crĂȘte) obtenus au T1 aux valeurs normatives, 75% des participantes se situaient sous la catĂ©gorie “Passable”, dont 25% sous le seuil de la catĂ©gorie “TrĂšs pauvre”. Toutefois, en considĂ©rant le niveau de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de la FM et comparant les participantes lĂ©gĂšrement et modĂ©rĂ©ment affectĂ©es au T1 et T2, les rĂ©sultats ont dĂ©montrĂ© une diffĂ©rence significative de la VO2crĂȘte au T2 (30,4 ± 3,3 vs 22,9 ± 4,7 ml O2·min−1·kg−1) et de la VO2 au seuil anaĂ©robie ventilatoire (VO2SAV) au T1 (24,0 ± 4,0 vs 18,5 ± 4,4 ml O2·min−1·kg−1) et T2 (24,9 ± 3,2 vs 18,7 ± 4,5 ml O2·min−1·kg−1). Finalement, aucune diffĂ©rence significative au niveau de la VO2crĂȘte (25,5 ± 5,3 vs. 26,5 ± 5,3 ml O2·min−1·kg−1, p > 0,05) et de la VO2SAV (21,2 ± 4,8 vs. 21,7 ± 4,8 ml O2·min−1·kg−1, p > 0,05) n’a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre T1 et T2. Conclusion : Soixante-quinze pour cent des participantes avaient une capacitĂ© cardiorespiratoire infĂ©rieure Ă  celle de la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. De plus, les capacitĂ©s cardiorespiratoires des participantes semblent ĂȘtre affectĂ©es par le niveau de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de la FM. Finalement, les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude ne dĂ©montrant pas de diffĂ©rence significative des capacitĂ©s cardiorespiratoires entre T1 et T2, suggĂšrent qu’il n’y a pas de difficultĂ© Ă  reproduire les mesures physiologiques 24 heures suivant le premier test d’épreuve maximale.Abstract: Studies on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among women with fibromyalgia (FM) has been documented with some contradictory results. Furthermore, no research has looked at the capacity to reproduce the cardiorespiratory physiology measurements 24 hours following a maximal CRF test, in FM patients. Objectives: The objective of this study was twofold: 1) to describe the cardiorespiratory fitness of women with fibromyalgia (FM); and 2) to describe the reproducibility of cardiorespiratory physiological parameters 24 hours following a maximal exercise test. Method: Twelve FM women underwent two maximal exercise tests (T1 and T2) on a treadmill (BSU/Bruce ramp protocol) 24 hours apart, until volitional exhaustion. Gas exchange and ECG were continuously monitored during both tests. Blood lactate, blood pressure, pain intensity and rate of perceived exertion, were also assessed. The Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-CF) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to further characterize the participants. Non-parametric statistical procedures were used for statistical analysis. Results: When comparing the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) results to normative values at T1, 75% of the participants were below the “Fair” category, of which 25% were below the “Very Poor” category. However, when taking into consideration the FM severity level and comparing mildly to moderately affected participants at T1 and T2, the results showed a significant difference in VO2peak at T2 (30.4 ± 3.3 vs 22.9 ± 4.7 ml O2·min−1·kg−1) and in VO2 at ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VO2VAT) at T1 (24.0 ± 4.0 vs 18.5 ± 4.4 ml O2·min−1·kg−1) and T2 (24.9 ± 3.2 vs 18.7 ± 4.5 ml O2·min−1·kg−1). Finally, no significant differences in VO2peak (25.5 ± 5.3 vs. 26.5 ± 5.3 ml O2·min−1·kg−1, p > 0.05) and VO2VAT (21.2 ± 4.8 vs. 21.7 ± 4.8 ml O2·min−1·kg−1, p > 0.05) were found between T1 & T2. Conclusion: Seventy-five percent of the participants had a cardiorespiratory fitness level lower than the general population. Furthermore, the cardiorespiratory capacities of the participants seemed to be affected by their FM severity level. Finally, the results of this study showed no significant difference in cardiorespiratory fitness between T1 and T2, therefore indicating no cardiorespiratory difficulty to reproduce the physiological measurements 24 hours following a maximal exercise test

    CaractĂ©risation systĂ©matique des motifs de rĂ©gulation en cis Ă  l’échelle transcriptomique et liens avec la localisation des ARN

    Full text link
    La localisation subcellulaire de l’ARN permet un dĂ©ploiement prompt et spatialement restreint autant des activitĂ©s protĂ©iques que des ARN noncodant. Le trafic d’ARN est dirigĂ© par des Ă©lĂ©ments de sĂ©quences (sous-sĂ©quences primaires, structures secondaires), aussi appelĂ©s motifs de rĂ©gulation, prĂ©sents en cis Ă  mĂȘme la molĂ©cule d’ARN. Ces motifs sont reconnus par des protĂ©ines de liaisons aux ARN qui mĂ©dient l’acheminement des transcrits vers des sites prĂ©cis dans la cellule. Des Ă©tudes rĂ©centes, chez l’embryon de Drosophile, indiquent que la majoritĂ© des ARN ont une localisation subcellulaire asymĂ©trique, suggĂ©rant l’existence d’un « code de localisation » complexe. Cependant, ceci peut reprĂ©senter un exemple exceptionnel et la question demeurait, jusqu’ici, si une prĂ©valence comparable de localisation d’ARN est observable chez des cellules standards dĂ©veloppĂ©es en culture. De plus, des informations facilement disponibles Ă  propos des caractĂ©ristiques de distribution topologique d’instances de motifs Ă  travers des transcriptomes complets Ă©taient jusqu’à prĂ©sent manquantes. Afin d’avoir un aperçu de l’étendue et des propriĂ©tĂ©s impliquĂ©es dans la localisation des ARN, nous avons soumis des cellules de Drosophile (D17) et de l’humain (HepG2) Ă  un fractionnement biochimique afin d’isoler les fractions nuclĂ©aire, cytosolique, membranaire et insoluble. Nous avons ensuite sĂ©quencĂ© en profondeur l’ARN extrait et analysĂ© par spectromĂ©trie de masse les protĂ©ines extraites de ces fractions. Nous avons nommĂ© cette mĂ©thode CeFra-Seq. Par des analyses bio-informatiques, j’ai ensuite cartographiĂ© l’enrichissement de divers biotypes d’ARN (p. ex. ARN messager, ARN long non codant, ARN circulaire) et protĂ©ines au sein des fractions subcellulaires. Ceci a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la distribution d’un large Ă©ventail d’espĂšces d’ARN codants et non codants est asymĂ©trique. Une analyse des gĂšnes orthologues entre mouche et humain a aussi dĂ©montrĂ© de fortes similitudes, suggĂ©rant que le processus de localisation est Ă©volutivement conservĂ©. De plus, j’ai observĂ© des attributs (p. ex. la taille des transcrits) distincts parmi les populations d’ARN messagers spĂ©cifiques Ă  une fraction. Finalement, j’ai observĂ© des corrĂ©lations et anti-corrĂ©lations spĂ©cifiques entre certains groupes d’ARN messagers et leurs protĂ©ines. Pour permettre l’étude de la topologie de motifs et de leurs conservations, j’ai crĂ©Ă© oRNAment, une base de donnĂ©es d’instances prĂ©sumĂ©e de sites de liaison de protĂ©ines chez des ARN codants et non codants. À partir de donnĂ©es de motifs de liaison protĂ©ique par RNAcompete et par RNA Bind-n-Seq, j’ai dĂ©veloppĂ© un algorithme permettant l’identification rapide d’instances potentielles de ces motifs dans un transcriptome complet. J’ai pu ainsi cataloguer les instances de 453 motifs provenant de 223 protĂ©ines liant l’ARN pour 525 718 transcrits chez cinq espĂšces. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont Ă©tĂ© validĂ©s en les comparant Ă  des donnĂ©es publiques de eCLIP. J’ai, par la suite, utilisĂ© oRNAment pour analyser en dĂ©tail les aspects topologiques des instances prĂ©sumĂ©es de ces motifs et leurs conservations Ă©volutives relatives. Ceci a permis de dĂ©montrer que la plupart des motifs sont distribuĂ©s de façon similaire entre espĂšces. De plus, j’ai discernĂ© des points communs entre les sous-groupes de protĂ©ines liant des biotypes distincts ou des rĂ©gions d’ARN spĂ©cifiques. La prĂ©sence de tels patrons, similaires ou non, entre espĂšces est susceptible de reflĂ©ter l’importance de leurs fonctions. D’ailleurs, l’analyse plus dĂ©taillĂ©e du positionnement d’un motif entre rĂ©gions transcriptomiques comparables chez les vertĂ©brĂ©s suggĂšre une conservation syntĂ©nique de ceux-ci, Ă  divers degrĂ©s, pour tous les biotypes d’ARN. La topologie rĂ©gionale de certaines instances de motifs rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©es apparaĂźt aussi comme Ă©volutivement conservĂ©e et peut ĂȘtre importante afin de permettre une liaison adĂ©quate de la protĂ©ine. Finalement, les rĂ©sultats compilĂ©s avec oRNAment ont permis de postuler sur un nouveau rĂŽle potentiel pour l’ARN long non codant HELLPAR comme Ă©ponge de protĂ©ines liant l’ARN. La caractĂ©risation systĂ©matique d’ARN localisĂ©s et de motifs de rĂ©gulation en cis prĂ©sentĂ©e dans cette thĂšse dĂ©montre comment l’intĂ©gration d’information Ă  l’échelle transcriptomique permet d’évaluer la prĂ©valence de l’asymĂ©trie, les caractĂ©ristiques distinctes et la conservation Ă©volutive de collections d’ARN.The subcellular localization of RNA allows a rapid and spatially restricted deployment of protein and noncoding RNA activities. The trafficking of RNA is directed by sequence elements (primary subsequences, secondary structures), also called regulatory motifs, present in cis within the RNA molecule. These motifs are recognized by RNA-binding proteins that mediate the transport of transcripts to specific sites in the cell. Recent studies in the Drosophila embryo indicate that the majority of RNAs display an asymmetric subcellular localization, suggesting the existence of a complex "localization code". However, this may represent an exceptional example and the question remained, until now, whether a comparable prevalence of RNA localization is observable in standard cells grown in culture. In addition, readily available information about the topological distribution of pattern instances across full transcriptomes has been hitherto lacking. In order to have a broad overview of the extent and properties involved in RNA localization, we subjected Drosophila (D17) and human (HepG2) cells to biochemical fractionation to isolate the nuclear, cytosolic, membrane and insoluble fractions. We then performed deep sequencing on the extracted RNA and analyzed through mass spectrometry the proteins extracted from these fractions. We named this method CeFra-Seq. Through bioinformatics analyses, I then profiled the enrichment of various RNA biotypes (e.g. messenger RNA, long noncoding RNA, circular RNA) and proteins within the subcellular fractions. This revealed the high prevalence of asymmetric distribution of both coding and noncoding RNA species. An analysis of orthologous genes between fly and human has also shown strong similarities, suggesting that the localization process is evolutionarily conserved. In addition, I have observed distinct attributes (e.g. transcript size) among fraction-specific messenger RNA populations. Finally, I observed specific correlations and anti-correlations between defined groups of messenger RNAs and the proteins they encode. To study motifs topology and their conservation, I created oRNAment, a database of putative RNA-binding protein binding sites instances in coding and noncoding RNAs. Using data from protein binding motifs assessed by RNAcompete and by RNA Bind-n-Seq experiments, I have developed an algorithm allowing their rapid identification in a complete transcriptome. I was able to catalog the instances of 453 motifs from 223 RNA-binding proteins for 525,718 transcripts in five species. The results obtained were validated by comparing them with public data from eCLIP. I then used oRNAment to further analyze the topological aspects of these motifs’ instances and their relative evolutionary conservation. This showed that most motifs are distributed in a similar fashion between species. In addition, I have detected commonalities between the subgroups of proteins linking preferentially distinct biotypes or specific RNA regions. The presence or absence of such pattern between species is likely a reflection of the importance of their functions. Moreover, a more precise analysis of the position of a motif among comparable transcriptomic regions in vertebrates suggests a syntenic conservation, to varying degrees, in all RNA biotypes. The regional topology of certain motifs as repeated instances also appears to be evolutionarily conserved and may be important in order to allow adequate binding of the protein. Finally, the results compiled with oRNAment allowed to postulate on a potential new role for the long noncoding RNA HELLPAR as an RNA-binding protein sponge. The systematic characterization of RNA localization and cis regulatory motifs presented in this thesis demonstrates how the integration of information at a transcriptomic scale enables the assessment of the prevalence of asymmetry, the distinct characteristics and the evolutionary conservation of RNA clusters

    La critique biblique chez Spinoza

    Get PDF
    Ce mĂ©moire consiste en une explication de la critique biblique de Spinoza contenue dans la TraitĂ© thĂ©ologico-politique. Cette critique rĂ©pond Ă  un problĂšme prĂ©cis : la subversion de la religion en superstition. Cette critique, nous l’expliquons en quatre parties. La premiĂšre partie consiste en une mise en situation problĂ©matique. Elle montre que le problĂšme biblique, qui appelle une critique, est la subversion de la religion. On y montre aussi l’origine de la superstition et la maniĂšre dont elle subvertit la religion. La seconde partie consiste en une mise en contexte historique, oĂč l’on montre la pertinence historique d’une telle critique. Nous voyons en effet que la critique biblique de Spinoza s’inscrit dans une pĂ©riode de controverses thĂ©ologiques importante. La troisiĂšme partie expose la mĂ©thode d’interprĂ©tation des Écritures de Spinoza (mĂ©thode historico-critique) et cherche Ă  Ă©claircir la notion de lumiĂšre naturelle, notion fondamentale de la dite mĂ©thode. Enfin, dans la quatriĂšme partie, nous exposons la critique spinoziste des autres mĂ©thodes interprĂ©tatives, jugĂ©es erronĂ©es par ce dernier, soient les mĂ©thodes surnaturelle, sceptique et dogmatique. Nous le verrons, la critique biblique, qui se rapporte Ă  une question trĂšs prĂ©cise, a une finalitĂ© plus gĂ©nĂ©rale. En effet, la critique biblique est insĂ©parable du but que se donne Spinoza dans le TraitĂ© thĂ©ologico-politique, soit dĂ©fendre la libertĂ© de penser et de dire ce que l’on pense. En fait, la critique biblique est un moyen pour rĂ©aliser ce but.This thesis consists in an explanation of the biblical criticism that we find in Spinoza’s Theologico-Political Treatise. This criticism addresses a specific problem: the subversion of religion in superstition. We explain this criticism in four parts. The first part explain the situation in which Spinoza affirms the necessity of a biblical criticism. This section shows that the actual critical problem is the subversion of religion. We will also explain in this part, the origin of superstition and how it may subvert religion. The second part is historical. It shows the historical context which is relevant for the biblical criticism. We see in fact that Spinoza's criticism is developed in a period of significant theological controversies. The third part describes the interpretative method of the Scripture (the historico-critical method). Finally, in the fourth section, we present Spinoza's criticism of other interpretative methods. These methods (supernatural, skeptical and dogmatic) are considered false by Spinoza. We will see that biblical criticism has a more general purpose. Indeed, biblical criticism is inseparable from the main goal of the Theologico-Political Treatise: the freedom of thought. In fact, biblical criticism is a way to achieve this goal

    Analyse de la corrĂ©lation conditionnelle dĂ©rivĂ©e de la coĂ©volution d’un systĂšme de trois gĂšnes par un modĂšle du maximum de vraisemblance

    Get PDF
    Les gĂšnes codant pour des protĂ©ines peuvent souvent ĂȘtre regroupĂ©s et intĂ©grĂ©s en modules fonctionnels par rapport Ă  un organelle. Ces modules peuvent avoir des composantes qui suivent une Ă©volution corrĂ©lĂ©e pouvant ĂȘtre conditionnelle Ă  un phĂ©notype donnĂ©. Les gĂšnes liĂ©s Ă  la motilitĂ© possĂšdent cette caractĂ©ristique, car ils se suivent en cascade en rĂ©ponse Ă  des stimuli extĂ©rieurs. L’hyperthermophilie, d’autre part, est interreliĂ©e Ă  la reverse gyrase, cependant aucun autre Ă©lĂ©ment qui pourrait y ĂȘtre associĂ© avec certitude n’est connu. Ceci peut ĂȘtre dĂ» Ă  un dĂ©placement de gĂšnes non orthologues encore non rĂ©solu. En utilisant une approche bio-informatique, une modĂ©lisation mathĂ©matique d’évolution conditionnelle corrĂ©lĂ©e pour trois gĂšnes a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e et appliquĂ©e sur des profils phylĂ©tiques d’archaea. Ceci a permis d’établir des thĂ©ories quant Ă  la fonction potentielle du gĂšne du flagelle FlaD/E ainsi que l’histoire Ă©volutive des gĂšnes lui Ă©tant liĂ©s et ayant contribuĂ© Ă  sa formation. De plus, une histoire Ă©volutive thĂ©orique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablie pour une ligase liĂ©e Ă  l’hyperthermophilie.Protein coding gene may often be grouped and integrated in functional modules with respect to an organelle. These modules may have constituents that follow a conditional correlated evolution to a given phenotype. Genes linked to motility posses this characteristic as they follow a cascade in response to external stimuli. Similarly, hyperthermophily is related to reverse gyrase, however no other element that could be associated with certainty is known. This may be caused by an unresolved case of non-orthologous gene displacement. Using a bioinformatic approach, a mathematical model for conditional correlated evolution for three genes has been developed and applied to the phyletic profiles of archaea. This has helped to develop theories about the potential functions of the flagellar gene FlaD/E and the evolutionary history of the genes that are linked to it and that may have contributed to its formation. In addition, a theoretical evolutionary history has been established for a ligase associated with hyperthermophily

    Determination of Anthracene on Ag-Au Alloy Nanoparticles/Overoxidized-Polypyrrole Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

    Get PDF
    A novel electrochemical sensor for the detection of anthracene was prepared by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with over-oxidized polypyrrole (PPyox) and Ag-Au (1:3) bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-AuNPs). The composite electrode (PPyox/Ag-AuNPs/GCE) was prepared by potentiodynamic polymerization of pyrrole on GCE followed by its overoxidation in 0.1 M NaOH. Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles were chemically prepared by the reduction of AgNO3 and HAuCl4 using C6H5O7Na3 as the reducing agent as well as the capping agent and then immobilized on the surface of the PPyox/GCE. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy technique which confirmed the homogeneous formation of the bimetallic alloy nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles were in the range of 20–50 nm. The electrochemical behaviour of anthracene at the PPyox/Ag-AuNPs/GCE with Ag: Au atomic ratio 25:75 (1:3) exhibited a higher electrocatalytic effect compared to that observed when GCE was modified with each constituent of the composite (i.e., PPyox, Ag-AuNPs) and bare GCE. A linear relationship between anodic current and anthracene concentration was attained over the range of 3.0 × 10−6 to 3.56 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 1.69 × 10−7 M. The proposed method was simple, less time consuming and showed a high sensitivity

    Specificity factors in cytoplasmic polyadenylation

    Get PDF
    Poly(A) tail elongation after export of an messenger RNA (mRNA) to the cytoplasm is called cytoplasmic polyadenylation. It was first discovered in oocytes and embryos, where it has roles in meiosis and development. In recent years, however, has been implicated in many other processes, including synaptic plasticity and mitosis. This review aims to introduce cytoplasmic polyadenylation with an emphasis on the factors and elements mediating this process for different mRNAs and in different animal species. We will discuss the RNA sequence elements mediating cytoplasmic polyadenylation in the 3â€Č untranslated regions of mRNAs, including the CPE, MBE, TCS, eCPE, and C-CPE. In addition to describing the role of general polyadenylation factors, we discuss the specific RNA binding protein families associated with cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements, including CPEB (CPEB1, CPEB2, CPEB3, and CPEB4), Pumilio (PUM2), Musashi (MSI1, MSI2), zygote arrest (ZAR2), ELAV like proteins (ELAVL1, HuR), poly(C) binding proteins (PCBP2, αCP2, hnRNP-E2), and Bicaudal C (BICC1). Some emerging themes in cytoplasmic polyadenylation will be highlighted. To facilitate understanding for those working in different organisms and fields, particularly those who are analyzing high throughput data, HUGO gene nomenclature for the human orthologs is used throughout. Where human orthologs have not been clearly identified, reference is made to protein families identified in man
    • 

    corecore