A risk assessment-driven quantitative comparison of gene expression profiles in PBMCs and white adipose tissue of humans and rats after isoflavone supplementation

Quantitative insight into species differences in risk assessment is expected to reduce uncertainty and variability related to extrapolation from animals to humans. This paper explores quantification and comparison of gene expression data between tissues and species from intervention studies with isoflavones. Gene expression data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and white adipose tissue (WAT) after 8wk isoflavone interventions in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized F344 rats were used. A multivariate model was applied to quantify gene expression effects, which showed 3–5-fold larger effect sizes in rats compared to humans. For estrogen responsive genes, a 5-fold greater effect size was found in rats than in humans. For these genes, intertissue correlations (r = 0.23 in humans, r = 0.22 in rats) and interspecies correlation in WAT (r = 0.31) were statistically significant. Effect sizes, intertissue and interspecies correlations for some groups of genes within energy metabolism, inflammation and cell cycle processes were significant, but weak. Quantification of gene expression data reveals differences between rats and women in effect magnitude after isoflavone supplementation. For risk assessment, quantification of gene expression data and subsequent calculation of intertissue and interspecies correlations within biological pathways will further strengthen knowledge on comparability between tissues and species

Synthesis of α-oxosulfines by flash vacuum thermolysis of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxathin S-oxides. Photoelectron spectrum of thioxoethanal S-oxide.

International audienceRCOCR1SO (I; R = R1 = H, Me; R = Me, R1 = H) were generated by flash vacuum thermolysis of oxathiins. I (R = R1 = H) was characterized by low-temp. IR and, in particular, photoelectron spectroscopy. The exptl. IP's, as well as MNDO calcns., agree with the proposed structure [the (E)-s-cis conformation being the most stable] and exclude the formation of the cyclic isomers β-sulfine and 3-thia-1,2-dioxole. The Me derivs. were characterized by low-temp. IR and NMR spectroscopy, and chem. trapping by 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. [on SciFinder(R)

Flash vacuum thermolysis of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxathiin: Synthesis, photoelectronic spectroscopy, and dienophilic reactivity of thioxoethanal

International audienceThioxoethanal has been generated in the gas phase by flash vacuum thermolysis of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-osathiin. its characterization was performed by chemical trapping and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). The PE HeI-HeII study led to the conclusion that thiooxethanal was obtained, with ethylene, as the only thermolysis product at 720°C. At higher temperatures, a cleavage into methanethial and carbon monoxide was observed. The results from this PE study, as well as MNDO calculations, indicate a very weak interaction between the formyl and thioformyl moieties of the molecule through the σC-C bond. The HOMO sulfur lone pair is only slightly stabilized by the inductive effect of the carbonyl group. These conclusions account for the observed dienophilic reactivity of thioxoethanal. © 1990 American Chemical Society

Microplastics in drinking water

This report focuses on the occurrence of microplastics in drinking-water and the potential risks to human health that may be associated with such exposure. The target audience includes drinking-water regulators, policy makers and water suppliers. The purpose of this report is to increase understanding on the issue of microplastics in drinking-water and to summarize how current knowledge might influence policy and management actions as well as research needs. Given the broad interest in plastic and microplastic pollution, this document may also be of interest to researchers, the public and civil society groups concerned with plastic pollution

Microplastics in drinking water

This report focuses on the occurrence of microplastics in drinking-water and the potential risks to human health that may be associated with such exposure. The target audience includes drinking-water regulators, policy makers and water suppliers. The purpose of this report is to increase understanding on the issue of microplastics in drinking-water and to summarize how current knowledge might influence policy and management actions as well as research needs. Given the broad interest in plastic and microplastic pollution, this document may also be of interest to researchers, the public and civil society groups concerned with plastic pollution