Youth adjustment to parental separation : the development and evaluation of an empirically-based parenting intervention for separated families with adolescent children

The focus of this thesis is the evaluation of three forms of an empirically-based cognitive-behavioural parenting program for separated families with adolescent children. However, to initially determine the existence of lasting affects of parental separation (occurring during childhood and adolescence), an exploratory study used a sample of 272 young adults (aged between 18 and 30 years) from intact families and 78 young adults from separated families. This study investigated the impact of parental marital status on young adult psychological adjustment, interpersonal relationships, attitudes toward divorce, and interpersonal behaviour problems. Results indicated that the effects of parental separation on father-child relationships persist into adulthood for men and women. Further, young women from separated families also reported more accepting attitudes toward divorce, and earl ier age at entering into de facto or marital relationships. Young men reported more difficulties in their relationships with mothers, moving out of the family home at a younger age, and higher levels of verbal attack behaviours in romantic relationships compared to their peers from intact families. Importantly, results suggested that both young children and adolescents experience adverse consequences of parental separation, albeit in different adjustment domains. Given these results, the need for intervention was established. While considerable efforts have gone into the development of intervention programs for young children from separated families, few efforts have focused on adolescents whose parents have separated. To redress this situation, this thesis describes the development and evaluation of three forms of delivery of a parenting program for separated families with adolescent children - group, individual, and telephone-assisted. Study 2 investigated the efficacy and acceptability of the Youth Adjust ment to Parental Separation (YAPS) program - an empirically-based group cognitive-behavioural parenting program for separated families with adolescent children. Overall, the results from this initial trial with four mothers suggested that the program was implemented as planned and that the program was acceptable to mothers. Further, the program lead to improvements in mothers' perceptions of adolescent symptomatology and their own symptomatology. However, there was limited or inconsistent change in mothers' perceptions of family relationships, the coparenting relationship, and their parenting practises, and in adolescents' perceptions of interparental conflict, coping, negative separation-related events, and problematic beliefs. Furthermore, adolescents reported deterioration in family communication and their own symptomatology. Based on the results of Study 2 and the limitations identified, recommendations were made regarding improvements to the YAPS program and to the procedures used to evaluate program effectiveness. According to the recommendations made in Study 2, the efficacy and acceptability of the YAPS program delivered as a therapist-administered individual program was evaluated with six families in Study 3. Results indicated that the program is acceptable to mothers, and that it leads to improvements in adolescent adjustment, parent adjustment, mother-adolescent relationships, father-contact, adolescent exposure to interparental conflict and other negative-separation-related events, and mothers' perceptions of family relationships. Less consistent changes were observed for adolescent ratings of family relationships, and the father-adolescent relationship, however improvements in the father-adolescent relationship were associated with increased levels of f ather-contact. Consistent improvements in adolescents' coping and their appraisal of parental separation were not observed. However, there appeared to be a relationship between parental utilisation of coping strategies and adolescent coping, suggesting that promoting adolescent coping indirectly through parental modelling and parental encouragement is an appropriate intervention strategy. Study 4 evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of the YAPS program delivered as a telephone-assisted program. Results indicated that the program is acceptable to mothers, and that it improves adolescent perceptions of family communication, their own coping, and their relationship with their father. However, mothers' ratings of their own and their child's adjustment, and adolescent ratings of their own adjustment did not change. Further, expected improvements in mothers' parenting practises, the mother-adolescent relationship, separation-related negative-events, separation-related beliefs, and the coparenting relationship were not observed. Overall, improvements observed in the evaluation of the minimal-contact, telephone-assisted YAPS program (Study 4) were considerably less than those observed in the evaluation of the individual therapist-assisted, face-to-face program (Study 3). Future evaluations of the YAPS program need to address the limitations of the current series of studies, particularly, comparison to a wait-list control group is required so that threats to internal validity can be minimised

Literatuuroverzicht jodiumbepaling

Doel van dit onderzoek is: Keuze van een of meerdere analysetechnieken voor de bepaling van jodium. Naar aanleiding van vragen naar het jodiumgehalte in gangbaar en alternatief voortgebrachte levensmiddelen is de ontwikkeling van een of meerdere bepalingsmethoden ter hand genomen. Als eerste fase in deze ontwikkeling is dit overzicht samengesteld, waaruit twee methoden naar voren komen, die getoetst zullen worden in levensmiddelen

De toepassingsmogelijkheden van de auto-analyzer in het stikstofonderzoek

In dit onderzoek is nagegaan of het meettechnisch mogelijk is om de gangbare handmethoden voor het bepalen van stikstof in meststoffen te vervangen door autoanalyzer methoden

The effect of temperature and salinity on the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones produced by <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> and <i>Gephyrocapsa oceanica</i>

International audienceTwo haptophyte algae, Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, were cultured at different temperatures and salinities to investigate the impact of these factors on the hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones synthesized by these algae. Results showed that alkenones synthesized by G. oceanica were on average depleted in D by 30 per mil compared to those of E. huxleyi when grown under similar conditions. The fractionation factor, ?alkenones-H2O, ranged from 0.760 to 0.815 for E. huxleyi and from 0.741 to 0.788 for G. oceanica. There was no significant correlation of ?alkenones-H2O with temperature but a positive linear correlation was observed between ?alkenones-H2O and salinity with ~3 per mil change in fractionation per salinity unit. This suggests that salinity can have a substantial impact on the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones in natural environments and, vice versa, that ?D can possibly be used as a proxy to estimate paleosalinity

ASAM : Automatic Architecture Synthesis and Application Mapping; dl. 2.2: Report on initial version of the hierarchical application model

No abstract

Natriumchloride (NaCl) in levensmiddelen

Het bepalen en verklaren van verschillen in het zoutgehalte berekend vanuit de chloor- en de natriumbepaling, voor diverse levensmiddelen. Bij het analyseren van levensmiddelen met toegevoegd zout is het mogelijk, dat het zoutgehalte berekend uit de natriumbepaling verschilt van de waarde berekend uit de chloorbepaling. Aangezien dit veroorzaakt kan worden door zowel het produkt, de natrium en/of de chloorbepaling zijn deze 3 faktoren onderzocht

Onderzoek naar metabolieten van 17β-nortestosteron in kalverurine

18 urines van kalveren, waar een spuitplek bij is gevonden welke 17beta-nortestosteron bevat, zijn onderzocht op aanwezigheid van 17alfa- en 17beta-nortestosteron, en 5alfa-estrane 3beta, 17alfa diol in de urin

The effect of temperature, salinity and growth rate on the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones produced by <I>Emiliania huxleyi</I> and <I>Gephyrocapsa oceanica</I>

International audienceTwo haptophyte algae, Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, were cultured at different temperatures and salinities to investigate the impact of these factors on the hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones synthesized by these algae. Results showed that alkenones synthesized by G. oceanica were on average depleted in D by 30 compared to those of E. huxleyi when grown under similar temperature and salinity conditions. The fractionation factor, ?alkenones-H2O, ranged from 0.760 to 0.815 for E. huxleyi and from 0.741 to 0.788 for G. oceanica. There was no significant correlation of ?alkenones-H2O with temperature but a positive linear correlation was observed between ?alkenones-H2O and salinity with ~3 change in fractionation per salinity unit and a negative correlation between ?alkenones-H2O and growth rate. This suggests that both salinity and growth rate can have a substantial impact on the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones in natural environments

Ontwikkeling jodiumbepaling

Doel van dit onderzoek is: Het ontwikkelen van een kwantitatieve bepaling van jodium in levensmiddelen. De mogelijkheid is onderzocht om in veraste broodmonsters rechtstreeks het jodiumgehalte te bepalen m.b.v. de door jodium gekatalyseerde Ce-As reaktie. Daarbij zijn verschillende smelten uitgeprobeerd, is de mengvolgorde van de reagentia in de Ce-As-reaktie onderzocht en is gekeken naar het nut van de Hg+ toevoeging voor het verkrijgen van een blankowaarde

Literatuuroverzicht glyphosate

Doel is het raadplegen en samenvatten van de literatuur, betreffende glyphosate, om te komen tot een richtlijn voor het ontwikkelen van een analyse methode in landbouwprodukten