Проблеми справляння туристичного збору в Україні

Розглянуті особливості справляння та існуюючі в Україні проблеми оподаткування туристичним збором, як одним із місцевих податкових платежів.Науковий керівник: доцент, к.е.н. Цимбалюк І.О

Hydrogen bonding in substitutionally disordered di-μ-hydroxido-bis­{aqua­tri[bromido/chlorido(1/2)]tin(IV)} acetone disolvate

The structure of the title compound, [Sn2Br1.97Cl4.03(OH)2(H2O)2]·2C3H6O, contains two hexa­coordinated Sn atoms bridged symmetrically by two hydroxide groups, with an inversion center in the middle of the planar Sn2O2 ring, half of the mol­ecule being generated by inversion symmetry. The other sites of the distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry are occupied by halide atoms and water mol­ecules. The structure exhibits substitutional disorder of the halide atoms bonded to the Sn atom, with 0.672 (4) occupancy for Cl and 0.328 (4) for Br for each halide position. The compound crystallizes with two acetone mol­ecules, which are involved in intra- and inter­molecular O—H⋯O contacts. The water mol­ecules coordinated to the Sn atoms are also involved in O—H⋯O and O—H⋯X contacts, leading to a polymeric array along the a axis

Small-Angle X-ray and neutron scattering from diamond single crystals

Results of Small-Angle Scattering study of diamonds with various types of point and extended defects and different degrees of annealing are presented. It is shown that thermal annealing and/or mechanical deformation cause formation of nanosized planar and threedimensional defects giving rise to Small-Angle Scattering. The defects are often facetted by crystallographic planes 111, 100, 110, 311, 211 common for diamond. The scattering defects likely consist of clusters of intrinsic and impurity-related defects; boundaries of mechanical twins also contribute to the SAS signal. There is no clear correlation between concentration of nitrogen impurity and intensity of the scattering.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures; presented at SANS-YuMO User Meeting 2011, Dubna, Russi

Compositional marker in vivo reveals intramyocellular lipid turnover during fasting-induced lipolysis

Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) is of particular metabolic interest, but despite many proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) studies reporting IMCL content measured by the methylene (CH₂) resonance signal, little is known about its composition. Here we validated IMCL CH₃:CH₂ ratio as a compositional marker using ¹H MRS at short echo time, and investigated IMCL content and composition during a 28-hour fast in 24 healthy males. Increases in IMCL CH₂ relative to the creatine and phosphocreatine resonance (Cr) at 3.0 ppm (an internal standard) correlated with circulating free fatty acid (FA) concentrations, supporting the concept of increased FA influx into IMCL. Significant decreases in IMCL CH₃:CH₂ ratio indicated a less unsaturated IMCL pool after fasting, and this compositional change related inversely to IMCL baseline composition, suggesting a selective efflux of unsaturated shorter-chain FA from the IMCL pool. This novel in vivo evidence reveals IMCL turnover during extended fasting, consistent with the concept of a flexible, responsive myocellular lipid store. There were also differences between soleus and tibialis anterior in basal IMCL composition and in response to fasting. We discuss the potential of this marker for providing insights into normal physiology and mechanisms of disease.We thank the participants, staff at the Cambridge NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility and the Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Sarah Nutland (NIHR Cambridge BioResource, Cambridge, UK) for facilitating participant recruitment and Edwina French (MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK) for help with phantoms. We acknowledge grants from Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust and the British Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes. LH is a British Heart Foundation Senior Fellow in Basic Science. DBS is supported by the Wellcome Trust (107064). AT, AK and DBD are funded by the UK NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and Medical Research Council (UD99999906), and AS by the NIHR via the NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility

An element through the looking glass: Exploring the Au-C, Au-H and Au-O energy landscape

Gold, the archetypal “noble metal”, used to be considered of little interest in catalysis. It is now clear that this was a misconception, and a multitude of gold-catalysed transformations has been reported. However, one consequence of the long-held view of gold as inert metal is that its organometallic chemistry contains many “unknowns”, and catalytic cycles devised to explain gold's reactivity draw largely on analogies with other transition metals. How realistic are such mechanistic assumptions? In the last few years a number of key compound classes have been discovered that can provide some answers. This Perspective attempts to summarise these developments, with particular emphasis on recently discovered gold(III) complexes with bonds to hydrogen, oxygen, alkenes and CO ligands

Brand Extension: a Case Study of Starbucks

The thesis investigates the topic of brand extension and its importance in the business practice of companies. The theoretical part of the research outlines the key theoretical aspects related to brand and brand extension. The practical part investigates the case study of Starbucks brand extension and compares it with other famous brand extension cases. The paper illustrates how Starbucks brand extension from coffee onto the ice cream market had been successful on the initial stage, and how it failed in the long run, analyzing the key advantages and drawbacks of Starbucks brand extension activities. The thesis outlines how Starbucks brand extension could have been improved

Інвестиційно-інноваційний розвиток хлібопекарської галузі України

In the article the innovative development trends, the introduction of innovation in Ukraine and investment volume in the bread baking branch have been considered. The aim of the study is to curb the directions of foreign investors’ participation at the bread market on the basis of its real state. The volumes of invitations in the bread baking industry and its main branches are defined. More attention is paid to the polluted regions and districts. Also, the potential of investment augmentation is de-fined in this industry for our country. The risks and problems of the innovative activity are considered at the bred market. The results of the study can be used at the top (Ukraine), middle (industry) and low (factory) levels. The basic trends in the innova-tive development of the bread baking industry can raise them.Исследованы состояние, тенденции и приоритеты инвестиционно-инновационного развития хлебопекарной отрасли Украины, факторы влияния на рынок хлеба. Определены направления и объемы внедрения инвестиций в хлебопекарную отрасль. Рассмотрены риски, сопровождающие инвестиционную деятельность на рынке хлебобулочных изделий. Предложены мероприятия по повышению инвестиционной привлекательности рынка хлебобулочных изделий.Досліджено стан, тенденції та пріоритети інвестиційно-інноваційного розвитку хлібопекарської галузі України, чинники впливу на ринок хліба. Визначено напрями та обсяги впровадження інвестицій у хлібопекарську галузь. Розглянуто ризики, що супроводжують інвестиційну діяльність на ринку хлібобулочних виробів. Запропоновано заходи щодо підвищення інвестиційної привабливості ринку хлібобулочних виробів

Calculation of degassing networks taking into account the accumulation of the liquid phase

The issue of accounting for the accumulation of liquid in the mine degassing network during gas-dynamic calculations is considered. Geometry of fluid accumulation in the cross section of degassing pipeline and the formulas for geometric parameters are presented. A scheme of wave generation on the liquid surface is considered. Dependence for the coefficient of resistance to interfacial friction on the liquid surface is proposed. Formulas for calculation of gas-dynamic parameters on the pipeline section are given. The results calculation of the resistance coefficients in the place accumulation of liquid, changes in flow and pressure of the gas mixture are presented. Calculations carried out for pipelines with accumulations of liquid