Immunohistochemical Expression of Growth Factors in the Follicular Wall of Normal and Cystic Ovaries of Sows

Contents: The expression of growth factors was evaluated immunohistochemically in normal and cystic ovaries of sows. The immunohistochemically stained area (IHCSA) was quantified by image analysis to analyse the expression of these proteins in the follicular wall of secondary, tertiary and cystic follicles. IGF-I immunoreactivity was strong in the granulosa cell layer (GC), moderate in the theca interna (TI) and mild in the theca externa (TE) of the normal follicles. There was severe reduction of the labelling to IGF-I in the GC of the follicular and luteinized cysts. In the normal follicles, the reactivity for IGF-II was very similar to pattern noted in IGF-I. There was reduction of the IHCSAs in the GC of the follicular and luteinized cysts, but the decrease was not significant. The staining of the IGF-II in the TI and TE of the cysts was increased, in comparison with normal follicles. The IHCSAs for VEGF were higher in the GC and TE of the normal follicles in contrast to TI, but this difference was noted only in the tertiary follicle. The VEGF reactivity increased in the GC of the cysts, in relation to normal follicles. The results of the current study show that the formation of ovarian cysts in sows is associated with alterations in the immunohistochemical expression of some growth factors.Fil: Sant'Ana, F. J. F.. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Reis Junior, J. L.. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Blume, G. R.. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Gimeno, Eduardo Juan. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rey, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Hugo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentin

Accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with classes II and III obesity : a pathological image study

Liver biopsy is the gold standard method to diagnose nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, ultrasound is widely recommended as the first-line imaging test for individuals with suspected NAFLD. This study aimed to estimate the accuracy of ultrasound as a screening test for NAFLD compared to liver biopsy in a cohort of patients with class II and III obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. This retrospective study included patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in southern Brazil between 2010 and 2019 who were screened for NAFLD with both ultrasound and liver biopsy. All samples were collected by a core biopsy needle and were analyzed by the same pathologist. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ultrasound were estimated. The final database included 227 patients, mostly female (84%) and white (83.6%), with a mean age of 42.5 ± 10.2 years and a mean preoperative body mass index of 49.5 ± 8.4 kg/m2. A total of 153 subjects (67.4%) were diagnosed with NAFLD through liver biopsies: 41 (18%) had fatty liver and 112 (49.3%) had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Ultrasound sensitivity was 88.9% and specificity was 44.6%. Positive and negative predictive values were 76.8% and 66.0%, respectively. Positive likelihood ratio was 1.6 (95% CI 1.30–1.98), and negative likelihood ratio was 0.25 (95% CI 0.15–0.42). Therefore, approximately three every four subjects with an ultrasound suggesting NAFLD were true positives. Ultrasound showed a good sensitivity in detecting NAFLD in patients with class II and III obesity

Cirurgia para tratamento da obesidade mórbida: princípios básicos

A obesidade é uma doença caracterizada pelo excesso de gordura corporal. Esse acúmulo ocorre quando a oferta de calorias é constantemente maior que o gasto de energia corporal e resulta frequentemente em sérios prejuízos à saúde.  Atualmente, atinge 600 milhões de pessoas no mundo, 30 milhões somente no Brasil. Estudos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) projetam um cenário ainda pior para os próximos anos. Estima-se que, em 2015, existirão 2,3 bilhões de pessoas com excesso de peso e 700 milhões de obesos no mundo inteiro. Com o aumento do uso de procedimentos cirúrgicos como opções de tratamento para obesidade mórbida, o conhecimento da cirurgia bariátrica se tornou essencial. Durante a última década, o número de procedimentos bariátricos aumentou e os refinamentos desses procedimentos fizeram-nos mais seguros e mais eficazes. Todos os médicos devem saber como identificar candidatos adequados e estar familiarizados com os procedimentos cirúrgicos disponíveis, cientes de possíveis complicações e benefícios. A cirurgia bariátrica reúne técnicas com respaldo científico, destinadas ao tratamento da obesidade morbida e das doenças associadas ao excesso de gordura corporal ou agravadas por ele. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é analisar os dados da literatura acerca do tratamento da obesidade mórbida, mostrando que a cirurgia bariátrica vem se tornando o tratamento padrão para o controle dessa epidemia

Cirurgia para tratamento da obesidade mórbida: princípios básicos

A obesidade é uma doença caracterizada pelo excesso de gordura corporal. Esse acúmulo ocorre quando a oferta de calorias é constantemente maior que o gasto de energia corporal e resulta frequentemente em sérios prejuízos à saúde.  Atualmente, atinge 600 milhões de pessoas no mundo, 30 milhões somente no Brasil. Estudos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) projetam um cenário ainda pior para os próximos anos. Estima-se que, em 2015, existirão 2,3 bilhões de pessoas com excesso de peso e 700 milhões de obesos no mundo inteiro. Com o aumento do uso de procedimentos cirúrgicos como opções de tratamento para obesidade mórbida, o conhecimento da cirurgia bariátrica se tornou essencial. Durante a última década, o número de procedimentos bariátricos aumentou e os refinamentos desses procedimentos fizeram-nos mais seguros e mais eficazes. Todos os médicos devem saber como identificar candidatos adequados e estar familiarizados com os procedimentos cirúrgicos disponíveis, cientes de possíveis complicações e benefícios. A cirurgia bariátrica reúne técnicas com respaldo científico, destinadas ao tratamento da obesidade morbida e das doenças associadas ao excesso de gordura corporal ou agravadas por ele. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é analisar os dados da literatura acerca do tratamento da obesidade mórbida, mostrando que a cirurgia bariátrica vem se tornando o tratamento padrão para o controle dessa epidemia

COSMOS-Europe : a European network of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture sensors

We thank TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories), funded by the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft for the financing and maintenance of CRNS stations. We acknowledge financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) of the research unit FOR 2694 Cosmic Sense (grant no. 357874777) and by the German Federal Ministry of Education of the Research BioökonomieREVIER, Digitales Geosystem – Rheinisches Revier project (grant no. 031B0918A). COSMOS-UK has been supported financially by the UK’s Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/R016429/1). The Olocau experimental watershed is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research project TETISCHANGE (grant no. RTI2018-093717-BI00). The Calderona experimental site is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research projects CEHYRFO-MED (grant no. CGL2017-86839- C3-2-R) and SILVADAPT.NET (grant no. RED2018-102719-T) and the LIFE project RESILIENT FORESTS (grant no. LIFE17 CCA/ES/000063). The University of Bristol’s Sheepdrove sites have been supported by the UK’s Natural Environment Research Council through a number of projects (grant nos. NE/M003086/1, NE/R004897/1, and NE/T005645/1) and by the International Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations (grant no. CRP D12014). Acknowledgements. We thank Peter Strauss and Gerhab Rab from the Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management Austria, Petzenkirchen, Austria. We thank Trenton Franz from the School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States. We also thank Carmen Zengerle, Mandy Kasner, Felix Pohl, and Solveig Landmark, UFZ Leipzig, for supporting field calibration, lab analysis, and data processing. We furthermore thank Daniel Dolfus, Marius Schmidt, Ansgar Weuthen, and Bernd Schilling, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany. The COSMOS-UK project team is thanked for making its data available to COSMOS-Europe. Luca Stevanato is thanked for the technical details about the Finapp sensor. The stations at Cunnersdorf, Lindenberg, and Harzgerode have been supported by Falk Böttcher, Frank Beyrich, and Petra Fude, German Weather Service (DWD). The Zerbst site has been supported by Getec Green Energy GmbH and Jörg Kachelmann (Meteologix AG). The CESBIO sites have been supported by the CNES TOSCA program. The ERA5-Land data are provided by ECMWF (Muñoz Sabater, 2021). The Jena dataset was retrieved at the site of The Jena Experiment, operated by DFG research unit FOR 1451.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through on-line media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focussed on process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come