Therapeutic Differentiation of Tumor-derived Insulin-producing Cells Selected for Resistance to Diabetogenic Drugs

Differentiation therapy has been proposed as a new approach to selectively engage the process of tumor cell differentiation during chemotherapy of cancer. Our recent in vitro study suggests that such an approach can be extended and utilized for the selection of tumor-derived insulin-producing cells for transplantation. Repeated treatment with streptozotocin selected toxin resistant subpopulation of insulin producing tumor RINmS cells, characterized increased level of insulin content and secretion. In the present study RINmS cells were found to have higher glucose sensitivity and insulin response compared with parental RINm cells. In addition, compounds known to induce elevated level of cAMP beta-cells, such as isobutyl methyl xanthine, and forskolin, potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion of RINmS, but had no effect on the naive parental RINm cells. These experiments suggest that differentiation therapy can be utilized for engineering insulin producing cells with improved defense and secretory mechanisms

Streptozotocin and Alloxan-based Selection Improves Toxin Resistance of Insulin-Producing RINm Cells

The aim of our study was to develop a method for selection of subpopulations of insulin producing RINm cells with higher resistance to beta cell toxins. Cells, resistant to streptozotocin (RINmS) and alloxan (RINmA), were obtained by repeated exposure of parental RINm cells to these two toxins, while the defense capacity, was estimated by the MTT colorimetric method, and [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay. We found that RINmS and RINmA displayed higher resistance to both streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan (AL) when compared to the parental RINm cells. In contrast, no differences in sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide were found between toxin selected and parental cells. Partial protection from the toxic effect of STZ and AL was obtained only in the parental RINm cells after preincubation of cells with the unmetabolizable 3- O-methyl-glucose. The possibility that GLUT-2 is involved in cell sensitivity to toxins was confirmed by Western blot analysis, which showed higher expression of GLUT-2 in parental RINm compared to RINmS and RINmA cells. In addition to the higher cell defense property evidenced in the selected cells, we also found higher insulin content and insulin secretion in both RINmS and RINmA cells when compared to the parental RINm cells. In conclusion, STZ and AL treatment can be used for selection of cell sub-populations with higher cell defense properties and hormone production. The different GLUT-2 expression in parental and re sistant cells suggest involvement of GLUT-2 in mechanisms of cell response to different toxins

Energy optimization in binary star systems: explanation for equal mass members in close orbits

Observations indicate that members of close stellar binaries often have mass ratios close to unity, while longer period systems exhibit a more uniform mass-ratio distribution. This paper provides a theoretical explanation for this finding by determining the tidal equilibrium states for binary star systems – subject to the constraints of conservation of angular momentum and constant total mass. This work generalizes previous treatments by including the mass fraction as a variable in the optimization problem. The results show that the lowest energy state accessible to the system corresponds to equal mass stars on a circular orbit, where the stellar spin angular velocities are both synchronized and aligned with the orbit. These features are roughly consistent with observed properties of close binary systems. We also find the conditions required for this minimum energy state to exist: (1) the total angular momentum must exceed a critical value, (2) the orbital angular momentum must be three times greater than the total spin angular momentum, and (3) the semimajor axis is bounded from above. The last condition implies that sufficiently wide binaries are not optimized with equal mass stars, where the limiting binary separation occurs near a₀ ≈ 16R*

Energy optimization in extrasolar planetary systems: the transition from peas-in-a-pod to runaway growth

Motivated by the trends found in the observed sample of extrasolar planets, this paper determines tidal equilibrium states for forming planetary systems – subject to conservation of angular momentum, constant total mass, and fixed orbital spacing. In the low mass limit, valid for super-Earth-class planets with masses of order m_p ∼ 10 M⊕, previous work showed that energy optimization leads to nearly equal mass planets, with circular orbits confined to a plane. The present treatment generalizes previous results by including the self-gravity of the planetary bodies. For systems with a sufficiently large total mass m_T in planets, the optimized energy state switches over from the case of nearly equal mass planets to a configuration where one planet contains most of the material. This transition occurs for a critical mass threshold of approximately m_T≳m_C∼40M⊕ (where the value depends on the semimajor axes of the planetary orbits, the stellar mass, and other system properties). These considerations of energy optimization apply over a wide range of mass scales, from binary stars to planetary systems to the collection of moons orbiting the giant planets in our Solar system

Plasmon-assisted electron-electron collisions at metallic surfaces

We present a theoretical treatment for the ejection of a secondary electron from a clean metallic surface induced by the impact of a fast primary electron. Assuming a direct scattering between the incident, primary electron and the electron in a metal, we calculate the electron-pair energy distributions at the surfaces of Al and Be. Different models for the screening of the electron-electron interaction are examined and the footprints of the surface and the bulk plasmon modes are determined and analyzed. The formulated theoretical approach is compared with the available experimental data on the electron-pair emission from Al.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figure

High-fidelity multi-photon-entangled cluster state with solid-state quantum emitters in photonic nanostructures

We propose a complete architecture for deterministic generation of entangled multiphoton states. Our approach utilizes periodic driving of a quantum-dot emitter and an efficient light-matter interface enabled by a photonic crystal waveguide. We assess the quality of the photonic states produced from a real system by including all intrinsic experimental imperfections. Importantly, the protocol is robust against the nuclear spin bath dynamics due to a naturally built-in refocussing method reminiscent to spin echo. We demonstrate the feasibility of producing Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and one-dimensional cluster states with fidelities and generation rates exceeding those achieved with conventional 'fusion' methods in current state-of-the-art experiments. The proposed hardware constitutes a scalable and resource-efficient approach towards implementation of measurement-based quantum communication and computing

A search for resonances decaying into a Higgs boson and a new particle X in the XH→qqbb final state with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy resonances decaying into a Higgs boson ($H$) and a new particle ($X$) is reported, utilizing 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV collected during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The particle $X$ is assumed to decay to a pair of light quarks, and the fully hadronic final state $XH \rightarrow q\bar q'b\bar b$ is analysed. The search considers the regime of high $XH$ resonance masses, where the $X$ and $H$ bosons are both highly Lorentz-boosted and are each reconstructed using a single jet with large radius parameter. A two-dimensional phase space of $XH$ mass versus $X$ mass is scanned for evidence of a signal, over a range of $XH$ resonance mass values between 1 TeV and 4 TeV, and for $X$ particles with masses from 50 GeV to 1000 GeV. All search results are consistent with the expectations for the background due to Standard Model processes, and 95% CL upper limits are set, as a function of $XH$ and $X$ masses, on the production cross-section of the $XH\rightarrow q\bar q'b\bar b$ resonance

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good