Niezdolność do pracy z powodu choroby jako przyczyna rozwiązania umowy o pracę bez wypowiedzenia

Artykuł traktuje o niezdolności do pracy z powodu choroby jako przyczynie  rozwiązania umowy o pracę bez wypowiedzenia. W pracy przedstawiono pokrótce sytuacje, w których  długotrwała choroba pracownika może być przyczyną rozwiązania z nim umowy o pracę przez  pracodawcę bez wypowiedzenia oraz omówiono konsekwencje częstej lub długotrwałej nieobecności  w pracy z powodu choroby pracownika. Omówione zostały sytuacje przedstawione w art. 53 kodeksu  pracy.  Pierwsza część artykułu poświęcona została okresom ochronnym w przypadku  usprawiedliwionej nieobecności w pracy pracownika. W dalszej części pracy przedstawiono kwestię  utraty prawa do rozwiązania umowy bez wypowiedzenia przez pracodawcę oraz sytuacje, w których  pracodawca takiego prawa nie traci. Opisane zostały również procedury, których powinien  przestrzegać pracodawca w chwili, gdy pracownik stawił się zdolny i gotowy do wykonywania pracy  po okresie swojej nieobecności spowodowanej chorobą. Ostatnią część artykułu poświęcono prawu  powrotu do pracy pracownika i jego ponownego zatrudnienia przez pracodawcę po okresie  nieobecności. W pracy powołano się na orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego.  

Genome-wide analysis uncovers tomato leaf lncRNAs transcriptionally active upon Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato challenge

Plants rely on (in)direct detection of bacterial pathogens through plasma membrane-localized and intracellular receptor proteins. Surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) participate in the detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and are required for the activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) deploys ~ 30 effector proteins into the plant cell that contribute to pathogenicity. Resistant plants are capable of detecting the presence or activity of effectors and mount another response termed effector-triggered immunity (ETI). In order to investigate the involvement of tomato’s long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the immune response against Pst, we used RNA-seq data to predict and characterize those that are transcriptionally active in leaves challenged with a large set of treatments. Our prediction strategy was validated by sequence comparison with tomato lncRNAs described in previous works and by an alternative approach (RT-qPCR). Early PTI (30 min), late PTI (6 h) and ETI (6 h) differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were identified and used to perform a co-expression analysis including neighboring (± 100 kb) DE protein-coding genes. Some of the described networks could represent key regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis, PRR abundance at the cell surface and mitigation of oxidative stress, associated to tomato-Pst pathosystem.Fil: Rosli, Hernan Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Sirvent, Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bekier, Florencia Nicole. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Romina Nahir. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; ArgentinaFil: Pombo, Marina Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Exploring Influences on Theory of Mind Impairment in Opioid Dependent Patients

Theory of mind (ToM) is an aspect of social cognition impaired in different addictive disorders, including opioid addiction. This study aimed at replicating ToM deficits in opioid dependent patients undergoing opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and exploring the influence of substance use related variables, executive functions and childhood maltreatment on ToM in opioid dependent patients. 66 opioid dependent patients were tested using the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) and compared with the data of healthy controls. Furthermore, the opioid dependent patients underwent testing for executive functions and filled in the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Performance on the MASC was significantly poorer in the opioid dependence group than in the control group, even when recent additional drug use and psychiatric comorbidities were controlled for. No correlations were found between ToM and substance use related factors. Aspects of ToM performance in opioid dependent patients correlated significantly with different EF domains. ToM correlated significantly with the CTQ scales for physical maltreatment. The results confirm impaired ToM in opioid dependent patients and highlight executive functions and childhood maltreatment as influential factors. The lack of associations between ToM and substance use related variables and the association with childhood maltreatment suggest that ToM impairments might be a risk factor predating substance abuse.Peer Reviewe

Phosphorylation of XIAP by CDK1-cyclin B controls mitotic cell death

Regulation of cell death is crucial for the response of cancer cells to drug treatments that cause arrest in mitosis, and is likely to be important for protection against chromosome instability in normal cells. Prolonged mitotic arrest can result in cell death by activation of caspases and the induction of apoptosis. Here, we show that Xlinked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) plays a key role in the control of mitotic cell death. Ablation of XIAP expression sensitises cells to prolonged mitotic arrest caused by a microtubule poison. XIAP is stable during mitotic arrest, but its function is controlled through phosphorylation by the mitotic kinase CDK1-cyclin-B1 at S40. Mutation of S40 to a phosphomimetic residue (S40D) inhibits binding to activated effector caspases and abolishes the anti-apoptotic function of XIAP, whereas a non-phosphorylatable mutant (S40A) blocks apoptosis. By performing live-cell imaging, we show that phosphorylation of XIAP reduces the threshold for the onset of cell death in mitosis. This work illustrates that mitotic cell death is a form of apoptosis linked to the progression of mitosis through control by CDK1-cyclin-B1

Prolonged mitotic arrest induces a caspase-dependent DNA damage response at telomeres that determines cell survival

A delay in the completion of metaphase induces a stress response that inhibits further cell proliferation or induces apoptosis. This response is thought to protect against genomic instability and is important for the effects of anti-mitotic cancer drugs. Here, we show that mitotic arrest induces a caspase-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) at telomeres in non-apoptotic cells. This pathway is under the control of Mcl-1 and other Bcl-2 family proteins and requires caspase-9, caspase-3/7 and the endonuclease CAD/DFF40. The gradual caspase-dependent loss of the shelterin complex protein TRF2 from telomeres promotes a DDR that involves DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Suppression of mitotic telomere damage by enhanced expression of TRF2, or the inhibition of either caspase-3/7 or DNA-PK during mitotic arrest, promotes subsequent cell survival. Thus, we demonstrate that mitotic stress is characterised by the sub-apoptotic activation of a classical caspase pathway, which promotes telomere deprotection, activates DNA damage signalling, and determines cell fate in response to a prolonged delay in mitosis

Is Speed of Integration really a Success Factor of Mergers and Acquisitions? : An Analysis of the Role of Internal and External Relatedness

Previous research on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has neglected the issue of speed of post merger integration (PMI) by and large. This paper argues that there are benefits and detriments associated with speed of integration. Thus, in some situations speed may be highly beneficial whereas in others it may be harmful to the success of a merger or acquisition. It is argued that the benefits and detriments of speed of integration depend on the magnitude of internal and external relatedness between the merging firms prior to the merger or acquisition. Results from a survey of 232 horizontal mergers and acquisitions show that speed is most beneficial when external relatedness is low and at the same time internal relatedness is high. In contrast, speed is highly detrimental in the case of low internal and high external relatedness

Human performance and strategies while solving an aircraft routing and sequencing problem: an experimental approach

As airport resources are stretched to meet increasing demand for services, effective use of ground infrastructure is increasingly critical for ensuring operational efficiency. Work in operations research has produced algorithms providing airport tower controllers with guidance on optimal timings and sequences for flight arrivals, departures, and ground movement. While such decision support systems have the potential to improve operational efficiency, they may also affect users’ mental workload, situation awareness, and task performance. This work sought to identify performance outcomes and strategies employed by human decision makers during an experimental airport ground movement control task with the goal of identifying opportunities for enhancing user-centered tower control decision support systems. To address this challenge, thirty novice participants solved a set of vehicle routing problems presented in the format of a game representing the airport ground movement task practiced by runway controllers. The games varied across two independent variables, network map layout (representing task complexity) and gameplay objective (representing task flexibility), and verbal protocol, visual protocol, task performance, workload, and task duration were collected as dependent variables. A logistic regression analysis revealed that gameplay objective and task duration significantly affected the likelihood of a participant identifying the optimal solution to a game, with the likelihood of an optimal solution increasing with longer task duration and in the less flexible objective condition. In addition, workload appeared unaffected by either independent variable, but verbal protocols and visual observations indicated that high-performing participants demonstrated a greater degree of planning and situation awareness. Through identifying human behavior during optimization problem solving, the work of tower control can be better understood, which, in turn, provides insights for developing decision support systems for ground movement management