Traditional methods and related factors about postnatal baby care known and/or applied by married women living in Kiziltepe sub-province of Mardin province

Traditional practices are important health care problems performed by mothers during the postnatal period. This study performed with married women living in Kiziltepe sub-province of Mardin province. The aim of this study is to determine traditional medicine practices and factors related to baby care in the postnatal period which were used by married women living in Kiziltepe sub-province of Mardin province.In this cross-sectional study, a face to face conversation survey was conducted with 549 married women and 527 participants could be reached. Socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history and postnatal period infant care practices were recorded. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS package program, percentage average, chi-square analyses. The mean age of women was 36.77±12.39. The application rate of traditional practices increased when the educational levels of husbands were low, and as the mothers were getting old (p<0.05). Furthermore, women who had high number of children, who did not give birth in the hospital, and who tried to solve health problems by applying traditional practices instead of visiting the physician commonly. Conclusively, it was detected that the application rate of traditional postnatal practices which were applied by women living in Kiziltepe sub-province of Mardin province was high. There should be further studies in order to interfere with these harmful traditional practices

ROLE OF TEAMWORK FOR ACTIVE LEARNING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION

In engineering education, a project can rarely be completed without the involved students having to read extensively and search for extra information not available in their textbooks, lecture notes, or laboratory manuals. Students have to find extra information for their research-projects and combine them with their knowledge from the other courses. This important objective opens students’ eyes to the realization that the degree by which they have digested the fundamental ideas of their core lessons will dictate their ability to access more knowledge because they appear to face paradoxes when confronting new situations. The merits of teamwork have been sacrificed for the sake of giving the student a very clear idea of the meaning of scientific research and significance of published material. It is expected to aid the student in a future research-oriented career. Teamwork will increase the amount of time spent on out-of-class learning as defined by the student, can be more effective than in-class time, particularly if the focus is learning on higher order learning. The authors believe that the student will be sufficiently exposed to teamwork values during their future design projects.In engineering education, a project can rarely be completed without the involved students having to read extensively and search for extra information not available in their textbooks, lecture notes, or laboratory manuals. Students have to find extra information for their research-projects and combine them with their knowledge from the other courses. This important objective opens students’ eyes to the realization that the degree by which they have digested the fundamental ideas of their core lessons will dictate their ability to access more knowledge because they appear to face paradoxes when confronting new situations. The merits of teamwork have been sacrificed for the sake of giving the student a very clear idea of the meaning of scientific research and significance of published material. It is expected to aid the student in a future research-oriented career. Teamwork will increase the amount of time spent on out-of-class learning as defined by the student, can be more effective than in-class time, particularly if the focus is learning on higher order learning. The authors believe that the student will be sufficiently exposed to teamwork values during their future design projects

Outcomes of the chondral lesions of knee treated by microfracture technique and effective factors on the results

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the microfracture technique in the treatment of chondral lesions.Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed in 26 patients who had treated by arthroscopic microfracture technique for chondral lesions in the femoral condils between January 2003 and 2007september in our department. There were 11 females and 15 males with mean age of 37.2 years (range from 23 to 56 years). The average time between beginning of complaints and operation were 9.7 months (range from 3 to 35 months). The average of chondral lesions size were 1,6 cm2 (range from 0.7 to 2.4 mm2). The average follow-up period was 24.3 months (ranged from 10 to 44 months). Patients assessed according to subjective patient satisfaction and Lisholm scale at preoperative and postoperative time.Results: The mean Lysholm score increased from a preoperative 56.9 (range from 43 to 72) to a postoperative 77.9 (range from 62 to 100) (p<0.05). The rating was excellent in 9 patients (34.6%), good in 7 (27%) and fair in 10 (38.4%) according to Lysholm scale. All patients were satisfied with their knee function. The results of MRI taken at postoperative sixth month were proportional with patient’s satisfaction and Lysholm scores.Conclusion: Patients with excellent or good results had short symptom period, small chondral lesion and young age. Applied early microfracture technique in treatment of chondral lesions was a low cost, effective and successful treatment modalit

HYPOTONIC INFANT: CLINICAL AND ETIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Pediatri hekimlerinin özellikle yenidoğan döneminde sık karşılaştığı klinik tablolardan biriside hipotonidir. Hipotoniyi santral (beyin, beyin sapı ve servikal spinal bileşke) ve periferal hipotoni (ön boynuz hücreleri, periferik sinirler, nöromuskuler bileşke ve kaslar) olarak sınıflamak mümkündür. Ancak santral ve/veya periferal sinir sistemini etkileyebilen bazı multisistemik hastalıklar da klinik olarak hipotoni ile karşımıza çıkabilmektedirler. Hipotoniye neden olan durumların ortaya çıkartılmasında, nöroloji, genetik ve metabolizma bölümlerini içeren multidispliner yaklaşım gereklidir. Bu derlemede hipotoniye klinik yaklaşım ve sık görülen hipotoni nedenleri tartışılacaktır. Hypotonia is one of the frequent clinical finding that the pediatricians detected, especially in neonatal period. Hypotonia could be classified as central ( brain, brainstem and cervical spinal junction) and peripheral hypotonia (anterior horn cells, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction and muscles). However, multisystemic diseases that can affect central and/or peripheral nervous system may prove to a clinical hypotonia. Multidisciplinary approach is essential to detect the situations that can cause hypotonia, including neurology, genetic and metabolic disorders departments. In this study, the causes and the clinical approach to hypotonia were reviewed

AC servo motor speed and position control using Particle Swarm Optimization PSO

I n this article, a new design method, called Particle Swarm Optimization PSO , is used for the determination of PID control parameters; this is designated for the controlling of the speed and the position of the AC servomotor. For the determination of the decision parameters AC servomotors are mathematically modelled. Rise time, settling time, and overshoot are taken into consideration, during the optimization process. Controller’s performance is determined based on different criteria, such as, ITAE Integral of Time Weighted Absolute Error , IAE Integral of Absolute Error , ISE Integral of Squared Error and ITSE Integral of Time Weighted Squared Error . Superiority and accuracy of the proposed technique was verified by simulation results. In addition, considering the quality of the obtained results, proposed technique is found effective and strong in reduction of the error of motion control system

ZONISAMIDE EXPERIENCE IN PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY EPILEPSY

Amaç: Parsiyel epilepsisi bulunan, > 16 yaş hastalarda zonisamidin güvenilir ve etkin bir antiepileptik ilaç olduğu yapılan kontrollü çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Ancak literatürde zonisamidin çocuklarda kullanımı, etkinliği ve güvenilirliği ile ilgili yeterli sayıda çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Gereç ve yöntem: Ocak 2010-Aralık 2010 tarihleri arasında, diğer anti-epileptik ilaçlara yanıt alınamayan ve zonisamid tedavisi başlanan 10 dirençli epilepsi olgusunun tedavi sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Zonisamid, 2 mg/kg/gün ve 2 dozda başlanarak, haftalık 1-2 mg/kg/gün doz artışı yapılmış ve maksimum 12 mg/kg/gün dozunda kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: On hastanın (5 kız, 5 erkek) ortalama yaşı 9,7 yıl (min 4,7-max 17)'dir. 2/10 olgu idiyopatik, 3/10 olgu kriptojenik, 5/10 olgu semptomatik epilepsi olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Tedavi süresi ortalama 6,9 aydır. Olguların 6/10'u jeneralize, 4/10'u parsiyel epilepsi hastasıdır. Jeneralize ve parsiyel epilepsi gruplarında birer olguda ≥ %50 tedavi yanıtı görüldü. Parsiyel epilepsi olarak sınıflandırılan 1 olgunun ise nöbetsiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Zonisamid tedavisi süresince sadece 1 olguda geçici iştahsızlık ve kilo kaybı görüldüğü saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, antiepileptik ilaçlara yanıt alınamayan, özellikle parsiyel epilepsisi bulunan olgularda zonisamid tedavisinin etkili ve güvenli bir tedavi seçeneği olduğunu düşünmekle beraber daha çok olguyu kapsayan çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerektiği kanaatindeyiz. Objeçtive: It have shown with controlled studies that, zonisamide is a safe and effective antiepileptic drug in > 16 years of age patients with partial epilepsy. However, there is not enough study on the efficacy and safety of the use zonisamide with children, in literature. Material and method: The treatment results of 10 cases with refractory epilepsy, not responded to the other anti-epileptic drugs and zonisamide therapy was initiated, between January 2010-December 2010, were evaluated, The starting dose of zonisamide was 2 mg / kg / day, dose has been increased weekly by 1-2 mg / kg / day and a maximum of 12 mg / kg / day was used. Results: Ten patients (5 boys, 5 girls), mean age was 9.7 years (min 4.7-max 17 years). 2/ 10 of the cases idiopathic, 3 / 10 of the cases cryptogenic and 5 / 10 of the cases were classified as symptomatic epilepsy. The mean duration of treatment was 6.9 months. 6 / 10 of the cases were generalized and 4 / 10 of the cases were partial epilepsy patient. In each generalized and partial epilepsy groups, ≥ 50% treatment response was seen in one patients. One case who had been classified as partial epilepsy was found as seizure free. In only 1 case, temporary loss of appetite and weight loss was seen during zonisamide therapy. As a result, we thought that zonisamide is effective and safe treatment option, particularly in patients with partial epilepsy who did not respond to other antiepileptic drugs, but more studies are needed to support

IS ROLANDIC EPILEPSY ALWAYS A BENIGN DISEASE?

Rolandik epilepsi, çocukluk çağının sık görülen parsiyel epilepsisidir. Genellikle uykuda gelişen fokal ya da sekonder jeneralize nöbetler görülür. Elektroensefalografide, tek taraflı ya da bilateral sentro-temporal diken dalga deşarjlarının varlığı karakteristiktir. Olguların çoğunda, adolesan dönemde elektroensefalografik ve klinik bulguların normale dönmesi nedeniyle iyi seyirli olarak kabul edilmektedir. Nöbetlerin seyrek olarak görülmesi ve iyi prognozu nedeniyle anti-epileptik tedavi başlanması tartışmalıdır. Bu makalede Rolandik epilepsi bulguları ile izlenen, takipte uykunun elektriksel status epileptikusu, dil, ince motor ve kişisel sosyal alanlarda baskılanma bulguları gelişen bir olgu Rolandik epilepsi seyrinin her zaman iyi huylu olmayabileceğine dikkat çekmek amacıyla sunulmuştur Rolandic epilepsy is a common childhood partial epilepsy. Focal or secondary generalized seizures during sleep are usually developed. On electroencephalography, unilateral or bilateral presence of the centro-temporal spike-wave discharges are characteristic. In most cases, electroencephalographic and clinical findings are return to normal in adolescent period and is considered as a good prognosis. Due to the rare seizures and good prognosis treat with anti-epileptic therapy is controversial. In this study, we presented a patient with Rolandic epilepsy, who developed electrical status epilepticus during sleep, suppression of language, fine motor, and personal social areas to keep attention to the course of Rolandic epilepsy may not be always good-nature

TAY-SACHS HASTALIĞI BULUNAN BİR ERKEK ÇOCUĞUNDA MANYETİK REZONANS GÖRÜNTÜLEME BULGULARI

Tay-Sachs is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease that is caused by the mutations in the HEXA gene. Decreased ß-hexosaminidase A activity leads to the accumulation of the GM2 gangliosides in neuron cytoplasms and causes progressive neurologic dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging findings drastically change during the progression of the disease. At the early stage of the disease T2 weighted images demonstrate hyperintense lesions in basal ganglia or non-specific findings. In the late phase of the disease cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and basal ganglia and white matter T2 hyperintensities can be seen. In this paper, we reported a 17 month-old boy with Tay-Sachs disease whose clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings progressed in 5 months period. Tay-Sachs HEXA genindeki mutasyonların neden olduğu nörodejeneratif bir lizozomal depo hastalığıdır. ß-heksosaminidaz A aktivitesinin düşüklüğü nedeniyle nöron sitoplazmalarında GM2 gangliozid birikimi ve bunun sonucunda da ilerleyici nörolojik disfonksiyon gelişir. Hastalığın progresyonu ile birlikte beyin manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulguları da dramatik olarak değişir. Hastalığın erken dönemlerinde bazal ganglionlarda T2 ağırlıklı görüntülerde belirgin hiperintens lezyonlar ya da spesifik olmayan bulgular görülebilir. Hastalığı geç dönemlerinde ise serebral ve serebellar atrofi, bazal ganglion ve beyaz cevherde T2 hiperintens lezyonlar görülebilir. Bu makalede 5 aylık bir sürede klinik ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulguları ilerleyen 17 aylık bir TAY-Sachs hastalığı olgusu sunulmuştu

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI