Touch screen technology in the first three years

There has long been debate about the use of screen technology with young children. The first part of this paper reviews the literature currently available, looking at previous research about television viewing as well as emerging research about touch screens. The second part takes observation of three toddlers, ages 20-26 months, using iPads as well as playing with traditional toys and analyzes the differences in play and the developmental skills demonstrated by each

The Suits in Admiralty Act and the Implied Discretionary Function

Addressing increasing global environmental problems requires greater resource efficiency, and one way of working towards this is through industrial symbiosis. Industrial symbiosis means that companies collaborate through sharing of resources for collective benefits. The documented benefits of working with industrial symbiosis indicate that there is potential for companies to operate commercially with facilitation of industrial symbiosis. An interesting company to study within this context is Econova. Econova operates within the recycling and gardening industry and has been identified as a possible catalyst for industrial symbiosis. The aim of this study is to investigate how Econova can develop business opportunities through facilitation of industrial symbiosis at a regional level. A literature review was conducted with the aim of identifying important factors for facilitation of industrial symbiosis and previous research on industrial symbiosis from a business perspective. The literature shows that there are a number of barriers and success factors for facilitation of industrial symbiosis and that their character changes over time. Furthermore, eight types of key actors involved in the facilitation of industrial symbiosis were identified: champions, coordinators, physical and institutional anchor tenants, brokers, orchestrators, decomposers and scavengers. These key actors have different approaches for facilitation of industrial symbiosis and address different barriers and success factors. The literature review also shows that the research field of industrial symbiosis is relatively unexplored from a business perspective. Moreover, a review of facilitators in terms of companies involved in facilitation of industrial symbiosis operating in Europe was conducted with the aim of identifying approaches for facilitation of industrial symbiosis in practice. The review was conducted through inquiries to experts in the research field and resulted in the identification of six types of facilitators: knowledge companies, network coordinators, park coordinators, recycling companies, infrastructure companies and processing companies. These facilitators have different approaches for facilitation and act partly preparatory, partly supplying. The review further shows that there are no facilitators that combine a preparatory and supplying approach for facilitation of industrial ecosystems at a regional level. Furthermore, Econova’s current approach for facilitation was reviewed in an interview study with employees of the company. The result shows that Econova currently has a primarily supplying approach for facilitation which is concentrated on specific energy and material flows. The result further shows that Econova can be categorized as a recycling company, a broker, a scavenger and a decomposer and that the company has some features similar to the approaches for facilitation of knowledge companies and champions. Based on the literature review and the review of facilitators, a recommended approach for facilitation in the form of a business model was developed regarding how facilitators can develop business opportunities through facilitation of industrial symbiosis at a regional level. The recommended approach for facilitation combines a preparatory and supplying approach for facilitation. The prerequisites for the recommended approach for facilitation were then evaluated partly through an application of parts of the recommended approach for facilitation in a region, partly through an interview study in the region with stakeholders from the identified customer segments. The result of the study shows that it is possible to conduct the proposed activities of the recommended approach for facilitation with limited costs and that the value propositions of the recommended approach for facilitation address the needs of stakeholders and that there is an interest for the value propositions. The recommended approach for facilitation thus has the potential of being a tool for developing business opportunities through facilitation of industrial symbiosis at a regional level. However, it was only possible to conduct a limited evaluation of the prerequisites within the boundaries of this study and further evaluation is necessary to investigate the possibilities of implementing the value propositions in practice. Finally, Econova already has the prerequisites to implement parts of the recommended approach for facilitation. However, to enable application of all parts of the recommended approach for facilitation, Econova needs to expand its approach for facilitation either through additional key resources or additional key partnerships. With such a development Econova has the potential of contributing to greater resource efficiency at a regional level and the ability to help meet the growing global environmental problems.För att bemöta de ökande globala miljöproblemen krävs ökad resurseffektivitet och ett sätt att arbeta för detta är genom industriell symbios. Industriell symbios innebär att företag samarbetar genom utbyte av resurser för kollektiva nyttor. De dokumenterade fördelarna med att arbeta med industriell symbios indikerar att det finns potential för företag att arbeta kommersiellt med facilitering av industriell symbios. Ett intressant företag att studera inom denna kontext är Econova som är ett företag som bedriver verksamhet inom återvinnings- och trädgårdsbranschen och som tidigare har identifierats som en möjlig katalysator för industriell symbios. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur Econova kan utveckla affärer genom facilitering av industriell symbios på regional nivå. En litteraturstudie genomfördes med syfte att kartlägga viktiga faktorer vid facilitering av industriell symbios samt tidigare forskning kring industriell symbios ur ett affärsperspektiv. Litteraturstudien visar att det finns ett flertal hinder och framgångsfaktorer för facilitering av industriell symbios och att deras karaktär förändras över tid. Vidare identifierades åtta typer av nyckelaktörer som arbetar med facilitering av industriell symbios; eldsjälar, koordinatorer, fysiska och institutionella ankare, mäklare, dirigenter, destruenter och nekrofager. Nyckelaktörerna har olika faciliteringsansatser och adresserar olika hinder och framgångsfaktorer. Litteraturstudien visar vidare att forskningsområdet industriell symbios är relativt outforskat ur ett affärsperspektiv. Vidare genomfördes en kartläggning av facilitatorer i form av företag som arbetar med facilitering av industriell symbios och är verksamma i Europa med syfte att utreda hur facilitering av industriell symbios sker i praktiken. Kartläggningen genomfördes genom förfrågningar till experter inom forskningsområdet och resulterade i identifiering av sex typer av facilitatorer; kunskapsföretag, nätverkskoordinatorer, parkkoordinatorer, återvinningsföretag, infrastrukturföretag och processindustriföretag. Facilitatorerna har olika faciliteringsansatser och verkar dels beredande, dels levererande. Kartläggningen visar vidare att det saknas facilitatorer som kombinerar en beredande och levererande faciliteringsansats för facilitering av industriella ekosystem på regional nivå. Vidare genomfördes en kartläggning av Econovas nuvarande faciliteringsansats i form av en intervjustudie med anställda på företaget. Resultatet visar att Econova i dagsläget främst har en levererande faciliteringsansats som är koncentrerad till vissa energi- och materialflöden. Resultatet visar vidare att Econova kan kategoriseras som ett återvinningsföretag, en mäklare, en nekrofag och en destruent samt att företaget har vissa drag som påminner om kunskapsföretags respektive eldsjälars faciliteringsansatser. Utifrån litteraturstudien och kartläggningen av facilitatorer utvecklades en rekommenderad faciliteringsansats i form av en affärsmodell för hur facilitatorer kan utveckla affärer genom facilitering av industriell symbios på regional nivå. Den rekommenderade faciliteringsansatsen kombinerar en beredande och levererande faciliteringsansats. Förutsättningarna för den rekommenderade faciliteringsansatsen undersöktes därefter dels genom tillämpning av delar av den rekommenderade faciliteringsansatsen i en region, dels genom en intervjustudie i den aktuella regionen med intressenter ur de identifierade kundsegmenten. Resultatet från undersökningen visar att det är möjligt att genomföra de föreslagna aktiviteterna i den rekommenderade faciliteringsansatsen till en begränsad kostnad samt att den rekommenderade faciliteringsansatsens erbjudanden svarar mot respondenternas behov och att det finns ett intresse för erbjudandena. Den rekommenderade faciliteringsansatsen har därmed potential att vara ett verktyg för att utveckla affärer genom facilitering av industriell symbios på regional nivå. Dock var endast en begränsad undersökning av förutsättningarna möjlig att genomföra inom ramen för denna studie och det krävs en vidare undersökning av förutsättningarna för att utreda möjligheterna till realisering av erbjudandena i praktiken. Avslutningsvis har Econova redan i dagsläget förutsättningar för att tillämpa delar av den rekommenderade faciliteringsansatsen. För att möjliggöra tillämpning av samtliga delar behöver dock Econova utöka sin faciliteringsansats genom antingen kompletterande nyckelresurser eller nyckelpartnerskap. Med en sådan utveckling har Econova potential att bidra till ökad resurseffektivitet på regional nivå och att bidra till att bemöta de ökande globala miljöproblemen

Developing the International Association for Communication in Healthcare (EACH) to address current challenges of health communication

In 2017, EACH celebrated its change of name from European Association for Communication in Healthcare to EACH: International Association for Communication in Healthcare. This paper aims to present the developments and achievements of EACH over the past five years with a focus on its mission in promoting and advancing the field of communication in healthcare. Specifically, the paper focuses on how EACH, first, promotes research in the field of health communication, second, provides support, resources and sharing for healthcare communication teachers and, third, aims at influencing policy through dissemination of evidence. This paper also explores future challenges and directions for EACH to further strengthen its impact by designing activities in knowledge transfer and knowledge dissemination, engaging with patients and truly benefitting from their expertise, fostering active participation and networking among its members, targeting interventions to the needs of different countries around the world and refining knowledge-sharing and cooperation both within the membership of EACH and outside the association to as wide an audience as possible. Scholars, educators and practitioners active in the field of healthcare communication are invited to comment on this paper and to actively contribute towards the goals of EACH.PostprintPeer reviewe

Acesso e itinerários terapêuticos de indivíduos pós acidente vascular encefálico: o caso de Blumenau/SC

Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), é uma doença agressiva e uma das principais causas de incapacitação, internações e mortes em todo o mundo. Essa pesquisa objetivou conhecer os itinerários terapêuticos, pós alta hospitalar, dos indivíduos que sofreram AVE em Blumenau (SC), bem como seus encaminhamentos e orientações na alta hospitalar. Métodos: O estudo é caracterizado como pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, empregando como instrumento a entrevista semiestruturada com roteiro prescrito. Constituíram como participantes da pesquisa, vinte e dois indivíduos pós AVE que tiveram atendimento e alta hospitalar no município de Blumenau. Resultados: Os indivíduos em sua maioria do gênero masculino, foram acometidos por AVE de caráter isquêmico com faixa etária média de 59,5 anos. Constatou-se que a maioria inicia seu itinerário terapêutico retornando as suas unidades de saúde e que a sequência de seu percurso é variável. Foi identificado uma variedade de fluxos e tempos para o início do processo de reabilitação. Os encaminhamentos variaram desde o acompanhamento exclusivo de fisioterapia até ações multiprofissionais. Quanto ao tempo variou de 15 dias para o início do processo até aproximadamente um ano após alta. Quanto às orientações na alta hospitalar foram identificadas variações que vão da ausência total até sugestões de adaptações ergonômicas domiciliares. Porém, as mais frequentes estavam relacionadas a nutrição, posicionamento no leito e exercícios. Considerações finais: O estudo aponta discrepâncias quanto aos percursos, tempos e orientações na alta hospitalar dentre os indivíduos. Esta variação impacta diretamente no processo de reabilitação uma vez que indivíduos bem orientados e a continuidade de tratamento sem intervalo aumentam a perspectiva de uma recuperação com qualidade e autonomia

Managing Urology Consultations During COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of a Structured Care Pathway

OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate a risk-stratified triage pathway for inpatient urology consultations during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. This pathway seeks to outline a urology patient care strategy that reduces the transmission risk to both healthcare providers and patients, reduces the healthcare burden, and maintains appropriate patient care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consultations to the urology service during a 3-week period (March 16 to April 2, 2020) were triaged and managed via one of 3 pathways: Standard, Telemedicine, or High-Risk. Standard consults were in-person consults with non COVID-19 patients, High-Risk consults were in-person consults with COVID-19 positive/suspected patients, and Telemedicine consults were telephonic consults for low-acuity urologic issues in either group of patients. Patient demographics, consultation parameters and consultation outcomes were compared to consultations from the month of March 2019. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test and continuous variables using Mann-Whitney U test. A P value \u3c.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Between March 16 and April 2, 2020, 53 inpatient consultations were performed. By following our triage pathway, a total of 19/53 consultations (35.8%) were performed via Telemedicine with no in-person exposure, 10/53 consultations (18.9%) were High-Risk, in which we strictly controlled the urology team member in-person contact, and the remainder, 24/53 consultations (45.2%), were performed as Standard in-person encounters. COVID-19 associated consultations represented 18/53 (34.0%) of all consultations during this period, and of these, 8/18 (44.4%) were managed successfully via Telemedicine alone. No team member developed COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most urology consultations can be managed in a patient and physician safety-conscious manner, by implementing a novel triage pathway

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in 2014 July. It pursues three core programs: the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2), Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA), and the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). As well as its core program, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS). This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13). DR13 makes publicly available the first 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing the Sloan Extended QUasar, Emission-line galaxy, Luminous red galaxy Survey (SEQUELS), which also targeted variability-selected objects and X-ray-selected objects. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification, and new reductions of the SDSS-III APOGEE-1 data, improving stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. DR13 provides more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Value-added target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE are also available. This paper describes the location and format of the data and provides references to important technical papers. The SDSS web site, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials, examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6 yr operations of SDSS-IV

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in 2014 July. It pursues three core programs: the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2), Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA), and the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). As well as its core program, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS). This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13). DR13 makes publicly available the first 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing the Sloan Extended QUasar, Emission-line galaxy, Luminous red galaxy Survey (SEQUELS), which also targeted variability-selected objects and X-ray-selected objects. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification, and new reductions of the SDSS-III APOGEE-1 data, improving stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. DR13 provides more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Value-added target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE are also available. This paper describes the location and format of the data and provides references to important technical papers. The SDSS web site, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials, examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ∼6 yr operations of SDSS-IV

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2,MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA,the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. In addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions ofthe SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE.This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. The SDSS website, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.PostprintPeer reviewe

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July