Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.): An Important Medicinal and Aromatic Crop

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an annual forage legume and a traditional spice and aromatic crop that has been grown for centuries across the Indian subcontinent. In addition to South Asia, the crop is also grown in some parts of North Africa, Middle East, Mediterranean Europe, China, South East (SE) Asia, Australia, the USA, Argentina and Canada. The plant has been used traditionally in Indian Ayurvedic medicines as well as in traditional Tibetan and Chinese medication for several centuries. Modern research has also demonstrated that fenugreek seed and leaves are useful in the treatment of a number of diseases including successfully reducing blood sugar and blood cholesterol levels in both animals and humans. The plant has recently attracted great interest in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and functional food industries due to its rich medicinal properties

Seed production technology for fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in the Canadian prairies

xix, 184 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an annual legume mainly used as a spice crop in many parts of the world. "Tristar" is a new forage cultivar that requires - 120 days to produce mature seed in western Canada where only - 100 frost-free days are available. The goal for this study was to reduce maturity duration for the crop through a series of studies on the genetics and agronomic aspects of fenugreek. This two year study suggests that: 1)mutation breeding using Tristar seed as a base population could be successfull; 2)multi-location trials using world accessions exhibited genotype X environment interaction; 3)swathing of plants before freezing temperatures set in; 4)application of phosphate fertilizer increased seed yield and; 5)foliar sprays of chemicals can be used for production of high quality seed. In this study some short duration, high yielding and determine lines of fenugreek were produced improving the potential for use of fenugreek and the economics of beef production in western Canada

Clinical outcome after high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy with traditional point ‘A’ dose prescription in locally advanced carcinoma of uterine cervix: dosimetric analysis from the perspective of computed tomography imaging-based 3-dimensional treatment planning

Objective To analyze tumour response and toxicity with respect to cumulative radiotherapy dose to target and organs at risk (OARs) with computed tomography (CT)-based image guided adaptive brachytherapy planning for locally advanced carcinoma cervix. Methods Patients were treated with two-dimensional concurrent chemoradiotherapy to whole pelvis followed by intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) with dose prescription to point ‘A’. CT image-based delineation of high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV), urinary bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon was done with generation of dose-volume histogram (DVH) data and optimization of doses to target and OARs. Follow up assessments were done for response of disease and toxicity with generation of data for statistical analysis. Results One hundred thirty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Delineated volume of HR-CTV ranged from 20.9 to 37.1 mL, with median value of 30.2 mL. The equivalent dose in 2 Gy per fraction (EQD2) for point ‘A’ ranged from 71.31 to 79.75 Gy with median value of 75.1 Gy and EQD2 HR-CTV D90 ranged from 71.9 to 89.7 Gy with median value of 85.1 Gy. 69.2% of patients showed complete response and after median follow-up of 25 months, 50 patients remained disease free, of whom, 74.0% had received ≥85 Gy to HR-CTV D90 versus 26.0% receiving <85 Gy to HR-CTV D90. Conclusions Amidst the unavailability of magnetic resonance imaging facilities in low middle income countries, incorporation of CT-image based treatment planning into routine practice for ICBT provides the scope to delineate volumes of target and OARs and to generate DVH data, which can prove to be a better surrogate for disease response and toxicity

Caracterización de la actividad apícola en los principales municipios productores de miel en Campeche, México

In Mexico, beekeeping is one of the main activities of the agricultural sector due to its production of high quality honeywhich is exported to several European countries. Beekeeping is practiced by more than 40,000 producers; with aroundtwo million hives in apiaries distributed in the five honey producing regions of Mexico (North, Central and Highlands,Pacific, Gulf and Yucatan Peninsula). The Yucatan Peninsula comprising of Campeche, Quintana Roo and Yucatan, isconsidered as one the most important honey producing region since it contributes to about 95 % of Mexican honeyproduction in the international markets. The region represents to 30 to 35 % of the total number of Mexican bee colonies,and beekeeping is considered as a secondary agricultural activity. With the purpose of characterizing the beekeepingactivity in Campeche (in municipalities of Campeche, Champoton and Hopelchen), Yucatan Peninsula a comprehensivesurvey was conducted on 120 producers from July to December, 2016. The average age of beekeepers was found to be57 years, with an average of 2.27 apiaries per producer and with 20.6 hives per apiary. The survey revealed that beekeepers devote two days a week to beekeeping and make on an average 3.67 harvests per year. Based on the survey results, itis recommended to promote generational change in the local beekeeping activity, with stronger emphasis on the youngbeekeepers of the region.En México, la apicultura es una de las principales actividades del sector agropecuario debido a su producción de miel dealta calidad la cual es apreciada en diversos países de Europa. Esta actividad es practicada por más de 40000 productores,que cuentan con alrededor de dos millones de colmenas en apiarios distribuidos en las cinco regiones apícolas a nivelnacional (Norte, Centro y Altiplano, Pacífico, Golfo y Península de Yucatán). La península de Yucatán incluye losestados de Campeche, Yucatán y Quintana Roo, considerada como la región más importante debido a que destina cercadel 95 % de la producción de miel al mercado internacional. La región concentra del 30 al 35 % del total de las coloniasde abejas a nivel nacional y es considerada como una actividad secundaria. Con la finalidad de caracterizar la actividadapícola en Campeche (en municipios de Campeche, Champotón y Hopelchén), se aplicaron encuestas a 120 productoresde julio a diciembre del 2016. La edad promedio de los apicultores fue de 57 años, con un promedio de 2.27 apiarios porproductor, con 20.6 colmenas por apiario. Los apicultores dedican dos días a la semana a esta actividad y realizan enpromedio 3.67 cosechas por año. Con base en lo anterior, se recomienda fomentar el relevo generacional en la actividadapícola, que se enfoque en jóvenes apicultores

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe