A BIOPOLÍTICA COMO RACIONALIDADE DO LIBERALISMO:: CONEXÕES FOUCAULTIANAS

O filósofo francês Michel Foucault (1926 – 1984) em seus cursos ministrados na prestigiosa instituição Collège de France destacou o ponto chave entre “estado territorial” e “população” e o consequente aumento da importância da vida da nação como um problema específico do poder soberano que progressivamente torna-se Estado Liberal. Partindo das análises foucaultianas das transformações do conceito de vida, biopoder e segurança pretende-se demonstrar a genealogia da racionalidade política moderna do liberalismo na sua feição Biopolítica

Estimativa do volume total de madeira em espécies de eucalipto a partir de imagens de satélite Landsat

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987566Models relating spectral answers with biophysical parameters aim estimate variables, like wood volume, without the necessity of frequent field measurements. The objective was to develop models to estimate wood volume by Landsat 5 TM images, supported by regional forest inventory data. The image was geo-referenced and converted to spectral reflectance. After, the images-index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and SR (Simple Ratio) was generated. The reflectance values of the bands (TM1, TM2, TM3 e TM4 ) and of the indices (NDVI and SR) was related with the wood volume. The biggest correlation with volume was with the NDVI and SR indices. The variables selection was made by Stepwise method, which returned three regression models as significant to explain the variation in volume. Finally, the best fitted model was selected (volume = -830,95 + 46,05 (SR) + 107,47 (TM2)), which was applied on the Landsat image where the pixels had started to represent the estimated volume in m³/ha on the Eucalyptus sp. production units. This model, significant at 95% confidence level, explains 68% of the wood volume variation.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987566Modelos relacionando respostas espectrais com parâmetros biofísicos visam estimar variáveis, tais como volume de madeira, sem a necessidade de avaliações constantes em campo. Objetivou-se desenvolver modelos estimadores de volume de madeira a partir de imagens TM do Landsat 5, com base em dados de inventário florestal regional. A imagem foi georreferenciada e convertida para imagem reflectância espectral. Em seguida, foram geradas as imagens índice NDVI (índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada) e SR (razão simples). Os valores das reflectâncias das bandas (TM1, TM2, TM3 e TM4) e dos índices (NDVI e SR) foram relacionados com os volumes de madeira. As maiores correlações com volume foram com os índices NDVI e SR. A seleção de variáveis foi feita pelo método Stepwise, o qual retornou três modelos de regressão como significativos para explicar a variação em volume. Por fim, selecionou-se o modelo com melhor ajuste (volume = -830,95 + 46,05 × (SR) + 107,47 × (TM2)), o qual foi aplicado sobre a imagem Landsat onde os pixels passaram a representar o volume estimado em m3/ha nas unidades de produção de Eucalyptus sp. Este modelo, significativo ao nível de 95 % de confiança, explica 68 % da variação de volume de madeira

Uma leitura spinozana da educação como um dos esforços conativos do estado

The philosophy of Benedictus de Spinoza (1632 - 1677) has been interpreted in various ways by scholars. These new meanings constructed from concepts found in the works of Spinoza, gives us an edge investigative considering the educational process and its facets. Thus, based on the exposure of the main concepts of this political philosopher conceptualize education as a conative state efforts.A filosofia de Benedictus de Spinoza (1632 – 1677) tem sido interpretada de diversas maneiras pelos estudiosos. Esses novos sentidos construídos a partir de conceitos encontrados na obra de Spinoza, nos oferece uma margem investigativa tendo em vista o processo educativo e suas facetas. Assim, tomando por base a exposição dos principais conceitos políticos do referido filósofo conceitualizaremos a educação como um dos esforços conativos do Estado

A relação mente-corpo: variações sobre um tema de Spinoza

Título original: La relazione mente-corpo. Variazioni su um tema di Spinoza. Publicado originalmente na revista TEORIA – RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA, XXXII, 2012.2, p. 7-14. Publication authorized by the author and Mr. Adriano Fabris (Editor)

O Protagonismo Infantojuvenil nos Processos Educomunicativos

Neste volume “O protagonismo infantojuvenil nos processos educomunicativos”, reunimos 53 artigos que transitam sobre a temática do protagonismo infantojuvenil em diversas experiências e processos educomunicativos e para facilitar sua leitura e busca por temas de seu interesse, eles estão organizados em 8 capítulos que abordam a educomunicação a partir do fazer das crianças e da apropriação da produção midiática. Expressão artística, rádio, vídeo, jornalismo, cultura digital, redes sociais entre outros são os temas abordados pelos autores destes trabalhos. convidamos o leitor a mergulhar nesta jornada educomunicativa, vivendo e revivendo junto conosco essas experiências vividas por outros, refletindo em cada texto sobre como estamos, como evoluímos e como seguimos os passos daqueles que com sua ousadia, amor e luta elaboraram os fundamentos da educomunicação

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data