68 research outputs found

    Wild sunflower and goat weed leaf meals composite-mix supplementation in broiler chickens: effects on performance, health status and meat

    Get PDF
    Article Details: Received: 2020-04-02 | Accepted: 2020-06-19 | Available online: 2020-12-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.04.205-212Three hundred 1-day old Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five experimental diets (60 birds/diet; 10 birds/ replicate) using a completely randomized design to assess the effects of wild sunflower and goat weed leaf meals composite mix (CLM) in broiler chickens. At the starter and finisher phases, a basic diet was formulated, divided into five equal parts and tagged diets 1 to 5. Diets 1 and 2 had 0% and 1.1% Oxytetracycline (Oxyt) supplementation; while the diets 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% CLM, respectively. In starter and finisher phases, the highest (P 0.05) to those fed 0.4% CLM, but significantly better (P <0.05) the birds fed the control diet. The dietary CLM supplementation caused increased (P <0.05) serum catalase and glutathione peroxidase concentration. The meat cholesterol levels of the birds were significantly (P <0.05) reduced by dietary CLM supplementation. Conclusively, the CLM supplementation at 0.8% and 1.2% enhanced the BWG. CLM supplementation at 0.4%, 0.8 and 1.2% increased the serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity and reduced the broiler’s meat cholesterol.Keywords: phytogens, avian, performance, health status, growth promotersReferencesADETUYI, F.O., KARIGIDI, K.O., AKINTIMEHIN, E.S. and ADEYEMO, O.N. (2018) Antioxidant properties of Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae leaves. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 53(4), 265–276.AEBI, H. (1974) Catalase estimation. In: Bergmeyer HV (ed) Methods of enzymatic analysis. Verlag Chemic, New York Academic Press, New York.AGIDA, G.O., FORCADOS, G.E., USMAN Y., MURAINA, I., OTTOR, M., SAMUEL, A.L., USMAN, A.S., MAKOSHI, M.S., ATIKU, A.A., GOTEP, J.G., EKUNDAYO, G.N., OLADIPO, O.O., MANCHA, M.D., OZELE, N., DIUGWU, J., MAKAMA, S., AKPOJOSEVBE, J., TONDO, B. and ELISHA, I.L. (2017). Proximate, antinutritional and mineral composition of some plants growing in Vom, Nigeria. Researchjournali’s Journal of Agriculture, 4(8), 1–8.AOAC. (1995). Association of official analytical chemistry, official methods of analysis (16th ed.). Washington, DC: AuthorBAMISHAIYE, E.I., OLAYEMI, F.F., AWAGU, E.F. and BAMISHAIYE, O.M. (2011). Proximate and Phytochemical Composition of Moringa oleifera Leaves at Three Stages of Maturation. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 3(4), 233–237.BOHM, B.A. and KOCIPAI‐ABYAZAN, C. (1994). Flavonoids and condensed tannin from leaves of Hawaiian Vaccinum vaticulatum and V. calycinium. Pacific Science, 48, 458–463.BRUNNER, J.H. (1984). Direct spectrophotometer determination of saponin. Animal Chemistry, 34,1324–1326.DELLES, R.M., XIONG, Y.L., TRUE, A.D., AO, T. and DAWSON, K.A. (2014). Dietary antioxidant supplementation enhances lipid and protein oxidative stability of chicken broiler meat through promotion of antioxidant enzyme activity. Poultry Science, 93:1561–1570.FASUYI, A.O., DAIRO, F.A.S. and IBITAYO, F.J. (2010). Ensiling wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) leaves with sugar cane molasses. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 22, 3. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/3/fasu22042.htmGLAMOCLIJ, N., SEVIC, K., BALTIC, B., BOSKOVIC, M., JANJIC, J., DJORDJEVIC, V. and MARKOVIC, R. (2016). Effects of phytobiotics on Cobb broiler production results, meatiness, and chemical composition. Meat Technology,57(2),89–94.GUTIERREZ, R.M., BALLADA, K. and PATACSIL, M. (2015). The antibacterial property of Tithonia diversifolia (Wild Sunflower) extract from Baguio-Benguet areas in the Philippines, in response to exposure to vehicular traffic. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, and Environmental Sciences, 17(1), 43–52.GYAMFI, M.A., YONAMINE, M. and ANIYA, Y. (1999). Free radical scavenging action of medicinal herbs from Ghana: thonningia sanguine on experimentally induced liver injuries. General Pharmacology, 32,661–667.HASHEMI, S.R. and DAVOODI, H. (2010). Phytogenics as new class of feed additive in poultry industry. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9, 2295–2304.HUSSAIN, J., KHAN, A.L., REHMAN, N., HAMAYUN, M., SHAN, T., NISAR, M., BANO, T., SHINWARI, Z.K. and LEE, I. (2009). Proximate and nutrient analysis of selected vegetable species: A case study of Karak region, Pakistan. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8,12, 2725–2729.IGNAT, I., VOLF, I. and POPA, I.V. (2013). Analytical Methods of Phenolic Compounds. In: Ramawat K., MĂ©rillon JM, editors. 2061–2092. Natural Products. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6KOSTADINOVIĆ, L., LEVIC, J., POPOVIC, S., CABARKAPA, I., PUVACA N., DURAGIC, O. and KORMAJOS, S. (2015). Dietary inclusion of Artemisia absinthium for management of growth performance, antioxidative status and quality of chicken meat. European Poultry Science, 79.  https://doi.org/10.1399/eps.2015.75LORDING, P.M and FRIEND, S.C.E. (1991). Interpretation of laboratory results. Australian Veterinary Practitioner, 21,188–193.MARCINČÁK, S., POPEKLA, P., ZDOLEC, N., MARTONOVA, M., SIMKOVA, J. and MARCINCAKOVA, D. (2011) Effect of supplementation of phytogenic feed Additives on performance parameters and meat Quality of broiler chickens. Slovenian Veterinary Research, 48(1), 27–34.MISRA, H.P. and FRIDOVICH, I. (1972) The univalent reduction of oxygen by flavins and quinines. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. vol. 247, pp.188–192.MOHITI-ASLI, M. and GHANAATPARAST-RASHTI, M. (2017) Comparison of the effect of two phytogenic compounds on growth performance and immune response of broilers. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45(1), 603–608.NRC. (1994) Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th Revised edn. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.ODEDIRE, J.A. and OLOIDI, F.F. (2011). Processing wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) leaves as forage supplement in ruminant diet: effect of air-drying method on antinutritive components. SAADC 2011 strategies and challenges for sustainable animal agriculture-crop systems, Volume III: full papers. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on sustainable animal agriculture for developing countries, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, 26–29 July, 2011.ODUNSI, A.A., FARINU, G.O. and AKINOLA, J.O. (1996). Influence of dietary wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia Helms A.Gray) leaf meal on layers performance and egg quality. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 25, 28–32.OLAYENI, T.B., FARINU, G.O., TOGUN, V.A., ADEDEJI, O.S. and ADERINOLA, A.O. (2006) Performance and haematological characteristics of weaner pigs fed wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia hemsl A Gray) leaf meal. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5(6) 499–502.OLORUNTOLA, O.D., AGBEDE, J.O., AYODELE, S.O. and OLORUNTOLA, D.A. (2018). Neem, pawpaw, and bamboo leaf meal dietary supplementation in broiler chickens: Effect on performance and health status. Journal of Food Biochemistry. e12723. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12723OLORUNTOLA, O.D., AYODELE, S.O., ADEYEYE S.A, JIMOH, A.O., OLORUNTOLA, D.A. and OMONIYI, S.I. (2020). Pawpaw leaf and seed meals composite mix dietary supplementation: effects on broiler chicken’s performance, caecum microflora, and blood analysis. Agroforestry Systems, 94, 555–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-019-00424-1OLUWASOLA, T.A. and DAIRO, F.A.S. (2016). Proximate composition, amino acid profile and some anti-nutrients of Tithonia diversifolia cut at two different times. African Journal of Agriculture and Research, 11(38), 3659–3663.OMOKHUA, A.G., ABDALLA, M.A., VAN STADEN, J. and McGAW, L.J. (2018). A comprehensive study of the potential phytomedicinal use and toxicity of invasive Tithonia species in South Africa. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18, 272. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2336-0ONYIMONYI, A.E., CHUKWUMA, P.C. and CHINENYE, I (2012). Growth and hypocholesterolemic properties of dry garlic powder (Allium sativum) on broilers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(11), 2666-2671.OSUNTOKUN, O.T., JEMILAIYE, T.A., YUSUF-BABATUNDE, A.M. and AKELE, E.O. (2018). Antimicrobial properties, phytochemical composition, and phenotypic resistance pattern of selected enteropathogenic microorganism on Ageratum conyzoides (Goat weed) leaf extract. International Journal of Microbiology, 7(2),18–128.PULIDO, R., BRAVO, L. and SAURA-CALIXTO, F. (2002). Antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols as determined by a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 48, 3396–3402.PUVACA, N., Lj. KOSTADINOVIC, LJ., POPOVIC, S., LEVIC, J., LJUBOJEVIC, D., TUFARELLI, V., JOVANOVIC, R., TASIC, T., IKONIC, P. and LUKAC, D (2015). Proximate composition, cholesterol concentration and lipid oxidation of meat from chickens fed dietary spice addition (Allium sativum, Piper nigrum, Capsicum annuum). Animal Production Science, 56(11), 1920–1927.ROTRUCK, J.T., POPE, A.L., GANTHER, H.E., SWANSON, A.B., HAFEMAN, D.G. and HOEKSTRA, W.G. (1973). Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science, 179, 588–590.SANTOS, R.F., NUNES,B.M., SA, R.D., SOARES, L.A.L. and RANDAU, K.P. (2016). Morpho-anatomical study of Ageratum conyzoides. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 26, 679–687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.07.002SHAILAJAN, S., WADKE, P., JOSHI, H. and TIWARI, B. (2013). Evaluation of quality and efficacy of an ethnomedicinal plant Ageratum conyzoides L. in the management of pediculosis. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 5(4), 139–143.SHASTRY, G.A. (1983). Veterinary clinical pathology (2nd ed.). New Delhi, India: CBS Publishers and Distributors.SHEN, M., XIE, Z., JIA, M., LI, A., HAN, H., WANG, T. and ZHANG, L. (2019). Effect of Bamboo leaf extract on antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broiler chickens. Animals, 9, 699.SOFOWORA, A. (1993). Medicinal Plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan.TIJANI, L.A., AKANJI, A.M., AGBALAYA, K. and ONIGEMO, M. (2015). Haematological and serum biochemical profiles of broiler chickens fed diets containing moringa leaf meals. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Extension, 14(3), 7–11.TUNGMUNNITHUM, D., THONGBOONYOU, A., PHOLBOON, A. and YANGSABAI (2018) Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical and Medical Aspects: An Overview. Medicines (Basel), 5(3), 93.VALENZUELA-GRIJALVA, N.V., PINELLI-SAAVEDRA, A., MUHLIA-ALMAZAN, A., DOMINGUEZ-DIAZ, D. and GONZALEZRIOS, H. (2017). Dietary inclusion effects of phytochemicals as growth promoters in animal production. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 59, 8.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-017-0133-

    Capital Flight and the Economic Growth: Evidence From Nigeria

    Full text link
    This research examined the impact of capital flight and its determinants on the Nigerian economy using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze data source from the period of 1981 to 2015. The variables included current account balance, capital flight, foreign direct investments, foreign reserve, inflation rate, external debt, and the real gross domestic product. It was to examine the existence of a long run relationship among the variables studied. The result indicates that capital flight has a negative impact on the economic growth of Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for government to implement policies that will promote domestic investment and discourage capital flight from Nigeria

    A population-based estimation of maternal mortality in Lagos State, Nigeria using the indirect sisterhood method.

    Get PDF
    BACKGROUND: Pregnancy and delivery deaths represent a risk to women, particularly those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This population-based survey was conducted to provide estimates of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Lagos Nigeria. METHODS: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in mapped Wards and Enumeration Areas (EA) of all Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Lagos, among 9,986 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from April to August 2022 using a 2-stage cluster sampling technique. A semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire adapted from nationally representative surveys was administered using REDCap by trained field assistants for data collection on socio-demographics, reproductive health, fertility, and maternal mortality. Data were analysed using SPSS and MMR was estimated using the indirect sisterhood method. Ethical approval was obtained from the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Health Research and Ethics Committee. RESULTS: Most of the respondents (28.7%) were aged 25-29 years. Out of 546 deceased sisters reported, 120 (22%) died from maternal causes. Sisters of the deceased aged 20-24 reported almost half of the deaths (46.7%) as due to maternal causes, while those aged 45-49 reported the highest number of deceased sisters who died from other causes (90.2%). The total fertility rate (TFR) was calculated as 3.807, the Lifetime Risk (LTR) of maternal death was 0.0196 or 1-in-51, and the MMR was 430 per 100,000 [95% CI: 360-510]. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the maternal mortality rate for Lagos remains unacceptable and has not changed significantly over time in actual terms. There is need to develop and intensify community-based intervention strategies, programs for private hospitals, monitor MMR trends, identify and contextually address barriers at all levels of maternal care

    Identification, Replication, and Fine-Mapping of Loci Associated with Adult Height in Individuals of African Ancestry

    Get PDF
    Adult height is a classic polygenic trait of high heritability (h2 ∌0.8). More than 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified mostly in populations of European descent, are associated with height. These variants convey modest effects and explain ∌10% of the variance in height. Discovery efforts in other populations, while limited, have revealed loci for height not previously implicated in individuals of European ancestry. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) results for adult height in 20,427 individuals of African ancestry with replication in up to 16,436 African Americans. We found two novel height loci (Xp22-rs12393627, P = 3.4×10−12 and 2p14-rs4315565, P = 1.2×10−8). As a group, height associations discovered in European-ancestry samples replicate in individuals of African ancestry (P = 1.7×10−4 for overall replication). Fine-mapping of the European height loci in African-ancestry individuals showed an enrichment of SNPs that are associated with expression of nearby genes when compared to the index European height SNPs (P<0.01). Our results highlight the utility of genetic studies in non-European populations to understand the etiology of complex human diseases and traits

    Correction: Identification, Replication, and Fine-Mapping of Loci Associated with Adult Height in Individuals of African Ancestry

    Get PDF
    Adult height is a classic polygenic trait of high heritability (h 2 ∌0.8). More than 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified mostly in populations of European descent, are associated with height. These variants convey modest effects and explain ∌10% of the variance in height. Discovery efforts in other populations, while limited, have revealed loci for height not previously implicated in individuals of European ancestry. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) results for adult height in 20,427 individuals of African ancestry with replication in up to 16,436 African Americans. We found two novel height loci (Xp22-rs12393627, P = 3.4×10−12 and 2p14-rs4315565, P = 1.2×10−8). As a group, height associations discovered in European-ancestry samples replicate in individuals of African ancestry (P = 1.7×10−4 for overall replication). Fine-mapping of the European height loci in African-ancestry individuals showed an enrichment of SNPs that are associated with expression of nearby genes when compared to the index European height SNPs (P<0.01). Our results highlight the utility of genetic studies in non-European populations to understand the etiology of complex human diseases and traits

    Association of genetic variation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure among African Americans: the Candidate Gene Association Resource study

    Get PDF
    The prevalence of hypertension in African Americans (AAs) is higher than in other US groups; yet, few have performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in AA. Among people of European descent, GWASs have identified genetic variants at 13 loci that are associated with blood pressure. It is unknown if these variants confer susceptibility in people of African ancestry. Here, we examined genome-wide and candidate gene associations with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) using the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) consortium consisting of 8591 AAs. Genotypes included genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data utilizing the Affymetrix 6.0 array with imputation to 2.5 million HapMap SNPs and candidate gene SNP data utilizing a 50K cardiovascular gene-centric array (ITMAT-Broad-CARe [IBC] array). For Affymetrix data, the strongest signal for DBP was rs10474346 (P= 3.6 × 10−8) located near GPR98 and ARRDC3. For SBP, the strongest signal was rs2258119 in C21orf91 (P= 4.7 × 10−8). The top IBC association for SBP was rs2012318 (P= 6.4 × 10−6) near SLC25A42 and for DBP was rs2523586 (P= 1.3 × 10−6) near HLA-B. None of the top variants replicated in additional AA (n = 11 882) or European-American (n = 69 899) cohorts. We replicated previously reported European-American blood pressure SNPs in our AA samples (SH2B3, P= 0.009; TBX3-TBX5, P= 0.03; and CSK-ULK3, P= 0.0004). These genetic loci represent the best evidence of genetic influences on SBP and DBP in AAs to date. More broadly, this work supports that notion that blood pressure among AAs is a trait with genetic underpinnings but also with significant complexit

    Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits

    Get PDF
    Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.Peer reviewe

    The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals

    Get PDF
    To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target-organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure loci, of which 17 were novel and 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target-organ damage in multiple tissues, with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classic renal system in blood pressure regulation

    A Meta-analysis of Gene Expression Signatures of Blood Pressure and Hypertension

    Get PDF
    Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered numerous genetic variants (SNPs) that are associated with blood pressure (BP). Genetic variants may lead to BP changes by acting on intermediate molecular phenotypes such as coded protein sequence or gene expression, which in turn affect BP variability. Therefore, characterizing genes whose expression is associated with BP may reveal cellular processes involved in BP regulation and uncover how transcripts mediate genetic and environmental effects on BP variability. A meta-analysis of results from six studies of global gene expression profiles of BP and hypertension in whole blood was performed in 7017 individuals who were not receiving antihypertensive drug treatment. We identified 34 genes that were differentially expressed in relation to BP (Bonferroni-corrected p&lt;0.05). Among these genes, FOS and PTGS2 have been previously reported to be involved in BP-related processes; the others are novel. The top BP signature genes in aggregate explain 5%–9% of inter-individual variance in BP. Of note, rs3184504 in SH2B3, which was also reported in GWAS to be associated with BP, was found to be a trans regulator of the expression of 6 of the transcripts we found to be associated with BP (FOS, MYADM, PP1R15A, TAGAP, S100A10, and FGBP2). Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that the BP-related global gene expression changes include genes involved in inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways. Our study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying BP regulation, and suggests novel transcriptomic markers for the treatment and prevention of hypertension
    • 

    corecore