PRODUCCIÓN Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE Dahlia variabilis Cav., EN MACETA EN LAS ALTAS MONTAÑAS DE VERACRUZ, MÉXICO

Cultivation of the dahlia flower (Dahlia variabilis) in the high mountains of Veracruz, México, represents a high economic potential for the families in the region, because they can benefit from the climate conditions of the region, through cultivation systems in pots when commercializing this beautiful and traditional Mexican flower. The opportunities for local producers to add production value are determined from empirical knowledge and acquired through experimentation, to implement and maintain the dahlia flower crop in pots. In this article the stages of cultivation are described, from germination to commercialization, including key variables to be monitored, such as photoperiod, integral managementof pests, environmental management and moisture of the substrate in the pots.El cultivo de la flor de dalia (Dahlia variabilis) en las altas montañas de Veracruz, México, representa un alto potencial económico para las familias de la región, porque pueden beneficiarse de las condiciones climáticas de la región, mediante sistemas de cultivo en maceta al comercializar esta bella y tradicional flor mexicana. Las oportunidades de los productores locales para agregar valor de producción, se determina a partir de los conocimientos empíricos y adquiridos con la experimentación, para implementar y mantener el cultivo de flor de dalia en maceta. En este artículo se describen las etapas del cultivo, desde la germinación hasta la comercialización, incluyendo variables claves a monitorear, tales como el fotoperiodo, manejo integrado de plagas, manejo ambiental y humedad del sustrato en las macetas

PRODUCCIÓN DE TELÉFONO (Epipremnum aureum) EN MACETA

The objective of the research was to know the process of pothos production (Epipremnum aureum), to evaluate fertilization doses and the application of gibberellic acid as a growth stimulator. Also, we aimed to make ornamental designs to give an added value to this ornamental species. The cuttings of the plant were collected in the ornamental species production areas of Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. In the greenhouse and with double plastic, the cuttings were established in water and then in pots with nutritious solution, placing four plants per pot. Foliar fertilization and irrigation by microaspertion were applied. Temperature, relative humidity and light were recorded every day. The growth of pothos plants were restricted by the low average temperature (15 °C) during the period evaluated. Gibberellic acid had no influence telephone growth. Pothos plants survived the low temperatures by good management of relative humidity, light intensity, and fertilization. These conditions allowed the plants to maintain their quality, and could be managed to make ornamental designs and give added value to the plants from 6 to 60 Mexican pesos.La investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer el proceso de producción de teléfono (Epipremnum aureum), evaluar dosis de fertilización y la aplicación de ácido giberélico como estimulador del crecimiento. Además, hacer diseños ornamentales para dar un valor agregado a esta especie ornamental. Los esquejes de la planta fueron colectados en las zonas de producción de especies ornamentales de Córdoba, Veracruz, México. En invernadero y con doble plástico, los esquejes fueron establecidos en agua y luego en macetas con solución nutritiva, colocando cuatro plantas por maceta. Posteriormente se aplicó fertilización foliar y riego por microasperción. Se registraron diariamente los valores de temperatura, humedad relativa y luminosidad. El crecimiento del teléfono se vio restringido por la baja temperatura promedio (15 °C) durante el periodo evaluado. El ácido giberélico no tuvo influencia el crecimiento de teléfono. Las plantas de teléfono sobrevivieron a las bajas temperaturas por el buen manejo de la humedad relativa, intensidad de luz, y fertilización. Estas condiciones permitieron que las plantas mantuvieran su calidad, y que pudieran manejarse para hacer diseños ornamentales y dar un valor agregado al teléfono de 6 pesos hasta 60 pesos

LA FLORICULTURA TROPICAL: UN COMPLEMENTO DEL TURISMO RURAL EN LA ZONA CENTRO DEL ESTADO DE VERACRUZ, MÉXICO

Floriculture in the central area of the state of Veracruz, Mexico is a good complement to rural tourism when undertaking strategies of value added. In the College of Postgraduates an investigation was carried out to know the flower species and to offer alternatives to the floriculturists, which are disclosed through a course that teaches some of the possibilities of adding value to the flower stems. A total of 28 ornamental species were found and the results of a postharvest experiment are reported. Flowers increase their value if they are marketed as floral designs. Thus, the municipalities of the central area of the state of Veracruz can take advantage of floristic resources with the sale of flowers, and explore the use of floriculture as a complement to rural tourism services as an economic strategy and to strengthen the floriculture sector.La floricultura de la zona centro del estado de Veracruz, México es un buen complemento del turismo rural al emprender estrategias de agregación de valor. En el Colegio de Postgraduados se realizó una investigación tendiente a conocer las especies de flores y a brindar alternativas a los floricultores, mismas que se divulgan mediante un curso que enseña algunas de las posibilidades de agregar valor a los tallos florales. Se encontraron 28 especies de ornamentales y se reportan los resultados de un experimento postcosecha. Las flores incrementan su valor si se comercializan como diseños florales. Así los municipios de la zona centro del estado de Veracruz pueden aprovechar los recursos florísticos con la venta de flores, y se explora el uso de la floricultura como complemento de los servicios de turismo rural como estrategia económica y de fortalecimiento del sector florícola

Cultivo de Maracas (Zingiber spp.) en la floricultura tropical

La floricultura tropical en México es incipiente, pero tiene gran potencial comercial en diversas áreas del trópico húmedo del país. Las maracas (Zingiber spp.) son excelente opción para productores que desean diversificar o innovar sus sistemas de producción. En este trabajo se describen brevemente las principales variedades de maracas, recomendaciones acerca de la tecnología de producción, para lograr producciones rentables, y el manejo postcosecha de los tallos florales comerciales que garanticen su calidad

Design of an orchid conservation trail in Ixtaczoquitlán, Veracruz, Mexico

Objective: To raise awareness about the ecological importance of orchids and to promote the species commercialized by a company focused on their production through the design of a trail. Design/Methodology/Approach: A diagnosis of the plot was carried out to identify its characteristics and points of interest. A trail was designed to connect the most outstanding points. Native trees, which are the habitat of orchids, were subsequently planted to establish the outdoor collections. Results: The appeal of the place and the established phorophytes were taken into consideration to design the trail. Likewise, recommendations were made on what species of orchids should be planted in each station along the trail. Study Limitations/Implications: Evaluating visitor experience is pending. The trail lacks infrastructure for people with disabilities. The trail is located in an area subjected to anthropization and it will take several years before orchids can be established on the trees planted in July 2023. Findings/Conclusions: Trails are a useful tool to promote the conservation of native orchids; however, under anthropization conditions, it should be subjected to a systematized implementation to provide the climate and phorophyte conditions necessary for the survival of orchids

Ecosystem services provided by bromeliad plants: A systematic review.

The unprecedented loss of biological diversity has negative impacts on ecosystems and the associated benefits which they provide to humans. Bromeliads have high diversity throughout the Neotropics, but they have been negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, invasive species, and commercialization for ornamental purpose. These plants provide direct benefits to the human society, and they also form microecosystems in which accumulated water and nutrients support the communities of aquatic and terrestrial species, thus maintaining local diversity. We performed a systematic review of the contribution of bromeliads to ecosystem services across their native geographical distribution. We showed that bromeliads provide a range of ecosystem services such as maintenance of biodiversity, community structure, nutrient cycling, and the provisioning of food and water. Moreover, bromeliads can regulate the spread of diseases, and water and carbon cycling, and they have the potential to become important sources of chemical and pharmaceutical products. The majority of this research was performed in Brazil, but future research from other Neotropical countries with a high diversity of bromeliads would fill the current knowledge gaps and increase the generality of these findings. This systematic review identified that future research should focus on provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that have been currently overlooked. This would enhance our understanding of how bromeliad diversity contributes to human welfare, and the negative consequences that loss of bromeliad plants can have on communities of other species and the healthy functioning of the entire ecosystems

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative sars-cov-2 infection: An international cohort study

Background The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (740%) had emergency surgery and 280 (248%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (261%) patients. 30-day mortality was 238% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (512%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 380% (219 of 577), accounting for 817% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 175 [95% CI 128-240], p<00001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (230 [165-322], p<00001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (235 [157-353], p<00001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (155 [101-239], p=0046), emergency versus elective surgery (167 [106-263], p=0026), and major versus minor surgery (152 [101-231], p=0047). Interpretation Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Laelia anceps Lindl. (Orchidaceae) adaptation on phorophytes within an anthropized landscape, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, Mexico

Objective: To determine the best phorophyte species for the adaptation of the Laelia anceps Lindl orchid. (Orchidaceae) in an anthropized landscape. Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (phorophytes) was used: Swietenia macrophylla King., Fraxinus sp., Persea schiedeana Nees. and Tecoma stans. (L.) Juss. ex Kunth), with five repetitions per phorophyte and with three L. anceps orchid plants in each phorophyte. The following variables were measured: day to emergence, root length and thickness, and survival at 28 weeks after tying them in phorophytes. Results: Root emergence of L. anceps occurred in less time in S. macrophylla and in Fraxinus sp. at 52 and 54 days respectively; the longest root length (19.11 cm) and number of roots (32.45) were observed in S. macrophylla. However, the root thickness was greater in Fraxinus sp. (0.28 cm). After 28 weeks of establishing the L. anceps plants; 100% survival was obtained in the phorophytes S. macrophylla and Fraxinus sp., 77% in P. schiedeana and 33% in T. stans. Study limitations/implications: The amount of light received by L. anceps in each phorophyte was not measured. Findings/Conclusions: The best phorophytes for the establishment of L. anceps were S. macrophylla and Fraxinus sp. observed, the best development and strength of the roots and 100% survival at 28 weeks