Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Air-Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coating with Bond Coat Species in Cyclic Thermal Exposure

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Efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on the levels of serum highly sensitive capsule reactive protein, blood cell count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with stage II and stage III forms of moderately progressing periodontitis: An interventional study

Background: Relationship between the severity of periodontitis and its treatment outcome on systemic biomarkers like highly sensitive capsule reactive protein (hsCRP), complete blood cell count (CBCC), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was dynamic and inconclusive over their impact on systemic inflammation. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in systemically healthy patients having stage II and stage III types of moderately progressive periodontitis (grade B) on the laboratory levels (LL) of serum hsCRP and blood parameter (BP) of CBCC and ESR. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients were examined, among them 75 were recruited and divided into three groups, 25 each: Group I (Gr I): Healthy controls, Group II (Gr-II): Stage II and Grade B periodontitis, and Group III (Gr-III): Stage III and grade B periodontitis. Periodontal clinical parameters (PCP) and blood samples were obtained and examined at baseline (BL) and 30 days after NSPT. The collected data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation. Results: Comparing BL and after 30 days of NSPT in Gr-II and Gr-III, showed significant differences in PCP, LL of hsCRP and BP such as total leukocyte count, neutrophil count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, and ESR. When comparing Gr-II and Gr-III, no major differences were found in all PCP and LL of hsCRP and BP obtained 30 days after NSPT. Conclusion: PCP and LL of hsCRP and BP improved in Grade B periodontitis at stage II and stage III after NSPT. Clinical Significance: NSPT is efficiently reducing the levels of hsCRP, CBCC, and ESR after 30 days

Our Definition of Propeller Flaps and Their Classification

The term propeller flap was introduced for the first time by Hyakusoku to define an island flap, based on a subcutaneous pedicle hub, that was rotated 90 degrees to correct scar contractures due to burns. With the popularization of perforator flaps, the propeller movement was applied for the first time to a skin island vascularized only by an isolated perforator, and the terms propeller and perforator flap were used together. Thereafter, the surgical technique of propeller flaps evolved and new applications developed. With the "Tokyo consensus," we proposed a definition and a classification schema for propeller flaps. A propeller flap was defined as an "island flap that reaches the recipient site through an axial rotation." The classification included the SPP (SPP) flap, the perforator pedicled propeller (PPP) flap, and the supercharged PPP (SCP) flap. A recent update added a new category, the axial pedicled propeller (APP) flap. Here we propose our updated and comprehensive classification of propeller flaps, taking into account the previous classification and subsequent publications. Based on their vascular pedicle, we consider the following five types of propellers: (1) SPP flap, 2.PPP flap, its subtype (2a) SCP flap, (3) APP flap, (4) muscle propeller flap, and (5) chimeric propeller flap. The variables that can be taken into account in the classification are as follows: type of nourishing pedicle, degrees of skin island rotation, position of the nourishing pedicle, artery of origin of the pedicle, and flap shape

The Tokyo consensus on propeller flaps.

BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, the use of propeller flaps, which base their blood supply on subcutaneous tissue or isolated perforators, has become increasingly popular. Because no consensus has yet been reached on terminology and nomenclature of the propeller flap, different and confusing uses of the term can be found in the literature. METHODS: In this article, the authors report the consensus on the definition and classification of propeller flaps reached by the authors that gathered at the First Tokyo Meeting on Perforator and Propeller Flaps in June of 2009. Some peculiar aspects of the surgical technique are discussed. RESULTS: A propeller flap can be defined as an island flap that reaches the recipient site through an axial rotation. The classification is based on the nourishing pedicle (subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap, perforator pedicled propeller flap, supercharged propeller flap), the degrees of skin island rotation (90 to 180 degrees) and, when possible, the artery of origin of the perforator. CONCLUSIONS: The propeller flap is a useful reconstructive tool that can achieve good cosmetic and functional results. A flap should be called a propeller flap only if it fulfils the definition above. The type of nourishing pedicle, the source vessel (when known), and the degree of skin island rotation should be specified for each flap

Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020

Objectives We verified subnational (state/union territory (UT)/district) claims of achievements in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in 2020 compared with 2015, in India.Design A community-based survey, analysis of programme data and anti-TB drug sales and utilisation data.Setting National TB Elimination Program and private TB treatment settings in 73 districts that had filed a claim to the Central TB Division of India for progress towards TB-free status.Participants Each district was divided into survey units (SU) and one village/ward was randomly selected from each SU. All household members in the selected village were interviewed. Sputum from participants with a history of anti-TB therapy (ATT), those currently experiencing chest symptoms or on ATT were tested using Xpert/Rif/TrueNat. The survey continued until 30 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases were identified in a district.Outcome measures We calculated a direct estimate of TB incidence based on incident cases identified in the survey. We calculated an under-reporting factor by matching these cases within the TB notification system. The TB notification adjusted for this factor was the estimate by the indirect method. We also calculated TB incidence from drug sale data in the private sector and drug utilisation data in the public sector. We compared the three estimates of TB incidence in 2020 with TB incidence in 2015.Results The estimated direct incidence ranged from 19 (Purba Medinipur, West Bengal) to 1457 (Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya) per 100 000 population. Indirect estimates of incidence ranged between 19 (Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) and 788 (Dumka, Jharkhand) per 100 000 population. The incidence using drug sale data ranged from 19 per 100 000 population in Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to 651 per 100 000 population in Centenary, Maharashtra.Conclusion TB incidence in 1 state, 2 UTs and 35 districts had declined by at least 20% since 2015. Two districts in India were declared TB free in 2020