Improving the assessment of the cadastral value of agricultural land in green economy conditions

The formation and development of the “green economy” involves changes in methodologies and methods for assessing economic processes and categories. The green economy considers not only economic, but also environmental and social indicators. The article considers that the current methodology for calculating the cadastral value of agricultural land evaluates the economic efficiency of using a land plot, the ecological aspect is considered in a small volume, and there is no social component of land valuation at all. It is revealed that the improvement of the assessment of the agricultural land cadastral value in green economy is to consider new agroecological, anthropogenic, social indicators characterizing land condition and use. It is shown that reliable and timely information about the state of the soil cover of an agricultural land plot should be considered in the transformation of land use types. The ultimate purpose of the study, one of the stages of which are the proposals presented in the article, is to substantiate approaches to improve the state cadastral valuation of agricultural land in the context of green economy development

Диагностика туберкулеза легких в условиях пульмонологического отделения стационара

A clinical case of 23-year old female with pulmonary tuberculosis is described in this article. The patient was admitted to a hospital with preliminary diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and negative TB test. Differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and community-acquired pneumonia is often difficult and could be more difficult in patients with co-existing specific (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and non-specific infection in the lungs.Дифференциальная диагностика туберкулеза легких (ТЛ) и пневмонии является сложной проблемой на этапе первичного обследования пациента в терапевтической практике. Представлен клинический случай диагностики ТЛ у 23-летней женщины при поступлении в стационар терапевтического профиля с диагнозом внебольничная пневмония при наличии отрицательных специфических тестов на ТЛ. Диагностика также может быть затруднена при наличии сочетанной специфической (микобактерии туберкулеза) и неспецифической инфекции в зоне воспалительного поражения легких

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ СОМАТИЧЕСКИХ МУТАЦИЙ ГЕНОВ KRAS, NRAS, BRAF И СТАТУСА МИКРОСАТЕЛЛИТНОЙ НЕСТАБИЛЬНОСТИ НА ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТЬ БОЛЬНЫХ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНЫМ РАКОМ С ПЕРИТОНЕАЛЬНЫМ КАРЦИНОМАТОЗОМ

Purpose: to evaluate the effect of somatic mutations of the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes and the status of microsatellite instability on the overall and disease-free survival of patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Material and Methods. From 2012 to 2018, the study included 45 patients who underwent surgery for synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis with colorectal cancer. In all patients, mutations of the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes and MSI status of the tumor and peritoneum metastases were determined using Sanger sequencing, fragment analysis and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction. The effect of mutations on patient survival was evaluated.Results. The prevalence of somatic mutations was 69 % of patients. The discordance between the tumor and peritoneum metastases was 9 %. All tumors and peritoneum metastases were microsatellite stable. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations did not affect the overall and disease-free survival (p=0.87 and p=0.85, respectively).Conclusion. Somatic mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF genes are not a prognostic factor affecting the overall and relapse-free survival of colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The molecular status of primary tumor may differ from the status of peritoneal metastasis. It should be taken into account when prescribing targeted drugs. Цель исследования – оценить влияние соматических мутаций генов KRAS, NRAS, BRAF и статуса микросателлитной нестабильности на общую и безрецидивную выживаемость больных, перенесших циторедуктивные операции с гипертермической внутрибрюшинной химиотерапией.Материал и методы. В исследование включены 45 пациентов, которые в 2012–18 гг. были оперированы по поводу синхронного перитонеального карциноматоза на фоне колоректального рака. У всех пациентов определялись мутации генов KRAS, NRAS, BRAF и микросателлитный статус опухоли и метастазов на брюшине с помощью секвенирования по методу Сэнгера, фрагментного анализа и цифровой капельной полимеразно-цепной реакции. Оценивалось влияние мутаций на выживаемость пациентов.Результаты. Общая частота соматических мутаций в первичной опухоли и метастазах брюшины составила 69 %, дискордантность между опухолью и метастазами на брюшине по мутациям – 9 %. Все опухоли и метастазы на брюшине оказались микросателлитно-стабильными. Наличие мутации в исследованных генах не влияло на общую и безрецидивную выживаемость (p=0,87 и p=0,85 соответственно).Заключение. Соматические мутации в генах KRAS, NRAS или BRAF не являются фактором прогноза, влияющим на общую и безрецидивную выживаемость больных колоректальным раком с перитонеальным карциноматозом. Молекулярный статус первичной опухоли может отличаться от статуса метастаза на париетальной и висцеральной брюшине, что необходимо учитывать при назначении таргетных препаратов.

The “Goldilocks Zoneâ€? from a redox perspectiveâ€â€�Adaptive vs. deleterious responses to oxidative stress in striated muscle

Consequences of oxidative stress may be beneficial or detrimental in physiological systems. An organ system's position on the “hormetic curve� is governed by the source and temporality of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, proximity of ROS to moieties most susceptible to damage, and the capacity of the endogenous cellular ROS scavenging mechanisms. Most importantly, the resilience of the tissue (the capacity to recover from damage) is a decisive factor, and this is reflected in the disparate response to ROS in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In myocytes, a high oxidative capacity invariably results in a significant ROS burden which in homeostasis, is rapidly neutralized by the robust antioxidant network. The up-regulation of key pathways in the antioxidant network is a central component of the hormetic response to ROS. Despite such adaptations, persistent oxidative stress over an extended time-frame (e.g., months to years) inevitably leads to cumulative damages, maladaptation and ultimately the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Indeed, persistent oxidative stress in heart and skeletal muscle has been repeatedly demonstrated to have causal roles in the etiology of heart disease and insulin resistance, respectively. Deciphering the mechanisms that underlie the divergence between adaptive and maladaptive responses to oxidative stress remains an active area of research for basic scientists and clinicians alike, as this would undoubtedly lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we provide an overview of major types of ROS in striated muscle and the divergent adaptations that occur in response to them. Emphasis is placed on highlighting newly uncovered areas of research on this topic, with particular focus on the mitochondria, and the diverging roles that ROS play in muscle health (e.g., exercise or preconditioning) and disease (e.g., cardiomyopathy, ischemia, metabolic syndrome)

Резекция органов с метастазами при применении комбинации химиотерапии и анти-EGFR антител у больных нерезектабельным метастатическим раком толстой кишки: проспективное нерандомизированное многоцентровое исследование II фазы

Objective: to analyze the frequency of metastasectomy in general population of patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer who received chemotherapy and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodiesMaterials and methods. This prospective, non-randomized, multicenter study was designed to evaluate the frequency of resections of organs affected by metastasis. Our statistical hypothesis was that the addition of anti-EGFR antibodies should increase the frequency of metastasectomy from 5% to 15 %. Sample size calculations showed that to obtain a power of 80 % and an alpha level of 0.05 to detect the difference, we would need to recruit 50 patients. The primary endpoint was the frequency of resections of organs affected by metastasis, whereas the secondary endpoints included objective response rate, progression-free survival, and length of live. Tolerability of the therapy was analyzed separately.Results. Eighteen out of50 (36 %) patients achieved objective response; 32 (64 %) patents achieved stable disease and 18 (36 %) patients had disease progression. Radical resection of organs affected by metastasis was performed in 8 out of 50 patients (16 %): 1 individual had lung resection and 7 individuals had liver resection. Among participants with isolated liver lesions, the frequency of metastasectomy was 24 % (6 out of 25 patients). At a median follow-up of 14 months (between 1 and 34 months), median progression-free survival was 8 months (95 % confidence interval 6.2—9.8) and median length of life was 26 months (95 % confidence interval 19.7—32.2). The estimated 2-year overall survival was 83 % in patients who underwent metastasectomy vs. 51 % in those who had no metastasectomy.Conclusions. The addition of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies to standard combination chemotherapy (FOLFOX/FOLFIRI) increases the frequency of metastasectomy in patients with non-resectable metastatic colorectal cancer, which results in an increased length of life.Цель исследования — оценка частоты выполнения резекций органов с метастазами при применении химиотерапии и анти-EGFR моноклональных антител в общей популяции больных метастатическим раком толстой кишки с диким типом генов RAS. Материалы и методы. Проведено многоцентровое нерандомизированное проспективное исследование по оценке частоты выполнения резекций органов с метастазами. Статистическая гипотеза предполагала, что добавление анти-EGFR антител должно увеличить частоту метастазэктомий с 5 до 15 %, что при а = 0,05 и мощности 80 % определяет необходимость включения в исследование 50 пациентов. Основной критерий эффективности — частота резекций органов с метастазами. Вторичными критериями эффективности явились частота объективных эффектов, выживаемость без прогрессирования, продолжительность жизни; отдельно оценена переносимость терапии.Результаты. Объективный эффект зарегистрирован у 18 (36 %) из 50 пациентов, контроль болезни — у 32 (64 %) из 50, прогрессирование — у 18 (36 %). Радикальная резекция органов с метастазами выполнена 8 (16 %) из 50 пациентов: у 1 пациента — резекция легких, у 7 — операции на печени. В группе пациентов с изолированным поражением печени частота метастазэктомии составила 24 % (6 из 25 пациентов). При медиане наблюдения 14 мес (от 1 до 34 мес) медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования составила 8мес (95 % доверительный интервал 6,2—9,8), медиана продолжительности жизни — 26мес (95 % доверительный интервал 19,7—32,2). Расчетная 2-летняя общая выживаемость в группе с резекций составила 83 % против 51 % в группе пациентов, которым метастазы не удалялись.Выводы. Добавление анти-EGFR моноклональных антител к стандартным двойным комбинациям химиотерапии (FOLFOX/FOLFIRI) увеличивает частоту выполнения удаления метастазов при нерезектабельном метастатическом раке толстой кишки, что ассоциировано с выраженным увеличением продолжительности жизни пациентов

The networking aspect of international students’ integration into Finnish working life : a case study of Team&Client project course

This thesis explores how the social networks developed during Higher Education Studies contribute to international students’ integration into Finnish working life. Previous research provides evidence that international students experience difficulties with finding jobs in Finland after completing their studies, and the lack of social networks is recognized as one of the main employment barriers. According to the Strength of Weak Ties theory, weak social networks, especially when they connect representatives of different social groups, provide better employment outcomes for an individual. Team&Client project course organized by the University of Jyväskylä is used in this study as an example of a university course, where international students have an opportunity to create such ties. This research was done from a qualitative stance and focused on the international student’s perceptions of networking with other parties during and after the course. The research is based on two sets of data: 68 written documents produced by the course participants in 2016-2020, and 8 semi-structured interviews with former students conducted in 2021. The analysis indicates that half of the interview participants was able to utilize the created social network in a way that enhances their employability in Finland. However, the findings also suggest that it can take some time before international students are prepared to enter the labor market, and by that time they may perceive the created ties as too weak or even absent. Another important factor found is that some international students may not be prepared to take an active approach to networking and employability development

Interactive Forms of Open Scientific and Educational Workshop

The article discusses the innovative chain of the Russian economy which consists of three stages: “Idea” (academic science), “Technology” (applied science), and “Production”. The authors describe the innovative system of Russia in terms of infrastructure devices, the functioning of the financial system and human resources. Special attention is paid to the problem of staff training for the innovation economy in Russia. The authors propose the use of scientific and educational public workshop as a form of interactive courses in training staff for the “economy of knowledge”. The article describes the experience of holding open seminars at the Department of Innovation Studies of Volgograd State University. The members of project teams of scientific and Interdisciplinary Innovative Design educational center take part in these discussions. Four scenarios of public workshops are suggested. The first one refers to the joint research work of students, undergraduates and graduate students. The activity includes the presentation of research projects, collective work of students in the creation of business models, innovative projects, debates in the format of a talk show on current topics in the field of innovation and business. The participants also discuss the latest technological and scientific advances in the field of innovations with practical application in business by means of webinars. The second scenario implies an open workshop in the form of presentation of research results based on the technology of group project-based learning as an interactive method which is widely used in the leading universities of the world, and is the organization of educational process in the form of implementation of group projects, from the stage of their development to practical implementation. Team work (“brainstorming”) open workshop consists in the creation of business models, innovative projects based on the use of techniques of prominent scientist in the field of business modeling A. Osterwalder. This workshop is based on the method of Karl Popper. It is a game which is played by two teams of three speakers: one group proves a thesis and the other – denies it. The aim of the game is to represent and protect the position of the team more convincingly than opponents. Discussion of the latest technological and scientific advances in the field of innovation with webinars materials can be used in the educational process, modern computer technology, broadcast, comment and recordings of master classes and lectures for serial entrepreneurs, businessmen, scientists and researchers