An Estimate of the Isopycnal Diffusion Tensor Based on Particle Statistics

The quality of eddy ux-gradient parametrizations in models with coarse resolution depends on whether the generated diffusivity is similar to that of reference solutions produced by eddy resolving models. It is therefore essential to accurately describe the transport properties of eddy resolving ocean models. This thesis is a survey of the lateral transport of passive tracers induced by mesoscale eddies in the velocity field of a 1/12° numerical model of the North Atlantic. Statistical tools are used to relate particle trajectories of Lagrangian floats to the effective eddy diffusivity: Both Taylor's theory of turbulent dispersion, which forms the foundation for the analysis, and further refinements thereof, are discussed and used for computations. The underlying theories rely on several restrictive assumptions about the statistics of the flow field, and one objective of this thesis is to make the reader aware of how difficult an interpretation of the results can be

Optimal stability polynomials for numerical integration of initial value problems

We consider the problem of finding optimally stable polynomial approximations to the exponential for application to one-step integration of initial value ordinary and partial differential equations. The objective is to find the largest stable step size and corresponding method for a given problem when the spectrum of the initial value problem is known. The problem is expressed in terms of a general least deviation feasibility problem. Its solution is obtained by a new fast, accurate, and robust algorithm based on convex optimization techniques. Global convergence of the algorithm is proven in the case that the order of approximation is one and in the case that the spectrum encloses a starlike region. Examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm even when these conditions are not satisfied

The Modelling of Stereoscopic 3D Scene Acquisition

The main goal of this work is to find a suitable method for calculating the best setting of a stereo pair of cameras that are viewing the scene to enable spatial imaging. The method is based on a geometric model of a stereo pair cameras currently used for the acquisition of 3D scenes. Based on selectable camera parameters and object positions in the scene, the resultant model allows calculating the parameters of the stereo pair of images that influence the quality of spatial imaging. For the purpose of presenting the properties of the model of a simple 3D scene, an interactive application was created that allows, in addition to setting the cameras and scene parameters and displaying the calculated parameters, also displaying the modelled scene using perspective views and the stereo pair modelled with the aid of anaglyphic images. The resulting modelling method can be used in practice to determine appropriate parameters of the camera configuration based on the known arrangement of the objects in the scene. Analogously, it can, for a given camera configuration, determine appropriate geometrical limits of arranging the objects in the scene being displayed. This method ensures that the resulting stereoscopic recording will be of good quality and observer-friendly

Segmentation of Sedimentary Grain in Electron Microscopy Image

This paper describes a novel method developed for the segmentation of sedimentary grains in electron microscopy images. The algorithm utilizes the approach of region splitting and merging. In the splitting stage, the marker-based watershed segmentation is used. In the merging phase, the typical characteristics of grains in electron microscopy images are exploited for proposing special metrics, which are then used during the merging stage to obtain a correct grain segmentation. The metrics are based on the typical intensity changes on the grain borders and the compact shape of grains. The experimental part describes the optimal setting of parameter in the splitting stage and the overall results of the proposed algorithm tested on available database of grains. The results show that the proposed technique fulfills the requirements of its intended application

Lettered Words in Chinese: Roman Letters as Morpheme-Syllables

In English individual letters are used to represent syllables, morphemes, and words in abbreviations. These uses of letters have been borrowed readily into Chinese, while the use of letters to represent phonemes in spelled words is less common. I discuss why the use of letters to represent units larger than the phoneme is more common in Chinese than their use in spelled words and what this reflects about Chinese morphology. I also argue that since abbreviations and letter-symbol words use letters as components of their structure, they show an interaction between orthography and morphology that should be recognized in morphological studies

Does Science Think?

The objective of the present essay is to show that the traditional dilemma of philosophy, namely, does science think or does not think, has today become the problem that science itself has to solve. To assert that science thinks means first that science, when it thinks, constructs its object in an always specific manner; second, in construing its object, it adds to it the real, i.e., a reference, external to the scientific construction itself, which science then discovers as the basis and source of its construction. This article argues that it is for strictly scientific reasons that science is today faced with the task of affirming itself as a domain of thought in both aforementioned meanings. Affirming the view that science thinks is a scientific struggle for the existence of politics of emancipation

A Comparison of Conversational Recast and Milieu in Language Sampling

The purpose of this project was to observe the language and play abilities of two children and recognize the impacts of leading or following with different language interventions. Two preschool age children were selected and compared for these observations: one who has shown signs of communicative or social-emotional challenges and one who showed no such signs. For each child, information was gathered in regard to their behaviors and language during a play interaction with peers. In addition, two language samples were collected by the observer, one using the technique of conversational recast and the other using the technique of milieu teaching. The observations were interpreted through quantitative measures, such as the mean length of utterance (MLU) and type token ratio (TTR), as well as qualitative measures, such as nonverbal behavior, interactions with others, and relevance of conversational contributions

Democracy Without Boundaries

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Application of impedance spectroscopy to the study of dithiocarbamate species on Au surfaces: Effects of aqueous Cu²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions

Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of dithiocarbamate ligands were formed on the Au surface of an interdigitated electrode (IDE) array by reaction of amines with CS2 in H2O/CH3OH solutions. Impedance spectroscopy was used to probe for the presence of each SAM as they were individually applied to the surface of the IDE by examining differences in collected impedance data after each step of the chemical application sequence. The impedance behavior of the SAM’s were then studied in the presence of aqueous Cu2+ and Mg2+ ions. A treated IDE array would, in theory, be able to preferentially detect lower concentrations of Cu2+(aq) by complexing with that specific ion, thus concentrating it within the capacitance field. Cupric ion chelating groups anchored to the gold surface by the dithiocarbamate group included morpholine or 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline. A sensitive determination of the amount of Cu2+ leaching from anti-fouling marine hull coatings into water would be a useful example of practical applications of impedance-based sensors for heavy metal ions. Results of this work indicate that the SAM-treated IDE arrays differed in their impedance behavior relative to untreated IDE arrays. The SAM-treated IDE arrays detected 1.00 μM Cu2+ concentrations with confidence, while untreated IDE arrays only detected as low as 50.0 μM Cu2+ with confidence. i