Removal of nickel from Ni(II)-NH3-SO2-CO2-H2O system by electrocoagulation, sedimentation and filtration processes

The nickel removal by electrocoagulation of Ni(II)-NH3-CO2-SO2-H2O system was studied in a batch reactor of 50 L useful volume, with stirring and two pairs of aluminum electrodes. The operating parameters were nickel concentration between 255 and 342 mg L-1, current density of 11.0 and 16.6 mA cm-2, pH 8.34±0.06, mean temperature 58.4±3.9 °C and retention time of 50 min. The maximum nickel removal was 99.7 % at 11.0 mA cm-2, specific energy consumption 16.86 kWh kg-1 of Al3+, 2.438 kWh kg-1 of Ni and the adsorption capacity 5819 mg Ni g-1 of Al3+. The precipitate contained a nickel content of 37.2 % and a true density of 2720 kg m-3, hydro­talcite-like structure layered double hydroxides. The unit area of sedimentation was between 0.25 and 1.96 m2 t-1 day, at a density from 971 to 1019 kg m-1 and 53±4 °C. A model for pre­dicting the specific cake resis­tance was estimated as a function of pressure drop and sus­pension concentration at 44.45 kPa and 59.52 kg m-3, resulting in the value of 6.47±107 m kg-1. The average cake humidity was 88 % base humid

Construcción de Ptard Nororiental de Montería

El proyecto Construcción de una Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales Domésticas en la ciudad de Montería surge como una necesidad de mejoramiento de las condiciones ambientales de la comunidad del sector nororiental de la ciudad de Montería. El proyecto fue controlado con base en el cronograma y el presupuesto aprobado. Para su desarrollo se identificaron las especificaciones de referencia que definieron los parámetros técnicos de diseño los cuales se transformaron en planos de fabricación y especificaciones de equipos. Una vez se superó la fase de diseño conforme a los lineamientos de EDOSPINA SAS en lo relativo a la construcción de Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales, se iniciaron las obras civiles con el acondicionamiento de terrenos y la construcción de cimientos estructurales, trazado de líneas de tuberías y se dio paso así a la construcción de tanques e infraestructura. Paralelamente se fueron construyendo las vías internas de la PTARD. Avanzadas las obras civiles se inicia la fase de acondicionamiento de equipos hidráulicos estáticos y rotativos, bombas, filtros, válvulas, controles entre otros, adaptados a infraestructura y a tubería. Acoplado todo el sistema se iniciaron pruebas hidráulicas para verificar el correcto flujo y el funcionamiento correcto de cada uno de los equipos, lo cual se hizo progresivamente y por etapas hasta lograr el ciclo hidráulico completo a través de la planta. Finalmente se realiza el proceso fisicoquímico del tratamiento de aguas verificando caudales, precipitación de lodos, comportamiento mecánico de equipos, implementación de análisis de laboratorio para control de la caracterización requerida. Durante este proceso se fue iniciando el proceso de capacitación del personal de operación para asegurar la competencia del equipo de trabajo una vez terminada la fase de puesta a punto de la PTARD. Estas fases se cumplieron satisfactoriamente y el resultado fue una Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales Domésticas con algunos aportes industriales funcionando a 525l/seg, cumpliendo con los requisitos de caracterización para vertimiento de aguas de la Corporación del Valle del Sinú y del San Jorge, mejoramiento de las condiciones ambientales en el sector con la eliminación de olores de las lagunas de oxidación existentes, recuperación de seguridad de la zona y mejoramiento del paisaje para la satisfacción de la comunidad y de las partes interesadas del proyecto.The project Construction of a Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant in the city ​​of Montería emerges as a need to improve the environmental conditions of the community of the northeastern sector of the city of Montería. The project was controlled on the basis in the approved schedule and budget. For its development, the specifications were identified. of reference that defined the technical design parameters which became manufacturing drawings and equipment specifications. Once the design phase was passed according to to the guidelines of EDOSPINA SAS regarding the construction of Treatment Plants of Residual Waters, the civil works began with the preparation of land and the construction of structural foundations, layout of pipe lines and thus gave way to the construction of tanks and infrastructure. At the same time, internal roads were built of the PTARD. Once the civil works are advanced, the equipment conditioning phase begins static and rotary hydraulics, pumps, filters, valves, controls, among others, adapted to infrastructure and pipeline. Once the entire system was coupled, hydraulic tests were started to verify the correct flow and correct operation of each of the equipment, which was done progressively and in stages until the complete hydraulic cycle through the plant is achieved. Finally, the physicochemical process of water treatment is carried out, verifying flows, sludge precipitation, mechanical behavior of equipment, implementation of analysis of laboratory to control the required characterization. During this process, the training process for operating personnel to ensure the competence of the operating team work once the set-up phase of the PTARD has been completed. These phases were completed satisfactorily and the result was a Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant with some industrial inputs operating at 525l/sec, meeting the requirements of characterization for discharge of water from the Sinú and San Jorge Valley Corporation, improvement of environmental conditions in the sector with the elimination of odors from the existing oxidation ponds, recovery of safety in the area and improvement of the landscape to the satisfaction of the community and project stakeholders

CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA Y EVALUACIÓN AGRONÓMICA DE MATERIALES VEGETALES PROMISORIOS DE Theobroma cacao L. (CAQUETÁ, COLOMBIA)

En el corregimiento de Remolinos del Caguán-Caquetá, se efectuó un estudio con el objetivo de realizar la caracterización morfológica y evaluación agronómica de cinco clones regionales considerados como élites promisorios de Theobroma cacao L., en fase de jardín clonal a pequeña escala. Se utilizaron 10 árboles.clon-1 de copa para la descripción morfoagronómica mediante la aplicación de 17 caracteres y 2449 plantas del clon de patronaje IMC-67 para determinar el porcentaje de prendimiento. Cuando las plántulas tuvieron aproximadamente 11 meses de edad, se injertó con clones de copa RMC-1, RMC-2, RMC-3, RMC-4, RMC-5, ICS-1 e ICS-60, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar bajo condiciones del arreglo agroforestal de Theobroma cacao L., Musa sp. y Cariniana pyriformis. Las diferencias entre clones de copa con respecto a los 17 caracteres, se estimó a partir de la aplicación de la prueba Tukey (α=0,05) empleando el software estadístico Infostat, y el porcentaje de prendimiento, mediante la relación número plantas injertadas e injertos prendidos. Se obtuvo que el clon RMC-5 difiere significativamente de los demás clones en relación al mayor promedio de la variable largo.ancho-1 de hoja, altura del árbol, área foliar y producción de material vegetal. Los clones de copa evaluados tuvieron un porcentaje de prendimiento similar en campo, mayores al 95%. Sin embargo, el RMC-4 presentó el mayor porcentaje de brotación en yemas con 22,03%. Se concluyó que existe una adecuada compatibilidad injerto/patrón y buena calidad del material del jardín clonal

Serotypes, virulence genes profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli recovered from feces of healthy lambs in Mexico

Articulo que habla de la resistencia a los antibióticos en corderosHealthy lambs are one of the major reservoirs of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and it is known as the cause of foodborne diseases (FBD). The work objective is to characterize (STEC) isolates obtained from rectal swabs of healthy lambs herds, a total of 183 samples were obtained from sheep production units of the State of Mexico. E. coli isolates were confirmed through the amplification of the uid A gene. antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was determined through Kirby-Bauer (CLSI, 2012) test and the presence stx1, stx2 and eae genes from isolates by multiplex PCR. Serotyping was performed using specific anti-O and anti-H sera (SERUNAM, Mexico) for 185 Somatic and 56 flagellar antigens. 126 isolates biochemically and molecularly identified as E. coli were obtained, of which 80 did not express any virulence factor and 46 expressed at least some (STEC) virulence factor. The highest percentage of E. coli resistance was for tetracycline 48.7% (39/80), followed by nalidixic acid 13.7% (11/80), gentamicin 6.2% (5/80) and Ciprofloxacin 3.7% (3/80). Resistance to amikacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were not detected. A frequency of 46 STEC isolates (36.2%) were obtained, of which 28/46 (22.0%) expressed stx1, stx2 3/46 (6.5%), stx1, stx2 13/46 (10.2%) and eae 2/46 (1.6%). Thirty different serotypes were obtained. The three serotypes with the highest number of isolates (four each) were: O76:H19, O118:H27 and O146:H21 which have been identified as a cause of diarrhea in human population. An isolate of serogroup O104 was obtained, with a significant importance for European public health. In virtue of the discovered serotypes and the virulence factors distribution, we can affirm that the obtained isolates from lambs in the State of Mexico are classifiable as atypical STEC of low virulence

Nickel removing by electrocoagulation of Ni(II)-NH3-CO2-SO2-H2O system. Kinetics, isothermal, mechanism and estimated cost of operation

This study reports nickel removing by electrocoagulation of Ni(II)-NH3-CO2-SO2-H2O system at laboratory scale. Experiments were done using Al/Al pair electrodes at initial nickel concentration between 293 and 1356 mg·L-1 and under operation parameters of pH 8.6, current density 9.8 mA·cm-2, electrolysis time 30 min, and temperature 60 ºC. The obtained results show removal efficiencies between 97.7 and 99.7 %. Kinetics modeling suggested combined effects of external diffusion and nucleation, and as controlling step the chemical reaction and a possible autocatalytic contribution. The process followed the Langmuir´s isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 7519 mg·g-1. ICP-OES, XRD and FTIR characterization of the precipitates indicated a typical Ni-Al layered double hydroxide structures with 33.4-40.7 % nickel and 6.3-7.0 % aluminum depending on initial nickel concentration. The operation costs of energy and electrode consumption were 320 - 537 $·t-1 of removed nickel

Maturation of the Vaca Muerta and Agrio Formations due to the emplacement of magmatic intrusive complexes in the southern Men-doza region of the Neuquén Basin

La existencia de complejos intrusivos en cuencas sedimentarias ha sido documentada en varias cuencas en distintas partes delmundo. Generalmente se emplazan en rocas ricas en materia orgánica, produciendo la maduración de la misma. Además, el emplazamientopuede generar vías de migración de fluidos, estructuras que pueden ser posibles trampas de hidrocarburos, y pueden serreservorios fracturados. Este trabajo se focalizará en el impacto térmico y la consecuente generación de hidrocarburos producidospor el emplazamiento de un complejo intrusivo. Para ello se escogió el sector surmendocino de la Cuenca Neuquina, dónde existengran cantidad de intrusiones ígneas emplazadas en las rocas generadoras del Grupo Mendoza (Formaciones Vaca Muerta y Agrio)y en sedimentitas continentales del Grupo Neuquén. Se realizó la identificación de intrusivos mediante datos de sísmica y pozos. Seconfeccionó una sección estructural de la zona de estudio, para luego realizar los modelos termales. Los resultados de las modelizacionesmuestran que el emplazamiento de intrusivos genera la maduración de las Formaciones Vaca Muerta y Agrio, especialmentedonde se produce una clusterización de los intrusivos. Éste efecto está regulado por la temperatura de la roca de caja al tiempo delemplazamiento, la edad del emplazamiento y el solapamiento de las intrusiones. Se concluye que en la región surmendocina de laCuenca Neuquina, las Formaciones Vaca Muerta y Agrio se encuentran maduradas por el impacto térmico de un complejo intrusivo,pudiendo llegar a generar cantidades considerables de hidrocarburos.The existence of intrusive-complexes in sedimentary basins has been documented in many basins all around the world. Generally, they are emplaced in organic rich rocks, producing their maturation. Also, the emplacement can generate fluid's migration conduits, structures that can be hydrocarbon traps, and fractured reservoirs. This paper will focus on the thermal impact and the consequent hydrocarbon generation produced by the emplacement of an intrusive-complex. For that aim, we have chosen the southern Mendoza area of the Neuquén Basin, where a great quantity of igneous intrusions are emplaced in the source rocks of the Mendoza Group (Vaca Muerta and Agrio Formations), and in continental sedimentites of the Neuquén Group. The identification of the intrusives was made based on seismic and borehole data. We produced a structural section of the study area, which was used afterwards to make the thermal models. The results of our modellings show that the emplacement of intrusives generates the maturation of the Vaca Muerta and Agrio Formations, especially where a clustering of the intrusions is produced. This effect is regulated by the temperature of the host rock at the time of emplacement, the age of the emplacement, and the clustering of intrusions. We conclude that in the southern Mendoza region of the Neuquén Basin, the Vaca Muerta and Agrio Formations were matured because of the thermal impact of an intrusive complex, being able to generate considerable amount of hydrocarbons.Fil: Spacapan, Juan Bautista. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Palma, Joaquín Octavio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Rocha Vargas, Marcelo Emilio. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Leanza, Hector Armando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: D'Odorico, Alejandro. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Rojas Vera, Emilio Agustin. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Manceda, René Enrique. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Galland, Olivier. University of Oslo; NoruegaFil: Medialdea, Adrián. YPF - Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Cattaneo, Diego Matias. YPF - Tecnología; Argentin

Avaliação agronômica de genótipos de Theobroma cacao L. na Amazônia colômbiana

  The universal clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) introduced in the Colombian Amazon region, present low yields. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic behavior of promissory local genotypes of T. cacao under the conditions of the Colombian Amazon. The nursery and experimental plot were established on the rural division of Cuba in Cartagena del Chairá town. A 7 x 4 Factorial Experiment was implemented, with Factor A (genotypes) and Factor B (planting distances). In the nursery, height and stem diameter of the IMC-67 rootstock clone were evaluated, and in the experimental plot the agronomic yield and performance of seven genotypes. IMC-67 clone had 95% of survival, a growth rate of 0,200 cm.day-1, and an increase in stem diameter of 0,003 cm.day-1 The seven genotypes showed 95,73% of survival, without statistically significant differences (p<0,05). The total height (cm), graft length (cm), rootstock diameter (cm), number of leaves and treetop area (m2), showed statistically significant differences (p<0,0001). RMC-4 genotype showed higher biomass values followed by the RMC-2 and ICS-1 genotypes, without statistically significant differences (p<0,05), among the genotypes evaluated. We concluded that the RMC-3, RMC-4 and RMC-5, present potential for consolidation as universal clones in the future.  Los clones universales de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) introducidos en la región amazónica de Colombia, presentan bajos rendimientos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de genotipos locales promisorios de T. cacao bajo las condiciones de la Amazonia Colombiana. El vivero y parcela experimental se establecieron en la vereda Cuba, municipio de Cartagena del Chairá. En la parcela experimental se implementó un diseño experimental Factorial 7 x 4, con Factor A (genotipos) y Factor B (distancias de siembra). En vivero se evaluó la altura y el diámetro del tallo del clon portainjerto IMC-67, y en la parcela experimental el prendimiento y desempeño agronómico de siete genotipos. El clon IMC-67 tuvo germinación del 95%, velocidad de crecimiento de 0,200 cm.día-1, e incremento en diámetro del tallo de 0,003 cm.día-1. Los siete genotipos presentaron prendimiento del injerto del 95,73%, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05). La altura total (cm), longitud de injerto (cm), diámetro del portainjerto (cm), número de hojas y área de copa (m2), presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,0001). El genotipo RMC-4, presentó mayores valores de biomasa seguido de los genotipos RMC-2 e ICS-1, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05), entre los genotipos evaluados. Se concluye que los genotipos promisorios RMC-3, RMC-4 y RMC-5, presentan potencial para su consolidación como clones universales en el futuro.Os clones universais de Theobroma cacao L. introduzidos na região amazônica colômbiana apresentam baixos rendimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento agronômico de genótipos locais promissores de T. cacao em condições da Amazônia colômbiana. O viveiro e a chácara experimental foram estabelecidos na Vereda Cuba, município de Cartagena del Chairá. Na chácara experimental foi implementado um experimento fatorial 7 x 4, com o fator A (genótipos) e o fator B (distâncias de plantio). No viveiro foi avaliado a altura e diâmetro do caule do clone porta-enxerto IMC67, e na chácara experimental a germinação e desempenho agronômico de sete genótipos. O clone padrão IMC67 teve 95% de germinação, taxa de crescimento de 0,200 cm.dia-1 e aumento no diâmetro do caule de 0,003 cm.dia-1 os sete genótipos apresentaram germinação do caule do 95,73%, sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05). A altura total (cm), comprimento do enxerto (cm), diâmetro do porta-enxerto (cm), número de folhas e área da copa (m2), apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,0001). O genótipo RMC4, apresentou maiores valores de biomassa, seguido pelos genótipos RMC2 e ICS1, sem diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05), entre os genótipos avaliados. Conclui-se que os promissores genótipos RMC3, RMC4 e RMC5 apresentam potencial para sua consolidação como clones universais no futuro

Mecanismos para la administración de los recursos obtenidos por la presentación del servicio público de aprovechamiento en un grupo de recicladores de la zona 10 de Engativá.

El presente proyecto de investigación abordará aspectos relacionados con la reglamentación que adopto el Distrito conforme al (Decreto 596 de 2016 emitido por el Ministerio de Vivienda Ciudad y Territorio) el cual proporcionó nuevas reglas para remunerar la actividad de aprovechamiento en el marco del servicio público de aseo, los beneficiados con este nuevo esquema tarifario son los recicladores de oficio, por consiguiente, para acceder a dicha remuneración deberán realizar el trámite a través de organizaciones de recicladores debidamente constituidas; el interés como Gerentes Sociales para el presente estudio, será el de identificar las debilidades en la administración de estos nuevos recursos, lo que permitirá minimizar las inadecuadas prácticas que desmejoran las condiciones económicas dentro del entorno familiar

Genotyping low-grade gliomas among hispanics

Q2164-172Background. Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are classified by the World Health Organization as astrocytoma (DA), oligodendroglioma (OD), and mixed oligoastrocytoma (OA). TP53 mutation and 1p19q codeletion are the most-commonly documented molecular abnormalities. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutations are frequent in LGGs; however, IDH-negative gliomas can also occur. Recent research suggests that ATRX plays a significant role in gliomagenesis. Methods. We investigated p53 and Olig2 protein expression, and MGMT promoter methylation, 1p19q codeletion, IDH, and ATRX status in 63 Colombian patients with LGG. The overall survival (OS) rate was estimated and compared according to genotype. Results. The most common histology was DA, followed by OD and OA. IDH1/2 mutations were found in 57.1% and MGMT+ (positive status of MGMT promoter methylation methyl-guanyl-methyl-transferase gene) in 65.1% of patients, while overexpression of p53 and Olig2 was present in 30.2% and 44.4%, respectively, and 1p19q codeletion in 34.9% of the patients. Overexpression of ATRX was analyzed in 25 patients, 16% tested positive and were also mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition. The median follow-up was 15.8 months (95% CI, 7.6–42.0) and OS was 39.2 months (95% CI, 1.3–114). OS was positively and significantly affected by MGMT+, 1p19q codeletion, surgical intervention extent, and number of lobes involved. Multivariate analysis confirmed that MGMT methylation status and 1p19q codeletion affected OS. Conclusions. This is the first study evaluating the molecular profile of Hispanic LGG patients. Findings confirmed the prognostic relevance of MGMT methylation and 1p19q codeletion, but do not support IDH1/2 mutation as a relevant marker. The latter may be explained by sample size and selection bias. ATRX alterations were limited to patients with DA and were mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London