Phytochemical and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of Sanseviera liberica Gérôme and Labroy (Agavaceae) root extract

Sanseviera liberica is used in Nigerian folk medicine for the treatment of asthma, abdominal pain, diarrhea, wounds of the foot, gonorrhea, snake bites etc. Some of these diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria. To validate the trado-medical applications of S. liberica, an investigation of the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the methanol and n – hexane extracts was conducted. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars and   carbohydrates in both extracts. Alkaloids were present only in the methanol extract. Glycosides, terpenoids and steroids were absent in both extracts. The proximate analysis of S. liberica showed total ash value of 6.0 %, acid insoluble ash of 1.10 %, alcohol extractive value of 6.80 %, water  extractive value of 5.20 % and moisture content of 14.50 %.The broth microdilution technique was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities ofboth the methanol and n – hexane extracts of S. liberica. Results showed that Psuedomonas. aureginosa, Streptococci pyrognase and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to the methanol extract while Candida albicans,  Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhii, Baccilus subtilis and Escherischia coli were not sensitive. All the eight microorganisms involved in the  antimicrobial assay were not sensitive to the n-hexane extract. © JASE

Choosing a form of renewal in a sustainable world

Bacheloroppgave i bygg, Institutt for byggfag, Høgskulen på Vestlandet, campus BergenBYG15

An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and Toxicology

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ethnopharmacological relevance: The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including ‘Diabetes’ ‘Gabon’ ‘Toxicity’ ‘Constituents’ ‘hyperglycaemia’ were used. Results: A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. Conclusion: An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Phytochemical and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of Sanseviera liberica G\ue9r\uf4me and Labroy (Agavaceae) root extract

Sanseviera liberica is used in Nigerian folk medicine for the treatment of asthma, abdominal pain, diarrhea, wounds of the foot, gonorrhea, snake bites etc. Some of these diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria. To validate the trado-medical applications of S. liberica, an investigation of the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the methanol and n \u2013 hexane extracts was conducted. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars and carbohydrates in both extracts. Alkaloids were present only in the methanol extract. Glycosides, terpenoids and steroids were absent in both extracts. The proximate analysis of S. liberica showed total ash value of 6.0 %, acid insoluble ash of 1.10 %, alcohol extractive value of 6.80 %, water extractive value of 5.20 % and moisture content of 14.50 %.The broth microdilution technique was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of both the methanol and n \u2013 hexane extracts of S. liberica. Results showed that Psuedomonas aureginosa , Streptococci pyrognase and Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to the methanol extract while Candida albicans , Klebsiella pneumonia , Salmonella typhii , Baccilus subtilis and Escherischia coli were not sensitive. All the eight microorganisms involved in the antimicrobial assay were not sensitive to the n-hexane extract

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Property of Sansevieria liberica Gerald and Labroy (Dracaenaceae) Leaf Using Alloxan Induced Diabetes Model

Background: The phytochemical screening and antidiabetic activities of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of Sansevieria liberica Ger. and Labr. were investigated.Objectives: To identify the phytoconstituents present and evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the leaf of S. liberica Ger. and Labr.Material and Methods: A 1.2 g of the pulverized leaf was cold macerated in methanol to obtain 240 g of the crude extract (CE), fractionation was done using n-hexane, ethylacetate and butanol. The CE and the fractions were screened for phytochemical and antidiabetic analysis using standard procedures. Diabetes was induced by intraperitonial injection of alloxan. The blood glucose levels were analyzed as indices of diabetes.Results: After 24 hours, alloxan increased the blood glucose level of rats indicating hyperglycaemia. Treatment of the rats with the extract and fractions reduced the blood glucose level within 3 to 7 days of treatment. The standard antidiabetic, metformin (500 mg/kg) also showed similar effect. Extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) of the crude extract decreased significantly (p<0.05) the blood glucose level. The antidiabetic potency of the extract and fractions were in the order of CE ˃ ethylacetate fraction > n-Hexane fraction > butanol fraction. The phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides etc.Conclusions: From the findings, S. liberica leaf posses antidiabetic activity which may be due to the phytochemical constituents present, and this justifies its use by local users as traditional remedy for diabetes mellitus

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Property of Sansevieria liberica Gerald and Labroy (Dracaenaceae) Leaf Using Alloxan Induced Diabetes Model

Background: The phytochemical screening and antidiabetic activities of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of Sansevieria liberica Ger. and Labr. were investigated.Objectives: To identify the phytoconstituents present and evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the leaf of S. liberica Ger. and Labr.Material and Methods: A 1.2 g of the pulverized leaf was cold macerated in methanol to obtain 240 g of the crude extract (CE), fractionation was done using n-hexane, ethylacetate and butanol. The CE and the fractions were screened for phytochemical and antidiabetic analysis using standard procedures. Diabetes was induced by intraperitonial injection of alloxan. The blood glucose levels were analyzed as indices of diabetes.Results: After 24 hours, alloxan increased the blood glucose level of rats indicating hyperglycaemia. Treatment of the rats with the extract and fractions reduced the blood glucose level within 3 to 7 days of treatment. The standard antidiabetic, metformin (500 mg/kg) also showed similar effect. Extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) of the crude extract decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) the blood glucose level. The antidiabetic potency of the extract and fractions were in the order of CE ˃ ethylacetate fraction &gt; n-Hexane fraction &gt; butanol fraction. The phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides etc.Conclusions: From the findings, S. liberica leaf posses antidiabetic activity which may be due to the phytochemical constituents present, and this justifies its use by local users as traditional remedy for diabetes mellitus.</jats:p

Use of co-precipitates of Brachystegia Eurycoma gum and egg albumin as binder in the formulation of metronidazole tablets

The present study was aimed at producing metronidazole tablets with co-precipitates of Brachystegia gum and egg albumin as binder, and testing the stability of the metronidazole tablets with regard to moisture uptake and also the effect of moisture sorption on disintegration and dissolution profiles of the tablets. The attention of the public was also intended to be drawn to the dangers of wrong storage of medications. The tablets were prepared with 6% concentration of the binder. Three relative humidity chambers (100%, 75% and 1%) representing accelerated stability, ambient and dry conditions respectively, were employed. Five metronidazole tablets were stored in each of the humidity chambers for thirty days. The tablets were weighed every five days. Disintegration and dissolution tests were performed on them, before and after storage. Tablets stored in 100% humidity chamber gelled within five days; those in 75% chamber absorbed moisture up to 120% within twenty five days, while tablets in 1% chamber did not absorb any moisture. The disintegration rate of the tablets stored in 75% humidity chamber increased while that of tablets stored in 1% humidity chamber, remained the same. The metronidazle tablets disintegrated at a faster rate even after storage under moisture and their dissolution profiles were not adversely affected. Thus, the above technology of using co-precipitates as binder is advantageous.Keywords: Co-precipitate, metronidazole, tablets, dissolution profile, Brachystegia gum, egg albuminJournal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, Vol. 10 No. 3 (2013