Un discours islamique officiel en Égypte

Au début des années soixante-dix, l'État égyptien est confronté au militantisme semi-légal ou clandestin de mouvements islamistes qui mettent en cause ses structures en les jugeant non conformes au précepte divin de « commander le bien et pourchasser le mal » dans tous les domaines de la vie sociale, économique et politique. Pour ces mouvements, l'islam est un « système global et total » (nizâm kâmil wa shâmil) qui ne peut se réaliser que dans le cadre d'un État islamique dont la législation ..

Motion of a spherical capsule in simple shear flow: influence of the bending resistance

National audienceWe simulate the motion of an initially spherical capsule in a simple shear flow in order to determine the influence of the bending resistance on wrinkle formation on the membrane. We use a numerical method coupling a nonlinear shell finite element method for the capsule wall mechanics with a boundary integral method to solve the Stokes equation. The capsule wall is discretized with MITC linear triangular shell finite elements. We find that, at low flow strength, buckling occurs in the central region of the capsule. The number of wrinkles on the membrane decreases with the bending stiffness and above a critical value, wrinkles no longer form. For thickness to radius ratios below 5%, the bending stiffness does not have any significant effect on the overall capsule motion and deformation. The mean capsule shape is identical whether the wall is modeled as a shell or a two-dimensional membrane, which shows that the dynamics of thin capsules is mainly governed by shear elasticity and membrane effects

Coupling boundary integral and shell finite element methods to study the fluid structure interactions of a microcapsule in a simple shear flow

International audienceWe simulate the motion of an initially spherical capsule in a simple shear flow in order to determine the influence of the bending resistance on the formation of wrinkles on the membrane. The fluid structure interactions are obtained numerically coupling a boundary integral method to solve for the Stokes equation with a nonlinear finite element method for the capsule wall mechanics. The capsule wall is discretized with MITC linear triangular shell finite elements. We find that, at low flow strength, buckling occurs in the central region of the capsule. The number of wrinkles on the membrane decreases with the bending stiffness and, above a critical value, wrinkles no longer form. For thickness to radius ratios below 5%, the bending stiffness does not have any significant effect on the overall capsule motion and deformation. The mean capsule shape is identical whether the wall is modeled as a shell or a two-dimensional membrane, which shows that the dynamics of thin capsules is mainly governed by shear elasticity and membrane effects

Space-Time-Parameter PCA for Data-Driven Modeling with Application to Bioengineering

Principal component analysis is a recognized powerful and practical method in statistics and data science. It can also be used in modeling as a dimensionality reduction tool to achieve low-order models of complex multiphysics or engineering systems. Model-order reduction (MOR) methodologies today are an important topic for engineering design and analysis. Design space exploration or accelerated numerical optimization for example are made easier by the use of reduced-order models. In this chapter, we will talk about the use of higher-order singular value decompositions (HOSVD) applied to spatiotemporal problems that are parameterized by a set of design variables or physical parameters. Here we consider a data-driven reduced order modeling based on a design of computer experiment: from high-dimensional computational results returned by high-fidelity solvers (e.g. finite element ones), the HOSVD allows us to determine spatial, time and parameters principal components. The dynamics of the system can then be retrieved by identifying the low-order discrete dynamical system. As application, we will consider the dynamics of deformable capsules flowing into microchannels. The study of such fluid-structure interaction problems is motivated by the use of microcapsules as innovative drug delivery carriers through blood vessels

TSPO PET Imaging: From Microglial Activation to Peripheral Sterile Inflammatory Diseases?

Peripheral sterile inflammatory diseases (PSIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that gathers several chronic insults involving the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, or musculoskeletal system and wherein inflammation is the cornerstone of the pathophysiology. In PSID, timely characterization and localization of inflammatory foci are crucial for an adequate care for patients. In brain diseases, in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) exploration of inflammation has matured over the last 20 years, through the development of radiopharmaceuticals targeting the translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO) as molecular biomarkers of activated microglia. Recently, TSPO has been introduced as a possible molecular target for PSIDs PET imaging, making this protein a potential biomarker to address disease heterogeneity, to assist in patient stratification, and to contribute to predicting treatment response. In this review, we summarized the major research advances recently made in the field of TSPO PET imaging in PSIDs. Promising preliminary results have been reported in bowel, cardiovascular, and rheumatic inflammatory diseases, consolidated by preclinical studies. Limitations of TSPO PET imaging in PSIDs, regarding both its large expression in healthy peripheral tissues, unlike in central nervous system, and the production of peripheral radiolabeled metabolites, are also discussed, regarding their possible consequences on TSPO PET signal’s quantification

Functional abdominal pain disorders and patient- and parent- reported outcomes in children with inflammatory bowel disease in remission

BACKGROUND: Chronic abdominal pain occurs frequently in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission. AIMS: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders among IBD children in remission (IBD-FAPD). METHODS: Patients with IBD for > 1 year, in clinical remission for ≥ 3 months were recruited from a National IBD network. IBD-FAPDs were assessed using the Rome III questionnaire criteria. Patient- or parent- reported outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Among 102 included patients, 57 (56%) were boys, mean age (DS) was 15.0 (± 2.0) years and 75 (74%) had Crohn's disease. Twenty-two patients (22%) had at least one Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder among which 17 had at least one IBD-FAPD. Past severity of disease or treatments received and level of remission were not significantly associated with IBD-FAPD. Patients with IBD-FAPD reported more fatigue (peds-FACIT-F: 35.9 ± 9.8 vs. 43.0 ± 6.9, p = 0.01) and a lower HR-QoL (IMPACT III: 76.5 ± 9.6 vs. 81.6 ± 9.2, p = 0.04) than patients without FAPD, and their parents had higher levels of State and Trait anxiety than the other parents. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of IBD-FAPD was 17%. IBD-FAPD was not associated with past severity of disease, but with fatigue and lower HR-QoL

CropPol: a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination

Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e. berry weight, number of fruits and kg per hectare, among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), Northern America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-05 (21 studies), 2006-10 (40), 2011-15 (88), and 2016-20 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis