Water Mass Transport Changes through the Venice Lagoon Inlets from Projected Sea-Level Changes under a Climate Warming Scenario

In this study, an ensemble of numerical simulations with a state-of-the-art hydrodynamic model for coastal applications is used to characterize, for the first time, the expected mid-21st-century changes in circulation and associated sea-level height inside the Venice lagoon induced by projected Mediterranean sea level rise and atmospheric circulation changes over the Adriatic Sea under the RCP8.5 emission scenario. Our results show that water transports through the three inlets connecting the Venice lagoon to the open sea are expected to change significantly, with consequent significant persistent alterations of the circulation and sea-level height inside the lagoon. The projected water mass redistributions motivate further studies on the implications of climate change for the lagoon environment

Plume spreading test case for coastal ocean models

We present a test case of river plume spreading to evaluate numerical methods used in coastal ocean modeling. It includes an estuary–shelf system whose dynamics combine nonlinear flow regimes with sharp frontal boundaries and linear regimes with cross-shore geostrophic balance. This system is highly sensitive to physical or numerical dissipation and mixing. The main characteristics of the plume dynamics are predicted analytically but are difficult to reproduce numerically because of numerical mixing present in the models. Our test case reveals the level of numerical mixing as well as the ability of models to reproduce nonlinear processes and frontal zone dynamics. We document numerical solutions for the Thetis and FESOM-C models on an unstructured triangular mesh, as well as ones for the GETM and FESOM-C models on a quadrilateral mesh. We propose an analysis of simulated plume spreading which may be useful in more general studies of plume dynamics. The major result of our comparative study is that accuracy in reproducing the analytical solution depends less on the type of model discretization or computational grid than it does on the type of advection scheme.</p

FESOM-C v.2: coastal dynamics on hybrid unstructured meshes

We describe FESOM-C, the coastal branch of the Finite-volumE Sea ice – Ocean Model (FESOM2), which shares with FESOM2 many numerical aspects, in particular its finite-volume cell-vertex discretization. Its dynamical core differs in the implementation of time stepping, the use of a terrain-following vertical coordinate, and the formulation for hybrid meshes composed of triangles and quads. The first two distinctions were critical for coding FESOM-C as an independent branch. The hybrid mesh capability improves numerical efficiency, since quadrilateral cells have fewer edges than triangular cells. They do not suffer from spurious inertial modes of the triangular cell-vertex discretization and need less dissipation. The hybrid mesh capability allows one to use quasi-quadrilateral unstructured meshes, with triangular cells included only to join quadrilateral patches of different resolution or instead of strongly deformed quadrilateral cells. The description of the model numerical part is complemented by test cases illustrating the model performance.</p

Вибір способу біліарної декомпресії у хворих на обтураційну жовтяницю непухлинного генезу

The aim of the work: to study efficiency of biliary decompression after external and internal drainage of bile ducts, endoscopic transpapillary interventions in patients with obstructive jaundice of non-tumor genesis. Materials and Methods. We analyzed the outcomes of surgical treatment of 200 patients with obstructive jaundice of the non-tumor genesis. The patients were divided into three groups: group I (n = 95), where endoscopic methods of biliary decompression were used; group II (n = 48), where biliodigestive anastomoses were formed; and group III (n = 57), where the external drainage of bile ducts was conducted. Results and Discussion. The patients of the group I demonstrated a gradual decrease of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels, which reached the normal readings on day 7. The patients of the group II demonstrated normal levels of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase on day 14. The patients of the group III demonstrated rapid decrease of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels, which reached the normal readings on day 28. The transaminase level in each group of patients had reached the norm earlier.Цель работы: изучить эффективность билиарной декомпрессии после внешнего, внутреннего дренирования желчных протоков, эндоскопических транспапилярных вмешательств у больных с обтурационной желтухой неопухолевого генеза. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты хирургического лечения 200 больных с обтурационной желтухой доб­рокачественного генеза. Больные были разделены на три группы: I группа (n = 95) – применяли эндоскопические способы билиарной декомпрессии, II группа (n = 48) – сформировано билиодигестивные анастомозы, III группа (n = 57) – проводили наружное дренирование желчных протоков.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Результаты исследований и их обсуждение. В І группе больных наблюдалось постепенное снижение уровня билирубина и щелочной фосфатазы и достижения нормального уровня на 7 сутки. Во ІІ группе нормализацию билирубина и щелочной фосфатазы отмечено на 14 сутки. В ІІІ группе было быстрое снижение уровня билирубина и щелочной фосфатазы и их нормализация на 28 сутки. Уровень трансаминаз достигал нормы раньше в каждой группе больных.Мета роботи: вивчити ефективність біліарної декомпресії після зовнішнього, внутрішнього дренування жовчних проток, ендоскопічних транспапілярних втручань у хворих на обтураційну жовтяницю непухлинного генезу. Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано результати хірургічного лікування 200 хворих на обтураційну жовтяницю доброякісного генезу. Хворі були розподілені на три групи: І група (n = 95) – застосовували ендоскопічні способи біліарної декомпресії, ІІ&nbsp;група (n = 48) – сформовано біліодигестивні анастомози, ІІІ група (n = 57) – проводили зовнішнє дренування жовчних проток. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У І групі хворих спостерігалось поступове зниження рівня білірубіну та лужної фосфатази і досягнення нормального рівня на 7 добу. У ІІ групі нормалізацію білірубіну і лужної фосфатази відмічено на 14 добу. У ІІІ групі було швидке зниження рівня білірубіну та лужної фосфатази та їхньої нормалізації на 28 добу. Рівень трансаміназ досягав норми раніше у кожній групі хворих

Towards the new thematic Core service Tsunami within the EPOS research infrastructure

Tsunamis constitute a significant hazard for European coastal populations, and the impact of tsunami events worldwide can extend well beyond the coastal regions directly affected. Understanding the complex mechanisms of tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation, as well as managing the tsunami risk, requires multidisciplinary research and infrastructures that cross national boundaries. Recent decades have seen both great advances in tsunami science and consolidation of the European tsunami research community. A recurring theme has been the need for a sustainable platform for coordinated tsunami community activities and a hub for tsunami services. Following about three years of preparation, in July 2021, the European tsunami community attained the status of Candidate Thematic Core Service (cTCS) within the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Research Infrastructure. Within a transition period of three years, the Tsunami candidate TCS is anticipated to develop into a fully operational EPOS TCS. We here outline the path taken to reach this point, and the envisaged form of the future EPOS TCS Tsunami. Our cTCS is planned to be organised within four thematic pillars: (1) Support to Tsunami Service Providers, (2) Tsunami Data, (3) Numerical Models, and (4) Hazard and Risk Products. We outline how identified needs in tsunami science and tsunami risk mitigation will be addressed within this structure and how participation within EPOS will become an integration point for community developmen

Dynamical reconstruction of the upper-ocean state in the central Arctic during the winter period of the MOSAiC expedition

This paper presents a methodological tool for dynamic reconstruction of the state of the ocean, based, as an example, on observations from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) experiment. The data used in this study were collected in the Amundsen Basin between October 2019 and January 2020. Analysing observational data to assess tracer field and upper-ocean dynamics is highly challenging when measurement platforms drift with the ice pack due to continuous drift speed and direction changes. We have equipped the new version of the coastal branch of the global Finite-volumE sea ice–Ocean Model (FESOM-C) with a nudging method. Model nudging was carried out assuming a quasi-steady state. Overall, the model can reproduce the lateral and vertical structure of the temperature, salinity, and density fields, which allows for projecting dynamically consistent features of these fields onto a regular grid. We identify two separate depth ranges of enhanced eddy kinetic energy located around two maxima in buoyancy frequency: the depth of the upper halocline and the depth of the warm (modified) Atlantic Water. Simulations reveal a notable decrease in surface layer salinity and density in the Amundsen Basin towards the north but no significant gradient from east to west. However, we find a mixed-layer deepening from east to west, with a 0.084 m km−1 gradient at 0.6 m km−1 standard deviation, compared to a weak deepening from south to north. The model resolves several stationary eddies in the warm Atlantic Water and provides insights into the associated dynamics. The model output can be used to further analyse the thermohaline structure and related dynamics associated with mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the central Arctic, such as estimates of heat fluxes or mass transport. The developed nudging method can be utilized to incorporate observational data from a diverse set of instruments and for further analysis of data from the MOSAiC expedition.</p

Compressed representation of a partially defined integer function over multiple arguments

In OLAP (OnLine Analitical Processing) data are analysed in an n-dimensional cube. The cube may be represented as a partially defined function over n arguments. Considering that often the function is not defined everywhere, we ask: is there a known way of representing the function or the points in which it is defined, in a more compact manner than the trivial one