EFICÁCIA DE ALIMENTOS NO ALÍVIO DOS SINTOMAS DA DEPRESSÃO: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA

Objetivo: Descrever a eficácia de alimentos isoladamente ou em associação (dietas) na prevenção da depressão ou alívio dos sintomas da doença. Métodos: A busca de evidências científicas foi realizada na base de dados PubMed utilizando a seguinte estratégia de busca: (“Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant” [Mesh] AND “Food” [Mesh]).  Dois filtros foram utilizados: “Publicações dos últimos 10 anos” e “Estudos em humanos”. Resultados: A busca inicial resgatou 310 artigos e após triagem, 10 foram lidos na íntegra e incluídos na presente revisão narrativa. Estes artigos avaliaram 18.718 pacientes, com idades variando de 18 a 81 anos. Os seguintes alimentos, grupos de alimentos ou dietas foram apontados como efetivos na prevenção dos sintomas depressivos ou na redução dos mesmos em caso de doença instalada: Frutas (4/10 artigos), vegetais (3/10), cereais integrais (3/10), peixe (3/10), castanhas (2/10), café (1/10), dieta Lacto-vegetariana (1/10) e dieta Mediterrânea enriquecida com óleo de oliva (1/10). Conclusão: A presente revisão mostrou que vários alimentos, grupos de alimentos ou dietas podem prevenir e também reduzir os sintomas depressivos. O presente estudo reforça que a promoção de uma alimentação saudável é medida de saúde pública efetiva e deve ser incentivada. Palavras-chave: alimentos; eficácia; depressão.   Abstract Objective: The main objective of the present study was to describe the efficacy of food alone or in combination (diets) in preventing depression or alleviating the symptoms of the disease. Methods: The search for scientific evidence was carried out in the PubMed database using the following search strategy: (“Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant” [Mesh] AND “Food” [Mesh]). Two types of filters were adopted: “Publications of the last 10 years” and “Human studies”. Results: The initial search retrieved 310 articles and after screening, 10 were read in full and included in this narrative review. These articles evaluated 18,718 patients, with ages ranging from 18 to 81 years. The following foods, food groups or diets were identified as effective in preventing depressive symptoms or reducing them in case of installed disease: Fruits (4/10 articles), vegetables (3/10), whole grains (3/10), fish (3/10), nuts (2/10), coffee (1/10), Lacto-vegetarian diet (1/10) and Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil (1/10). Conclusion: The present review showed that various foods, food groups or diets can prevent and also reduce depressive symptoms. The present study reinforces that the promotion of a healthy diet is an effective public health measure and should be encouraged. Keywords: foods; efficacy; depression

Síndrome de Alport: Alport syndrome

Introdução: Síndrome de Alport (SA) é uma doença hereditária caracterizada por nefropatia hemorrágica familiar, surdez neurossensorial e alterações oculares. Sua patologia está relacionada a mutações nos genes COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5 os quais são responsáveis por codificar síntese do colágeno tipo IV, que é essencial para a formação da membrana basal de diversos órgãos. Apresentação do caso: 23 ANOS, sexo masculino, natural do Rio de Janeiro - RJ, procurou atendimento médico com queixa de hipoacusia bilateral, diminuição da acuidade visual e edema progressivo de membros inferiores. Discussão: sua clínica é composta por manifestações renais como hematúria e/ou proteinúria, que com o tempo evoluem para falência renal; manifestações oculares, como lentecone anterior, catarata, “flecks” na retina, nistagmo e miopia; e manifestações auditivas nas quais ocorrem o desenvolvimento de perda auditiva neurossensorial de alta frequência.O diagnóstico da síndrome é suspeitado quando existem familiares com histórico de insuficiência renal, surdez e perda visual. Em 15% dos casos, não há histórico familiar associado, sendo necessária a realização de biópsia renal. Conclusão: quando o prognóstico do paciente é desfavorável, é necessário um adequado suporte clínico em medidas preventivas e terapêuticas, tanto farmacológicas quanto dietéticas, para que se possa retardar as complicações, principalmente a piora da função renal e uma necessidade de diálise ou até mesmo transplante dos rins

Gist ileal: Ileal Gist

Introdução: Os tumores estromais gastrointestinais (GISTs) são os tumores mesenquimatosos mais comuns no trato gastrointestinal, podendo acometer qualquer parte do trato gastrointestinal, embora sejam mais frequentemente diagnosticados no estômago. Apresentação do caso:  Paciente do sexo masculino, 63 anos de idade, com uma massa abdominal localizada em região epigástrica descoberta em exame físico e biopsiada através de endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) realizada em caráter de urgência. Foi confirmado GIST por imuno-histoquímica (CD117) e feita pesquisa em linfonodos, com resultado negativo para acometimento. Realizada a ressecção total do tumor e margens cirúrgicas livres. Discussão: Os tumores estromais gastrointestinais (GIST) possuíam outras denominações que foram sendo modificadas de acordo com as descobertas a respeito desse grupo neoplásico. Inicialmente, acreditava-se que tinham origem na musculatura lisa e, por isso, foram chamados de leiomiomas, leiomiossarcomas e schwannomas. O nome GIST foi estabelecido apenas ao descobrir a origem nas células intersticiais de Cajal, que possuem a expressão de mutação do proto-oncogene codificador do receptor-kit. Aproximadamente 85% dessas neoplasias resultam de mutações ativas nos receptores da proteína tirosina quinase. Conclusão: Seu tratamento é realizado por remoção cirúrgica. Por serem os tumores mais comuns do trato gastrointestinal, devem ser diagnosticados e tratados para melhor sobrevida dos pacientes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Recent advances in lanthanide spectroscopy in Brazil

This review discusses recent advances in lanthanide spectroscopy involving luminescence applications Q2 carried out in Brazil. The revised topics include glasses, sol–gel, light-emitting diodes, nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, coordination polymers, thin films, energy transfer processes, upconversion and development of new theoretical tools. The important role played by Prof. Oscar L. Malta on this subject is evidenced by his many contributions to the broad range of investigations reported here and this review is dedicated to him, on the occasion of his 60th birthday

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Sustainability Agenda for the Pantanal Wetland: Perspectives on a Collaborative Interface for Science, Policy, and Decision-Making

International audienceBuilding bridges between environmental and political agendas is essential nowadays in face of the increasing human pressure on natural environments, including wetlands. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services for humanity and can generate a considerable direct or indirect income to the local communities. To meet many of the sustainable development goals, we need to move our trajectory from the current environmental destructive development to a wiser wetland use. The current article contain a proposed agenda for the Pantanal aiming the improvement of public policy for conservation in the Pantanal, one of the largest, most diverse, and continuous inland wetland in the world. We suggest and discuss a list of 11 essential interfaces between science, policy, and development in region linked to the proposed agenda. We believe that a functional science network can booster the collaborative capability to generate creative ideas and solutions to address the big challenges faced by the Pantanal wetland