Evaluation of the impact of oral health on the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) / Avaliação do impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC)

Quality of Life (QoL) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as subjective and multidimensional in nature. Studies have shown that oral condition may be a modifying factor for individuals QoL. Objective: To assess the impact of oral health on the QoL of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hemodialysis. Methods: The present control-case study selected one hundred patients with CKD in hemodialysis, who were paired with one hundred control patients. General QoL and the impact of the oral health on QoL were evaluated through the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), respectively. Results: The mean OHIP-14 for the control group was 6.06 (± 7.44) and 4.67 (± 6.52) for the CKD group. No statistically significant difference was observed between groups. Conclusions: Oral health had a low impact on the QoL of patients in the CKD group. A conception of multidisciplinary care in this group of patients may represent an increase not only in the treatment of the primary disease, but also in the general QoL of these patients.

O PAPEL DO ANESTESISTA EM CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS

The anesthetist plays a crucial role in palliative care, contributing to improving the quality of life of patients with serious and terminal illnesses. Although they have a tradition associated with administering anesthesia in surgical procedures, these professionals have a specialization in pain and symptom management, making them fundamental in this context. The anesthetist's main focus in palliative care is effective pain control. Using a variety of approaches, such as analgesic medications and nerve blocks, they seek to alleviate patients' suffering, promoting comfort and well-being. Additionally, their expertise extends to managing symptoms related to the underlying illness, providing relief from symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea, and anxiety. An interdisciplinary approach is essential in palliative care, and anesthetists collaborate closely with other healthcare professionals such as nurses, psychologists and social workers. This collaboration aims to meet the holistic needs of patients, considering not only the physical aspects, but also the emotional, social and spiritual aspects. In addition to their expertise in symptom management, anesthetists play an educational role by providing information about treatment options and prognosis. This allows patients and their families to make informed decisions and actively participate in care planning. The palliative care anesthetist plays a multifaceted role, focusing on pain management, symptom management, and promoting the overall well-being of patients. Their integrated contribution in interdisciplinary teams reflects the comprehensive approach required to provide effective and compassionate palliative care and thus their fundamental role in providing patient care.O anestesista desempenha um papel crucial nos cuidados paliativos, contribuindo para melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doenças graves e terminais. Embora tenham tradição associada à administração de anestesia em procedimentos cirúrgicos, esses profissionais têm uma especialização em gerenciamento de dor e sintomas, tornando-os fundamentais nesse contexto. O principal foco do anestesista em cuidados paliativos é o controle eficaz da dor. Utilizando uma variedade de abordagens, como medicamentos analgésicos e bloqueios nervosos, eles buscam aliviar o sofrimento dos pacientes, promovendo conforto e bem-estar. Além disso, sua experiência se estende à gestão de sintomas relacionados à doença subjacente, proporcionando alívio de sintomas como falta de ar, náuseas e ansiedade. A abordagem interdisciplinar é essencial nos cuidados paliativos, e os anestesistas colaboram estreitamente com outros profissionais de saúde, como enfermeiros, psicólogos e assistentes sociais. Essa colaboração visa atender às necessidades holísticas dos pacientes, considerando não apenas os aspectos físicos, mas também os emocionais, sociais e espirituais. Além de sua expertise no controle de sintomas, os anestesistas desempenham um papel educativo ao fornecer informações sobre opções de tratamento e prognóstico. Isso permite que os pacientes e suas famílias tomem decisões informadas e participem ativamente do planejamento de cuidados. O anestesista em cuidados paliativos desempenha um papel multifacetado, concentrando-se no intervalo da dor, gerenciamento de sintomas e promoção do bem-estar global dos pacientes. Sua contribuição integrada em equipes interdisciplinares reflete a abordagem abrangente necessária para fornecer cuidados paliativos eficazes e compassivos sendo assim seu papel fundamental para fornecer cuidados com o paciente

RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM OBESIDADE

Obesity in children and adolescents is a growing public health problem, associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular risk. This summary addresses the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular risk in this population group. Studies indicate that childhood obesity is strongly linked to cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. The accumulation of excessive adipose tissue contributes to the activation of inflammatory processes and metabolic dysregulation, triggering changes in the cardiovascular system. Obese children and adolescents often have high levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure, predisposing them to early cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, obesity in youth is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events in adulthood. Early interventions are crucial to prevent long-term complications. Strategies that include dietary modifications, increased physical activity and psychosocial support have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing weight and improving markers of cardiovascular health. In summary, obesity in children and adolescents represents a serious public health problem, associated with a substantial increase in cardiovascular risk. The implementation of preventive measures and therapeutic interventions is essential to mitigate the negative impacts of this condition on the cardiovascular health of these individuals throughout their lives. The increasing prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has become a global public health concern, leading to significant implications for the cardiovascular risk in this age group. The relationship between obesity and cardiovascular disorders in this group is complex and multifactorial. Childhood obesity is intrinsically linked to adverse metabolic changes, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure. These conditions, in turn, contribute to the early development of atherosclerosis, increasing the propensity for cardiovascular events in adult life. Systemic inflammation, triggered by excess adipose tissue, also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these cardiovascular complications.A obesidade em crianças e adolescentes é um problema de saúde pública crescente, associado a um aumento significativo no risco cardiovascular. Este resumo aborda a relação entre obesidade e risco cardiovascular nesse grupo populacional. Estudos indicam que a obesidade na infância está fortemente ligada a fatores de risco cardiovascular, como hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e resistência à insulina. O acúmulo de tecido adiposo excessivo contribui para a ativação de processos inflamatórios e desregulação metabólica, desencadeando alterações no sistema cardiovascular. Crianças e adolescentes obesos frequentemente apresentam níveis elevados de colesterol, triglicerídeos e pressão arterial, predispondo-os a doenças cardiovasculares precoces. Além disso, a obesidade na juventude está associada ao desenvolvimento de aterosclerose, aumentando o risco de eventos cardiovasculares na vida adulta. Intervenções precoces são cruciais para prevenir complicações a longo prazo. Estratégias que incluem modificações na dieta, aumento da atividade física e suporte psicossocial têm demonstrado eficácia na redução do peso e melhoria dos marcadores de saúde cardiovascular. Em resumo, a obesidade em crianças e adolescentes representa um sério problema de saúde pública, associado a um aumento substancial no risco cardiovascular. A implementação de medidas preventivas e intervenções terapêuticas é essencial para mitigar os impactos negativos dessa condição na saúde cardiovascular desses indivíduos ao longo da vida A prevalência crescente da obesidade em crianças e adolescentes tornou-se uma preocupação global de saúde pública, acarretando implicações significativas para o risco cardiovascular nessa faixa etária. A relação entre obesidade e distúrbios cardiovasculares nesse grupo é complexa e multifatorial. A obesidade infantil está intrinsecamente ligada a alterações metabólicas adversas, incluindo resistência à insulina, dislipidemia e hipertensão arterial. Essas condições, por sua vez, contribuem para o desenvolvimento precoce de aterosclerose, aumentando a propensão a eventos cardiovasculares na vida adulta. A inflamação sistêmica, desencadeada pelo excesso de tecido adiposo, também desempenha um papel crucial na patogênese dessas complicações cardiovasculares

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pre-treatment and extraction techniques for recovery of added value compounds from wastes throughout the agri-food chain

The enormous quantity of food wastes discarded annually force to look for alternatives for this interesting feedstock. Thus, food bio-waste valorisation is one of the imperatives of the nowadays society. This review is the most comprehensive overview of currently existing technologies and processes in this field. It tackles classical and innovative physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods of food waste pre-treatment and extraction for recovery of added value compounds and detection by modern technologies and are an outcome of the COST Action EUBIS, TD1203 Food Waste Valorisation for Sustainable Chemicals, Materials and Fuels

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost