Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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Frequência de hermafroditas e distribuição de tipos de acasalamento em populações de Fusarium verticillioides associadas ao milho em diferentes zonas climáticas do Brasil

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores e consumidores de milho (Zea mays L.) do mundo e a fusariose, causada por Fusarium verticillioides, seja em espigas ou no colmo, é um problema recorrente quando condições ambientes favorecem o surgimento de epidemias no campo ou em armazenamento. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar por meio de cruzamentos sexuais, isolados de F. verticillioides dos três principais climas zonais que se cultiva milho no Brasil. Através de cruzamentos de isolados do campo de F. verticillioides, com testadores de G. moniliformis; e determinar a taxa de fertilidade, frequência de hermafroditismo, e tamanho efetivo da população. Dos 300 isolados estudados, 231 tiveram cruzamento fértil. Os tipos de acasalamento MAT-1 e MAT-2 segregaram numa proporção 105:126. Entre os 231 isolados férteis, 96 se comportaram como hermafroditas e 135 como fêmeas estéreis. Na população total, do Brasil, levando em consideração o tipo de acasalamento, o tamanho efetivo da população Ne(mt), foi de 99% da população total, e tomando por base a frequência de hermafrodita , o tamanho efetivo Ne(f) foi de 83% da população total. Quando o número total de isolados é subdividido em três populações distintas, baseado nas condições de clima de local de coleta dos isolados, as frequências de hermafroditas foram; 33 hermafroditas dentre 80 isolados férteis do Clima Zonal Tropical Equatorial (ZTE), com 47 se comportando como fêmea estéril; 14 hermafroditas dentre 78 isolados férteis do Clima Zonal Temperado (ZT), com 64 se comportando como fêmea estéril; e 49 hermafroditas dentre 73 isolados do Clima Zonal Tropical Brasil Central (ZTBC), com apenas 24 se comportando como fêmea estéril. O tamanho efetivo das populações representadas por isolados dos climas ZTE, ZT e ZTBC, foram Ne(mt) = 99, 100, 97 e Ne(f) = 83, 52, 96 respectivamente, expresso em porcentagem do número total de indivíduos de cada população. A população brasileira de F. verticillioides analisada apresenta alto índice de fertilidade e tamanho efetivo, sugerindo a possibilidade de frequente reprodução sexuada no campo. Aparentemente, existe uma tendência de maior fertilidade da população em latitudes menores, representadas pelo clima tropical.Brazil is one of the biggest producers and consumers of maize (Zea mays L.) in the world and the fusariosis caused by F. verticillioides, on ears and or on stalk, is a recurrent problem when environmental conditions favor epidemics in the field or in storage. The present study aimed to characterize through crosses the F. verticillioides isolates from the three main climatic zones where maize is grown in Brazil. The fertility and effective population size were calculated from data generated by crossing field isolates with female fertile testers of F. verticillioides. For the entire population, 231 out of 300 isolates were cross-fertile with tester isolates. MAT-1 and MAT-2 idiomorphs of the fertile isolates segregated in a 105:126 rate. Female isolates (hermaphrodites) were 96 out of 231 fertile isolates, while 135 were male only isolates. The Ne(mt) was 99% of the count for the Brazilian population when the mating type idiomorphs were used as predictors in the estimative of the population size. But when this calculation was made on the basis of the female fertile isolates the Ne(f) was 83%. When the total population is divided into sub-populations representing climatic zones, the frequencies of female fertile isolates were 33 out of 80 fertile isolates from the Equatorial Tropical Zonal Climate (ETZC); 14 out of 78 fertile isolates from the Temperate Zonal Climate (TZC); and 49 out of 73 fertile isolates from the Tropical Central Brazil Zonal Climate (TCBZ). The effective population size expressed in percentage of the total number of individual in each population for the three populations represented by isolates from the ETZC, TZC and TCBZ were Ne(mt) = 99, 100, 97 and Ne(f) = 83, 52, 96 respectively. The Brazilian population of F. verticillioides shows high fertility and high effective population size, suggesting the possibility of frequent sexual reproduction in the field. Apparently there is a tendency of higher fertility in populations established at low latitudes, represented by the tropical climate.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPE

Fungal planet description sheets: 625-715

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia:Apiognomonia lasiopetali on Lasiopetalum sp Blastacervulus eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus adesmophloia,Bullanockia australis (incl. Bullanockia gen. nov.) on Kingia australis, Caliciopsis eucalypti on Eucalyptus marginata, Celerioriella petrophiles on Petrophile teretifolia, Coleophoma xanthosiae on Xanthosia rotundifolia, Coniothyrium hakeae on Hakea sp Diatrypella banksiae on Banksia formosa, Disculoides corymbiae on Corymbia calophylla, Elsinoë eelemani on Melaleuca alternifolia, Elsinoë eucalyptigena onEucalyptus kingsmillii, Elsinoë preissianae on Eucalyptus preissiana, Eucasphaeria rustici on Eucalyptus creta, Hyweljonesia queenslandica (incl. Hyweljonesia gen. nov.) on the cocoon of an unidentified microlepidoptera, Mycodiella eucalypti (incl. Mycodiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus diversicolor,Myrtapenidiella sporadicae on Eucalyptus sporadica, Neocrinula xanthorrhoeae (incl. Neocrinula gen. nov.) on Xanthorrhoea sp, Ophiocordyceps nooreniae on dead ant, Phaeosphaeriopsis agavacearum on Agavesp, Phlogicylindrium mokarei on Eucalyptus sp, Phyllosticta acaciigena on Acacia suaveolens,Pleurophoma acaciae on Acacia glaucoptera, Pyrenochaeta hakeae on Hakea sp, Readeriella lehmannii onEucalyptus lehmannii, Saccharata banksiae on Banksia grandis, Saccharata daviesiae on Daviesia pachyphylla, Saccharata eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus bigalerita, Saccharata hakeae on Hakea baxteri,Saccharata hakeicola on Hakea victoria, Saccharata lambertiae on Lambertia ericifolia, Saccharata petrophiles on Petrophile sp, Saccharata petrophilicola on Petrophile fastigiata, Sphaerellopsis hakeae onHakea sp, and Teichospora kingiae on Kingia australis. Brazil: Adautomilanezia caesalpiniae (incl. Adautomilanezia gen. nov.) on Caesalpina echinata, Arthrophiala arthrospora (incl. Arthrophiala gen. nov.) on Sagittaria montevidensis, Diaporthe caatingaensis (endophyte from Tacinga inamoena), Geastrum ishikawae on sandy soil, Geastrum pusillipilosum on soil, Gymnopus pygmaeus on dead leaves and sticks,Inonotus hymenonitens on decayed angiosperm trunk, Pyricularia urashimae on Urochloa brizantha, andSynnemellisia aurantia on Passiflora edulis. Chile: Tubulicrinis australis on Lophosoria quadripinnata.France: Cercophora squamulosa from submerged wood, and Scedosporium cereisporum from fluids of a wastewater treatment plant. Hawaii: Beltraniella acaciae, Dactylaria acaciae, Rhexodenticula acaciae,Rubikia evansii and Torula acaciae (all on Acacia koa). India: Lepidoderma echinosporum on dead semi-woody stems, and Rhodocybe rubrobrunnea from soil. Iran: Talaromyces kabodanensis from hypersaline soil.La Réunion: Neocordana musarum from leaves of Musa sp. Malaysia: Anungitea eucalyptigena onEucalyptus grandis × pellita, Camptomeriphila leucaenae (incl. Camptomeriphila gen. nov.) on Leucaena leucocephala, Castanediella communis on Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptostroma eucalypti (incl.Eucalyptostroma gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus pellita, Melanconiella syzygii on Syzygium sp, Mycophilomyces periconiae (incl. Mycophilomyces gen. nov.) as hyperparasite on Periconia on leaves of Albizia falcataria,Synnemadiella eucalypti (incl. Synnemadiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus pellita, and Teichospora nephelii onNephelium lappaceum. Mexico: Aspergillus bicephalus from soil. New Zealand: Aplosporella sophorae onSophora microphylla, Libertasomyces platani on Platanus sp, Neothyronectria sophorae (incl.Neothyronectria gen. nov.) on Sophora microphylla, Parastagonospora phoenicicola on Phoenix canariensis, Phaeoacremonium pseudopanacis on Pseudopanax crassifolius, Phlyctema phoenicis onPhoenix canariensis, and Pseudoascochyta novae-zelandiae on Cordyline australis. Panama: Chalara panamensis from needle litter of Pinus cf. caribaea. South Africa: Exophiala eucalypti on leaves ofEucalyptus sp, Fantasmomyces hyalinus (incl. Fantasmomyces gen. nov.) on Acacia exuvialis,Paracladophialophora carceris (incl. Paracladophialophora gen. nov.) on Aloe sp, and Umthunziomyces hagahagensis (incl. Umthunziomyces gen. nov.) on Mimusops caffra. Spain: Clavaria griseobrunnea on bare ground in Pteridium aquilinum field, Cyathus ibericus on small fallen branches of Pinus halepensis, Gyroporus pseudolacteus in humus of Pinus pinaster, and Pseudoascochyta pratensis (incl. Pseudoascochyta gen. nov.) from soil. Thailand: Neoascochyta adenii on Adenium obesum, and Ochroconis capsici on Capsicum annuum. UK: Fusicolla melogrammae from dead stromata of Melogramma campylosporum on bark ofCarpinus betulus. Uruguay: Myrmecridium pulvericola from house dust. USA: Neoscolecobasidium agapanthi (incl. Neoscolecobasidium gen. nov.) on Agapanthus sp, Polyscytalum purgamentum on leaf litter,Pseudopithomyces diversisporus from human toenail, Saksenaea trapezispora from knee wound of a soldier, and Sirococcus quercus from Quercus sp. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided. © 2017 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data