Shame and depression: Psychological and cultural factors in a sample of Middle Eastern women

Shame is a self-conscious emotion that has been frequently tied to psychopathology; however, despite its deep-rooted influence in the Arab culture, little research has been conducted on its effect on the mental health of this population. Thus, this study investigated the impact of shame proneness on depression severity in a sample of adult Middle Eastern women living in the United States. The study also explored other factors that are highly relevant for this population, including anger suppression, religiosity, interdependent self construal, and Middle Eastern ethnic identity. Specifically, the study investigated the role anger suppression plays in explaining the relationship between shame and depression. Religiosity’s possible impact on strengthening the relationships between shame and anger suppression was also examined. Finally, interdependent self construal and ethnic identity’s effects on the relationship between shame and depression were assessed. Participants included 203 adult women who self-identified as Middle Eastern or Arab-American. Data were collected electronically, utilizing several self-report measures. Results showed that shame proneness was a significant and positive predictor of depression severity. Additionally, anger suppression was found to play a significant role in explaining the relationship between shame and depression. Contrary to the authors’ prediction, degree of religiosity did not significantly strengthen the relationship between shame and anger suppression and, instead was significantly and negatively correlated with shame, anger suppression, and depression. Similarly, interdependent self construal and ethnic identity did not significantly strengthen the relationship between shame and depression severity. Clinical implications are discussed in the context of risk and protective factors of mental health in Middle Eastern women

Parenting in Egypt: Recommendations for a parenting program for upper and middle class Egyptians

Parenting is key for the healthy development of children. It is a complex role that requires a great deal of support. Parenting or parent education programs are good tools for supporting parents but they are not widely available in Egypt, and the ones that are available may not be culturally sensitive to the Egyptian context. In order to develop an effective parenting program, an assessment of parenting training and support needs was conducted. An online survey was administered to parents (n = 255, 47% completion rate) of children aged 0 to 12 to assess their knowledge of child development, their parenting and disciplining style, their perceptions of their strengths and struggles as parents, and their interest and needs in a parenting program. The participants exhibited some knowledge of child development with various gaps and misconceptions. Their parenting styles were inconsistent with discipline a mix of lax and harsh practices. Their saw their strengths as lying in loving and educating, and identified challenges with discipline. They also expressed interest in participating in parenting programs. Suggestions for developing parenting programs in Egypt are made based on these results. Further research is required to better understand Egyptian parenting in order to provide appropriate support for their own and their children’s wellbeing

PENERAPAN MODEL MULTILITERASI TRANSFORMASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PANTUN SISWA KELAS V

ABSTRAK Siswa harus menguasai berbagai macam bentuk teks, salah satunya adalah teks pantun. Berdasarkan hasil observasi kelas V di SDN Wangunreja, nilai siswa dalam pembelajaran menulis pantun kurang dari KKM. Maka penulis mencoba menerapkan model Multiliterasi Transformasi dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan dan keterampilan siswa setelah diterapkan model multiliterasi transformasi dalam kegiatan menulis pantun. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode PTK dengan desain penelitian Kemmis dan MC Taggard, melalui 2 siklus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN Wangunreja dengan subjek penelitian 33 siswa. Terdapat peningkatan pada kemampuan siswa dalam menulis pantun setelah diterapkannya model multiliterasi transformasi, hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hasil aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Rata-rata hasil tes kemampuan menulis pantun pada pra siklus 64,54 dengan ketuntasan belajar klasikal 51%. Siklus I presentase ketuntasan mencapai 76% dengan rata-rata 70,07. Siklus II presentase ketuntasan siswa meningkat menjadi 91% dengan nilai rata-rata 85,22. Dengan demikian penerapan model Multiliterasi Transformasi dapat meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis pantun. ----- ABSTRACT Writing is a skill that must owned by students. Many genre and text that must mastered students, one of the text is pantun. However, in the fact student of class fifth SDN Wangunreja when do writing Pantun have a low score, their score less than 70. So the researcher trying to apply model Multiliteracy Transformation for increase student skills when writing pantun. The purpose for this research is find out application of model Multiliteracy Transformation and knowing results after use model Multiliteracy Transformation. This research uses classroom action research (CAR) with Kemmis and Mc Taggart research design. The subjects of research were 33 fifth-grade students at one of the elementary school in Subang City, SDN Wangunreja. The research instrument used are written test pantun, student activity observation sheets, and teacher activity observation sheets. The results of students’ science literacy test average score in the pre-cycle was 64. 54 with a classical mastery percentage of 51%. The average score in the first cycle was 70.07 with a percentage of 76% and the average score in the second cycle rose to 85.22 with percentage of 91%. Thus, the application of the Multiliteracy Transformation approach can improve students’ writting pantun skills learning at the elementary schools

Incidence of Nosocomial Infection with Nasal Continuous Positive Air Way Pressure Versus Mechanical Ventilation During Treatment of Respiratory Distress in Preterm Neonates

Abstract: Objective: to determine the incidence of nosocomial infections in preterm infants with respiratory distress, if treatment with continuous positive air way pressure (CPAP) compared to treatment with mechanical ventilation (MV). Patients and Methods: Sixty premature neonates admitted to the intensive care unit in Al Galaa Teaching Hospital, in their first day of life suffering from respiratory distress, the infants were divided into two groups, 1 st group include 30 patients supported by CPAP and the 2 nd group include 30 patients who were supported by mechanical ventilation. Blood cultures and early endotracheal cultures were taken in the 1 st day of life from the sixty neonates in both groups then another late endotracheal culture was taken from them in the 5 th day of life. Results: 36.67% of patients in the MV group had +ve blood culture and 63.33% had no growth, while in the CPAP group 16.67% had +ve blood culture and 83.33% showed no growth. Early endotracheal cultures showed +ve growth in 63.33% in the MV groups a 23.33% in the CPAP group. (P=0.002), on the other hand late endotracheal cultures showed +ve growth in 36.67% in the MV group and 16.67% in the CPAP group. Klebsiella was the most frequent organism in all +ve cultures. Conclusion: The incidence of positive infection in blood cultures and endotracheal cultures is higher in the MV group than in the CPAP group. The incidence of klebsiella among the whole population in the two studied groups was higher in MV group more than in the CPAP group in all the cultures. Within the cases having positive cultures, MV patients needed longer duration on ventilation than patients on CPAP (whether the cultures were taken from the blood or endotracheal)

Dexmedetomidine versus Magnesium as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine-Induced Caudal Block in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Trial

Background: Caudal block remains fundamental in pediatric anesthetic practice. It is very useful in a wide range of surgical procedures and has proved to have a remarkable safety record, But one of the major limitations of the single-injection technique is the relatively short duration of postoperative analgesia .Prolongation of caudal analgesia using single-shot technique has been achieved by the addition of various adjuvant. objectives: The aim of this work is to compare magnesium and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine-induced caudal block in children undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery. Study design: Randomized double blind trial Settings: pediatric OR  of a tertiary care center Methods A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 36 children, aged between 1 and 7 years, scheduled for lower limb orthopedic surgery. Patients received general anesthesia in addition to caudal block. Patients were divided into three groups: Dexmedetomidine group (n=12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + 2 mcg/Kg dexmedetomidine, Magnesium group (n=12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + 50 mg magnesium, and control group (n=12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + normal saline. Patients were compared according to: duration of analgesia, pain scores, sedation scores, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. Results Both magnesium group and dexmedetomidine group showed better analgesic profile (duration of analgesia and pain scores) compared to the control group without significant difference between the two former groups. Dexmedetomidine group showed higher sedation score, lower mean arterial pressure and lower heart rate compared to other groups. limitations: 1- It is a single center study. 2- We used single dose for each drugs. 3-  We performed as single shot caudal block; thus, we could not extrapolate our findings in continuous blocks. Conclusions Both magnesium (50mg) and dexmedetomidine (2 mcg/Kg) improved the analgesic profile of bupivacaine-induced caudal block in children. Dexmedetomidine administration was accompanied with higher sedation score and negative hemodynamic profile. Keywords Caudal block, children, Magnesium, Dexmedetomidine. BACKGROUND: Caudal block remains fundamental in pediatric anaesthetic practice. It is very useful in a wide range of surgical procedures and has proved to have a remarkable safety record, But one of the major limitations of the single-injection technique is the relatively short duration of postoperative analgesia. Prolongation of caudal analgesia using single-shot technique has been achieved by the addition of various adjuvant. AIM: This work aims to compare magnesium and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine-induced caudal block in children undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind trial. SETTINGS: Pediatric or of a tertiary care centre. METHODS: A double-blinded, randomised controlled trial included 36 children, aged between 1 and 7 years, scheduled for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Patients received general anaesthesia in addition to the caudal block. Patients were divided into three groups: Dexmedetomidine group (n = 12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + 2 mcg/Kg dexmedetomidine, Magnesium group (n = 12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + 50 mg magnesium, and control group (n = 12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + normal saline. Patients were compared according to the duration of analgesia, pain scores, sedation scores, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. RESULTS: Both magnesium group and dexmedetomidine group showed better analgesic profile (duration of analgesia and pain scores) compared to the control group without significant difference between the two former groups. Dexmedetomidine group showed higher sedation score, lower mean arterial pressure and lower heart rate compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both magnesium (50 mg) and dexmedetomidine (2 mcg/Kg) improved the analgesic profile of bupivacaine-induced caudal block in children. Dexmedetomidine administration was accompanied with higher sedation score and negative hemodynamic profile

Discovery of directional and nondirectional pioneer transcription factors by modeling DNase profile magnitude and shape

We describe protein interaction quantitation (PIQ), a computational method for modeling the magnitude and shape of genome-wide DNase I hypersensitivity profiles to identify transcription factor (TF) binding sites. Through the use of machine-learning techniques, PIQ identified binding sites for >700 TFs from one DNase I hypersensitivity analysis followed by sequencing (DNase-seq) experiment with accuracy comparable to that of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). We applied PIQ to analyze DNase-seq data from mouse embryonic stem cells differentiating into prepancreatic and intestinal endoderm. We identified 120 and experimentally validated eight 'pioneer' TF families that dynamically open chromatin. Four pioneer TF families only opened chromatin in one direction from their motifs. Furthermore, we identified 'settler' TFs whose genomic binding is principally governed by proximity to open chromatin. Our results support a model of hierarchical TF binding in which directional and nondirectional pioneer activity shapes the chromatin landscape for population by settler TFs.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Common Fund 5UL1DE019581)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Common Fund RL1DE019021)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Common Fund 5TL1EB008540)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1U01HG007037)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 5P01NS055923

New hyperekplexia mutations provide insight into glycine receptor assembly, trafficking, and activation mechanisms

Background: Hyperekplexia mutations have provided much information about glycine receptor structure and function. Results: Weidentified and characterized nine new mutations. Dominant mutations resulted in spontaneous activation, whereas recessive mutations precluded surface expression. Conclusion: These data provide insight into glycine receptor activation mechanisms and surface expression determinants. Significance: The results enhance our understanding of hyperekplexia pathology and glycine receptor structure-function. © 2013 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic