A synthesis of women's participation in small-scale fisheries management : why women's voices matter

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MAltres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UABWhile women globally make up nearly half of the fisheries workforce, their contribution to the sector has long been overlooked with implications for fisheries management. To assess women's participation in small-scale fisheries (SSF) management and related socio-cultural, environmental, and economic impacts, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature (n = 124 case studies). Women had no or limited participation in more than 80% of the examined case studies reporting their participation level in SSF management. Women's exclusion from SSF management resulted in negative outcomes, whereas their active participation was associated with various positive impacts at multiple scales. Most of the documented impacts were socio-cultural, suggesting a gap in documenting environmental impacts stemmed from women's participation in SSF management. Importantly, most impacts reported affected the social-ecological system scale, suggesting that gender inclusion may contribute to improving the management of SSF social-ecological systems. We conclude by highlighting the need to foster gender perspectives in data collection methods used in fisheries research, in SSF management, and in ecological research on SSF social-ecological systems

Reflectance Measurements on Cultural Heritage

Cultural heritage is a valuable and characteristic symbol of every country. It should be handled with care and it must be exhaustively investigated and measured with non-destructive techniques. In this chapter, we will talk about different reflectance measurement techniques to obtain the conservation state of the artwork. With this reflectance characterization, conservators, and curators could soon determine the best maintenance procedures for restoration purposes. Also, a new technique for lighting will be discussed, where the artwork can be also photonically restored illuminating with the correct light in the desired area of the artwork using a spectrally selective projection system

Economía de Galicia tras el COVID-19: prospectiva de escenarios.

This work estimates the impact of COVID-19 in the year 2020, drawing possible recovery scenarios in the medium term. For this purpose, two methodologies are combined: on the one hand, it anticipates the quarterly evolution throughout 2020 of the 30 branches of activity; on the other, scenario simulation is based on a dynamic general equilibrium model that anticipates the reaction of an economy to an exogenous shock. The results for the Galician economy show that the contraction in economic activity ranges between 8.5% of GDP in an optimistic scenario and 12.7% in a pessimistic one

Intracoronary Administration of Allogeneic Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Myocardial Perfusion But Not Left Ventricle Function, in a Translational Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background-Autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) therapy is a promising strategy to improve post-myocardial infarction outcomes. In a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction, we studied the long-term effects and the mechanisms involved in allogeneic ATMSCs administration on myocardial performance. Methods and Results-Thirty-eight pigs underwent 50 minutes of coronary occlusion; the study was completed in 33 pigs. After reperfusion, allogeneic ATMSCs or culture medium (vehicle) were intracoronarily administered. Follow-ups were performed at short (2 days after acute myocardial infarction vehicle-treated, n=10; ATMSCs-treated, n=9) or long term (60 days after acute myocardial infarction vehicle-treated, n=7; ATMSCs-treated, n=7). At short term, infarcted myocardium analysis showed reduced apoptosis in the ATMSCs-treated animals (48.6 +/- 6\% versus 55.9 +/- 5.7\% in vehicle; P=0.017); enhancement of the reparative process with up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and stromal-derived factor-1 alpha gene expression; and increased M2 macrophages (67.2 +/- 10\% versus 54.7 +/- 10.2\% in vehicle; P=0.016). In long-term groups, increase in myocardial perfusion at the anterior infarct border was observed both on day-7 and day-60 cardiac magnetic resonance studies in ATMSCs-treated animals, compared to vehicle (87.9 +/- 28.7 versus 57.4 +/- 17.7 mL/min per gram at 7 days; P=0.034 and 99 +/- 22.6 versus 43.3 +/- 14.7 22.6 mL/min per gram at 60 days; P=0.0001, respectively). At day 60, higher vascular density was detected at the border zone in the ATMSCs-treated animals (118 +/- 18 versus 92.4 +/- 24.3 vessels/mm(2) in vehicle; P=0.045). Cardiac magnetic resonance-measured left ventricular ejection fraction of left ventricular volumes was not different between groups at any time point. Conclusions-In this porcine acute myocardial infarction model, allogeneic ATMSCs-based therapy was associated with increased cardioprotective and reparative mechanisms and with better cardiac magnetic resonance-measured perfusion. No effect on left ventricular volumes or ejection fraction was observed.This work was supported by grants from Fundacion la Marato de TV3 (122230); Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FIS PI14/01682), (RD12/0042/0006), (RD12/0042/0047), (RD12/0019/0029) (TerCel RD16/0011/0006), CIBER Cardiovascular (CB16/11/00403) projects and Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (SAF2011-30067-C02-01) (SAF2014-59892). Fernaandez-Jimenez was the recipient of nonoverlapping grants from the Ministerio de Economia, Industria, y Competitividad through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Rio Hortega fellowship); and the Fundacion Jesus Serra, the Fundacion Interhospitalaria de Investigacion Cardiovascular (FIC), and the CNIC (FICNIC fellowship). The use of QMass software was partly supported by a scientific collaboration between the CNIC and Medis Medical Imaging Systems BV. The CNIC is supported by the Ministerio de Economia, Industria, y Competitividad (MINECO) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (MINECO award SEV-2015-0505). This work was also funded by ``la Caixa Banking Foundation, and the Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR 2014, CERCA Programme). This work has been developed in the context of AdvanceCat with the support of ACCIO (Catalonia Trade \& Investment; Generalitat de Catalunya) under the Catalonian ERDF operational program (European Regional Development Fund) 2014-2020.S

Legitimidades en disputa: la construcción estatal en escenarios de posconflicto

Esquemáticamente, se puede plantear que gran parte de las investigaciones sobre la paz en Colombia se centran en las dinámicas de victimización y en la lógica del conflicto. En efecto, las series del Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica parten de esta perspectiva, aun cuando han referido estrategias de resistencia local y mencionan numerosos casos de construcción de paz en medio de la guerra. La paz desde la perspectiva del conflicto, se define como un proceso de desarme, reintegración y reparación. Sin embargo, vienen emergiendo otras lecturas que enfatizan las capacidades de las comunidades locales para soportar, negociar e, incluso, oponerse a los actores armados (Salamanca y Uribe, 2019). En esta línea, la paz se propone como un proceso que implica la transformación de relaciones de poder y de conflictos que emergen una vez se silencian los fusiles (Mac Ginty, 2008, 2010; Roberts, 2011). Esta perspectiva abre espacios para concepciones que superan la llamada estatalización y securitization de la paz. De esto trata este capitul

Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries

IMPORTANCE: Limited information exists about the epidemiology, recognition, management, and outcomes of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate intensive care unit (ICU) incidence and outcome of ARDS and to assess clinician recognition, ventilation management, and use of adjuncts-for example prone positioning-in routine clinical practice for patients fulfilling the ARDS Berlin Definition. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:The Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients undergoing invasive or noninvasive ventilation, conducted during 4 consecutive weeks in the winter of 2014 in a convenience sample of 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. EXPOSURES:Acute respiratory distress syndrome. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was ICU incidence of ARDS. Secondary outcomes included assessment of clinician recognition of ARDS, the application of ventilatory management, the use of adjunctive interventions in routine clinical practice, and clinical outcomes from ARDS. RESULTS: Of 29,144 patients admitted to participating ICUs, 3022 (10.4%) fulfilled ARDS criteria. Of these, 2377 patients developed ARDS in the first 48 hours and whose respiratory failure was managed with invasive mechanical ventilation. The period prevalence of mild ARDS was 30.0% (95% CI, 28.2%-31.9%); of moderate ARDS, 46.6% (95% CI, 44.5%-48.6%); and of severe ARDS, 23.4% (95% CI, 21.7%-25.2%). ARDS represented 0.42 cases per ICU bed over 4 weeks and represented 10.4% (95% CI, 10.0%-10.7%) of ICU admissions and 23.4% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Clinical recognition of ARDS ranged from 51.3% (95% CI, 47.5%-55.0%) in mild to 78.5% (95% CI, 74.8%-81.8%) in severe ARDS. Less than two-thirds of patients with ARDS received a tidal volume 8 of mL/kg or less of predicted body weight. Plateau pressure was measured in 40.1% (95% CI, 38.2-42.1), whereas 82.6% (95% CI, 81.0%-84.1%) received a positive end-expository pressure (PEEP) of less than 12 cm H2O. Prone positioning was used in 16.3% (95% CI, 13.7%-19.2%) of patients with severe ARDS. Clinician recognition of ARDS was associated with higher PEEP, greater use of neuromuscular blockade, and prone positioning. Hospital mortality was 34.9% (95% CI, 31.4%-38.5%) for those with mild, 40.3% (95% CI, 37.4%-43.3%) for those with moderate, and 46.1% (95% CI, 41.9%-50.4%) for those with severe ARDS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among ICUs in 50 countries, the period prevalence of ARDS was 10.4% of ICU admissions. This syndrome appeared to be underrecognized and undertreated and associated with a high mortality rate. These findings indicate the potential for improvement in the management of patients with ARDS

Evaluación de la calidad global de la colección de guías prácticas de heridas del servicio gallego de salud

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de calidad global de la colección de guías prácticas de heridas del Servicio Gallego de Salud (Sergas) para la toma de decisiones clínicas. Método: Evaluación de guías basadas en la evidencia (GBP). Selección de todas las GBP que componen la colección sobre heridas publicadas por el Sergas. Valoración a través del instrumento AGREE II-GRS (Global Rating Scale). Revisión por tres experto/as. Resultados: Fueron evaluadas siete GBP: úlceras por presión, úlceras de la extremidad inferior, pie diabético, lesiones cutáneas neoplásicas, lesiones por quemadura, herida quirúrgica aguda y lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la humedad. Se evaluaron cuatro apartados: el proceso de desarrollo, el estilo de presentación, la integridad de la información y la validez clínica. Todas las GBP obtuvieron una puntuación entre 5 y 7. A nivel global se obtuvo una nota media de 6 (“calidad alta”). Conclusiones: Las GBP publicadas por el Sergas son guías de muy buena calidad, recomendables para el uso clínico y aconsejable su implementación en los procesos de toma de decisiones en el área de las úlceras y heridas.Objective: To appraise the quality global level of the collection of practical guides for wounds of the Galician Health Service (Sergas) for professional decision-making. Method: Evaluation of Best Practice Guidelines (BPG). Selection of all BPG of the collection on injuries/wounds published by Sergas. Valuation through the AGREE II-GRS instrument (Global Rating Scale). Review by three experts. Results: Seven BPG were evaluated: pressure ulcers, ulcers of the lower limb, diabetic foot, skin tumor lesions, burn injuries, acute surgical wound and skin lesions associated with humidity. Four sections were evaluated: the development process, the presentation style, the integrity of the information and the clinical validity. All the GBP obtained a score between 5 and 7. On a global level, an average score of 6 was obtained (High quality). Conclusions: The BPG published by Sergas are guides of very good quality, recommended for clinical use and advisable to implement them in decision-making processes in the area of ulcers and wounds