Desempenho fisiológico de sementes de trigo em função do teor de água na colheita e sistema de armazenamento

The physiological performance of wheat seeds may be influenced by the harvest season and storage system. This study aimed at evaluating the physiological performance of wheat seeds as a function of different moisture contents at harvest, with later storage under hermetic and conventional systems. Harvest was performed when the seeds reached moisture contents of 28.6 %, 18.5 % and 12.9 %. Subsequently, they were stored for 240 days, in both systems, at room temperature. The evaluation of seed physiological performance was carried out by germination and vigor tests, shoot length and dry matter of seedlings. The germination of wheat seeds stored under the hermetic system increased up to 180 days of storage, due to the seed dormancy breaking, with a subsequent decrease of the values, while those stored under the conventional system showed a linear decrease of germination throughout the storage. The hermetic system provided an increase in seed vigor up to 120 days of storage and, after this period, there was a reduction of the values. The conventional system promoted a linear reduction of seed vigor throughout the storage, except for the results obtained in the tests of first germination count and germination speed index, which showed an increase up to 60 days of storage. Harvest delay negatively influenced seed germination and vigor, regardless of time and storage system. The combination of harvest anticipation and hermetic storage improves the physiological performance of seeds over time.O desempenho fisiológico de sementes de trigo pode ser influenciado pela época de colheita e pelo sistema de armazenamento. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho fisiológico de sementes de trigo, em função de diferentes teores de água na colheita, com posterior armazenamento em sistemas hermético e convencional. A colheita foi realizada quando as sementes atingiram teores de água de 28,6 %, 18,5 % e 12,9 %. Posteriormente, as mesmas foram armazenadas por 240 dias, sob dois sistemas, à temperatura ambiente. A avaliação de desempenho fisiológico das sementes foi realizada pelos testes de germinação e vigor, comprimento da parte aérea e matéria seca das plântulas. A germinação de sementes de trigo armazenadas em sistema hermético aumentou até 180 dias de armazenamento, devido à quebra de dormência, com subsequente queda nos valores, enquanto as armazenadas sob sistema convencional apresentaram diminuição linear na germinação ao longo do armazenamento. O sistema hermético proporcionou aumento no vigor das sementes até 120 dias de armazenamento e, após este período, houve redução nos valores. O sistema convencional promoveu a redução linear do vigor das sementes ao longo do armazenamento, com exceção dos resultados demonstrados nos testes de primeira contagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação, que apresentaram aumento até 60 dias de armazenamento. O atraso na colheita influenciou negativamente a germinação e vigor das sementes, independentemente do tempo e do sistema de armazenamento. A combinação de antecipação da colheita e armazenamento hermético melhora o desempenho fisiológico de sementes ao longo do tempo

Estudo das águas superficiais do Rio Ariranha e identificação das espécies constituintes da margem ciliar.

Os recursos hídricos, com as matas ciliares, apresentam grande importância para os ecossistemas, exercendo papel fundamental na preservação do meio ambiente. No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade da água e a composição das espécies florestais na mata ciliar do Rio Ariranha, no Oeste de Santa Catarina. Foram selecionados três pontos para o estudo, denominados ponto rio Ariranha 1, ponto rio Ariranha 2 e ponto rio Ariranha 3. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e biológicas para avaliar a qualidade da água e as variações encontradas entre os pontos. Para a identificação das espécies florestais, utilizou-se a unidade amostral de área quadrada, com a identificação dos indivíduos com Diâmetro altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 10 cm, nos três pontos de estudo. As coletas de água foram realizadas a cada 25 dias, de maio a outubro de 2011, em turno matutino. Para a identificação das espécies florestais, realizou-se uma saída a campo. Dos parâmetros avaliados grande parte destes encontraram-se de acordo com o estabelecido pela Resolução do Conama n. 357, de 2005; apenas o grupo de coliformes fecais e totais apresentaram seus índices maiores dos previstos na legislação. A composição das espécies florestais na mata ciliar apresentou 29 espécies distribuídas em 18 famílias, e em termos de riqueza florística destacam-se as famílias Fabaceae, Lauraceae e Myrtaceae. Como se pôde perceber com a realização desta pesquisa, o local vem há anos sendo degradado e explorado; portanto é necessário tomar certas providências para recuperar e proteger esse meio, que apresenta uma grande riqueza.Palavras-chave: Recursos hídricos. Mata ciliar. Qualidade da água. Composição florística

Physiological performance of wheat seeds as a function of moisture content at harvest and storage system

The physiological performance of wheat seeds may be influenced by the harvest season and storage system. This study aimed at evaluating the physiological performance of wheat seeds as a function of different moisture contents at harvest, with later storage under hermetic and conventional systems. Harvest was performed when the seeds reached moisture contents of 28.6 %, 18.5 % and 12.9 %. Subsequently, they were stored for 240 days, in both systems, at room temperature. The evaluation of seed physiological performance was carried out by germination and vigor tests, shoot length and dry matter of seedlings. The germination of wheat seeds stored under the hermetic system increased up to 180 days of storage, due to the seed dormancy breaking, with a subsequent decrease of the values, while those stored under the conventional system showed a linear decrease of germination throughout the storage. The hermetic system provided an increase in seed vigor up to 120 days of storage and, after this period, there was a reduction of the values. The conventional system promoted a linear reduction of seed vigor throughout the storage, except for the results obtained in the tests of first germination count and germination speed index, which showed an increase up to 60 days of storage. Harvest delay negatively influenced seed germination and vigor, regardless of time and storage system. The combination of harvest anticipation and hermetic storage improves the physiological performance of seeds over time

Fitomassa do Capim-Braquiária e atributos químicos de um latossolo sob compactação induzida e doses de calcário / Phytomass of Brachiaria and chemical attributes of a latossil under induced compaction and doses of limestone

A pecuária representa na Amazônia representa uma atividade de grande valor histórico, onde o estado de Rondônia possui grande dependência da pecuária como geração de renda, entretanto o modo inadequado de produção extensiva tem acarretado a degradação das pastagens devido a perda de qualidade física e química do solo. Diante da problemática encontrada no manejo do solo em áreas de pastagens, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da compactação e calagem sobre os atributos químicos do solo e a produção forrageira do capim-braquiária em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico na Amazônia Ocidental. O experimento foi instalado no Campus experimental da UNIR em Rolim de Moura – RO com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas consistiam nos estados de compactação, sendo eles zero, uma, duas e seis passadas do trator, e nas subparcelas doses de calcário, sendo zero, três, seis  e doze  toneladas ha-1. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e, quando significativa foi aplicado o teste de Tukey para os tratamentos qualitativos e de regressão para os tratamentos quantitativos. Foram analisados os atributos químicos do solo: pH, H+Al, Al, Ca, Mg, K e P e a matéria seca da forragem. Quanto a compactação do solo não interferiu nos atributos químicos do solo, onde somente a calagem interferiu nesse aspecto, As doses de 3 mil  e 6 mil  kg ha-1 apresentaram melhores resultados para os aspectos  químicos do solo, o excesso de calagem prejudicou  a disponibilidade de magnésio e fósforo e a relação Ca:Mg, para a matéria seca apresentou interação entre os tratamentos, onde compactação apresentou influência na produção da fitomassa na dose de 12 t. ha-1 que representou uma redução de 30%

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Comment: Accepted to ApJ

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : targeting and first spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)