109 research outputs found
Modes of Collaboration in Modern Science - Beyond Power Laws and Preferential Attachment
The goal of the study is to determine the underlying processes leading to the
observed collaborator distribution in modern scientific fields, with special
attention to non-power law behavior. Nanoscience is used as a case study of a
modern interdisciplinary field, and its coauthorship network for 2000-04 period
is constructed from NanoBank database. We find three collaboration modes that
correspond to three distinct ranges in the distribution of collaborators: (1)
for authors with fewer than 20 collaborators (the majority) preferential
attachment does not hold and they form a log-normal "hook" instead of a power
law, (2) authors with more than 20 collaborators benefit from preferential
attachment and form a power law tail, and (3) authors with between 250 and 800
collaborators are more frequent than expected because of the hyperauthorship
practices in certain subfields.Comment: Accepted for publication in JASIS
Strategies for Recruiting Women Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Community-Based Research: Lessons from Canada
Objectives: This study sought to describe the recruitment of women living with HIV (WLWH) into the community-based Canadian HIV Womenâs Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS), because women are underrepresented in HIV research.
Methods: There were 1,424 WLWH were enrolled from British Columbia, Ontario, and QuĂ©bec, who completed detailed questionnaires administered by peer research associates (PRAs; WLWH with research training). During screening, participants were asked: âHow did you hear about the study?â We describe recruitment strategies by subpopulation and offer reflections on challenges and successes.
Results: Of 1,131 participants with complete data, 40% identified as White, 33% African/Caribbean/Black, and 19% Indigenous. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range, 37â51) and 4% identified as trans women. Overall, 35% were recruited through PRAs/peers, 34% clinics, and 19% AIDS service organizations (ASOs). PRAs/peers were the predominant recruitment method in Ontario (49%), compared with clinics in British Columbia (40%), and QuĂ©bec (43%). Nationally, PRAs/peers were more successful in recruiting WLWH commonly considered to be âharder to reachâ (e.g., women identifying as trans, using drugs, not receiving HIV care). Clinics were more effective in recruiting younger women (16â29 years) and women not using ASOs. Recruitment challenges centered on engaging these harder to reach women. Successes included hiring PRAs who built participant trust, linking with clinics to reach women isolated from HIV communities, involving outreach workers to engage street-involved women, and disseminating study information to diverse stakeholders.
Conclusions: Having multiple approaches, engaging a diverse team of PRAs, ensuring flexibility, and cultivating reciprocal relationships with community stakeholders were key to recruiting a diverse and representative sample of WLWH
Consensuality of Peer Nominations Among Scientists
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69069/2/10.1177_107554708200400210.pd
Understanding chronic nematode infections: evolutionary considerations, current hypotheses and the way forward
Hispanic Latin America, Spain and the Spanish-speaking Caribbean: A rich source of reference material for public health, epidemiology and tropical medicine
There is a multiplicity of journals originating in Spain and the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (SSLAC) in the health sciences of relevance to the fields of epidemiology and public health. While the subject matter of epidemiology in Spain shares many features with its neighbours in Western Europe, many aspects of epidemiology in Latin America are particular to that region. There are also distinctive theoretical and philosophical approaches to the study of epidemiology and public health arising from traditions such as the Latin American social medicine movement, of which there may be limited awareness. A number of online bibliographic databases are available which focus primarily on health sciences literature arising in Spain and Latin America, the most prominent being Literatura Latinoamericana en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) and LATINDEX. Some such as LILACS also extensively index grey literature. As well as in Spanish, interfaces are provided in English and Portuguese. Abstracts of articles may also be provided in English with an increasing number of journals beginning to publish entire articles written in English. Free full text articles are becoming accessible, one of the most comprehensive sources being the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). There is thus an extensive range of literature originating in Spain and SSLAC freely identifiable and often accessible online, and with the potential to provide useful inputs to the study of epidemiology and public health provided that any reluctance to explore these resources can be overcome. In this article we provide an introduction to such resources
Minimum Technical Data Elements for Liquid Biopsy Data Submitted to Public Databases
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154656/1/cpt1747.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154656/2/cpt1747-sup-0001-FigS1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154656/3/cpt1747_am.pd
Sexual and reproductive health and human rights of women living with HIV
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138378/1/jia20834-sup-0001.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138378/2/jia20834.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138378/3/jia20834-sup-0002.pd
Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
SummaryWe report a comprehensive molecular characterization of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCCs/PGLs), a rare tumor type. Multi-platform integration revealed that PCCs/PGLs are driven by diverse alterations affecting multiple genes and pathways. Pathogenic germline mutations occurred in eight PCC/PGL susceptibility genes. We identified CSDE1 as a somatically mutated driver gene, complementing four known drivers (HRAS, RET, EPAS1, and NF1). We also discovered fusion genes in PCCs/PGLs, involving MAML3, BRAF, NGFR, and NF1. Integrated analysis classified PCCs/PGLs into four molecularly defined groups: a kinase signaling subtype, a pseudohypoxia subtype, a Wnt-altered subtype, driven by MAML3 and CSDE1, and a cortical admixture subtype. Correlates of metastatic PCCs/PGLs included the MAML3 fusion gene. This integrated molecular characterization provides a comprehensive foundation for developing PCC/PGL precision medicine
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