Эффективность применения n-тирозола для стимулирования регенерации слизистой оболочки губы при экспериментальном стоматите

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of n-tyrosol (extract of rhodiola rosea) in the form of gel on the mucous membrane of the lip in rats with experimental stomatitis.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on 54 white male rats weighing 220–280 g. The animals were divided into three groups: control, experimental for comparison and experimental main. When modeling chemical stomatitis in rats by applying 5% solution of caustic sodium to the mucous membrane of the lip, the development of inflammation was observed. The local application of the gel based on n-tyrosol was carried out three times a day for 12 days.Histological and macroscopic examination was performed on the 3rd, 7th and 12th days. The extent of damage was recorded by measuring the area of the lesion in square millimeters (mm2 ). At the same time a control material was taken and was fixed in formalin, embedded into paraffin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin by Van Gieson. Specific areas of dense unformed connective tissue, lymphomonocytic infiltration, granulation tissue were determined in the lesion and surrounding tissues; the numerical density of the vessels was determined in 1 mm2 . The data obtained during the study of the dynamics of healing were averaged in the groups mentioned above and subjected to statistical processing using nonparametric (Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon) methods using the computer program Statistica 8.0.Results. On the 12th day, the area of the lesions was more than twice as large as the surface of burn surfaces, on which the gel with n-tyrosol was used. The use of n-tyrosine-based gel applications reduced by half the specific area of lymphomonocytic infiltration in the surrounding tissues and in the lesion itself, and promoted a more rapid maturation of the connective tissue. Quantitative analysis revealed that the use of the gel with n-tyrosol stimulated the proliferation of granulation and connective tissue, as well as the growth of newly formed vessels in the burn area. Thus, topical application of the n-tyrosine-based gel helped to reduce the inflammatory response and stimulated the regeneration process.Цель исследования. Изучение эффективности применения n-тирозола (экстракт родиолы розовой) в виде геля на слизистую оболочку губы у крыс с экспериментальным стоматитом.Материал и методы. Эксперименты проводились на 54 белых самцах крыс массой 220–280 г. Животные были разделены на три группы: контрольная, экспериментальная сравнения и экспериментальная основная. При моделировании у крыс химического стоматита путем аппликации 5%-м раствором едкого натрия на слизистую оболочку губы наблюдалось развитие воспаления. Местное нанесение геля на основе n-тирозола проводили три раза в день в течение 12 сут.Гистологическое и макроскопическое исследования осуществляли на 3-и, 7-е и 12-е сут. Размеры повреждения регистрировали путем измерения площади очага поражения, мм2. Одновременно производили взятие контрольного материала, который фиксировали в формалине, заливали в парафин, окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином и по Ван Гизону. В очаге поражения и окружающих его тканях определяли удельные площади плотной неоформленной соединительной ткани, лимфомоноцитарной инфильтрации, грануляционной ткани; численную плотность сосудов в 1 мм2 . Данные, полученные в ходе исследования динамики заживления, усредняли по вышеуказанным группам и подвергали статистической обработке с использованием непараметрических (Манна – Уитни и Вилкоксона) методов при помощи компьютерной программы Statistiсa 8.0.Результаты. На 12-е сут площадь участков поражения более чем вдвое превышала площадь ожоговых поверхностей, на которых применяли гель с n-тирозолом. Использование аппликаций геля на основе n-тирозола почти вдвое снижало удельную площадь лимфомоноцитарной инфильтрации в окружающих тканях и в самом очаге поражения, способствовало более быстрому созреванию соединительной ткани. Количественный анализ установил, что применение геля на основе n-тирозола стимулирует пролиферацию грануляционной и соединительной ткани, а также рост новообразованных сосудов в месте ожога. Таким образом, местное нанесение геля на основе n-тирозола способствовало уменьшению воспалительной реакции и стимулировало процесс регенерации

Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning

Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.</p

Data from: Trophic consistency of supraspecific taxa in belowground invertebrate communities: comparison across lineages and taxonomic ranks

1. Animals that have similar morphological traits are expected to share similar ecological niches. This statement applies to individual animals within a species and thus species often serve as the functional units in ecological studies. Species are further grouped into higher-ranked taxonomic units based on their morphological similarity and thus are also expected to be ecologically similar. On the other hand, theory predicts that strong competition between closely related species may result in differentiation of ecological niches. Due to high diversity and limited taxonomic expertise, soil food webs are often resolved using supraspecific taxa such as families, orders or even classes as functional units. 2. Here we tested the trophic differentiation and consistency of supraspecific taxa across major lineages of temperate forest soil invertebrates: Annelida, Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea and Hexapoda. Published data on stable isotope compositions of carbon and nitrogen were used to infer basal resources and trophic level, and explore the relationship between taxonomic and trophic dissimilarity of local populations. 3. Genera and families had normal and unimodal distributions of isotopic niches, suggesting that supraspecific taxa are trophically consistent. The isotopic niche of local populations varied considerably resulting in large overlap of niches among species. Within the same genus, the effect of species identity on stable isotope composition of populations was not significant in 92% of cases. More than 50% of the variability in Δ15N values (trophic level) across lineages was explained by classes and orders, while the variability in Δ13C values (basal resources) was explained mostly by families and genera. The variability in stable isotope composition in Chelicerata and Hexapoda was explained by lower taxonomic ranks than in Myriapoda. 4. We compiled a comprehensive list of mean Δ13С and Δ15N values of invertebrate taxa from temperate forest soils allowing to refine soil food-web models when measurements of trophic niches of local populations are not feasible. Supraspecific taxa are meaningful as trophic nodes in food-web studies, but the consistency varies among taxa and the choice of taxonomiс resolution depends on the research question; generally, identification of taxa should be more detailed in more diverse taxonomic groups

Efficacy of n-tyrozol medication for regeneration stimulation of lip mucous membrane at experimental stomatitis

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of n-tyrosol (extract of rhodiola rosea) in the form of gel on the mucous membrane of the lip in rats with experimental stomatitis.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on 54 white male rats weighing 220–280 g. The animals were divided into three groups: control, experimental for comparison and experimental main. When modeling chemical stomatitis in rats by applying 5% solution of caustic sodium to the mucous membrane of the lip, the development of inflammation was observed. The local application of the gel based on n-tyrosol was carried out three times a day for 12 days.Histological and macroscopic examination was performed on the 3rd, 7th and 12th days. The extent of damage was recorded by measuring the area of the lesion in square millimeters (mm2 ). At the same time a control material was taken and was fixed in formalin, embedded into paraffin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin by Van Gieson. Specific areas of dense unformed connective tissue, lymphomonocytic infiltration, granulation tissue were determined in the lesion and surrounding tissues; the numerical density of the vessels was determined in 1 mm2 . The data obtained during the study of the dynamics of healing were averaged in the groups mentioned above and subjected to statistical processing using nonparametric (Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon) methods using the computer program Statistica 8.0.Results. On the 12th day, the area of the lesions was more than twice as large as the surface of burn surfaces, on which the gel with n-tyrosol was used. The use of n-tyrosine-based gel applications reduced by half the specific area of lymphomonocytic infiltration in the surrounding tissues and in the lesion itself, and promoted a more rapid maturation of the connective tissue. Quantitative analysis revealed that the use of the gel with n-tyrosol stimulated the proliferation of granulation and connective tissue, as well as the growth of newly formed vessels in the burn area. Thus, topical application of the n-tyrosine-based gel helped to reduce the inflammatory response and stimulated the regeneration process