Past, present and academic perspectives of agribusiness in the twenty first century

This historical review of the professional academic instruction in the field of agribusiness administration in Mexico is based on facts and experiences that have been gathering since 1973, when administration applied to the rural media reappears as an academic discipline in higher education. Mexico requires urgently more and better qualified technicians, professionals, specialists and experts on the socioeconomic sciences. Particularly, this country has to build up the essential conditions to train the new generations with abilities to solve the agriculture and livestock industry productive problems throughout the country, if Mexico achieves this as a country, the national agrindustrial sector will be able to advance significantly and play an important role, as Mexico, is already part of a global economy distinguished by strict national and international efficiency pressures, It's because of these issues, that Mexico has other choice than becoming highly productive and introduce, as one of it's main goals, the achievement of the alimentary self-sufficiency as any sovereign country.Social-economics sciences, education, agribusiness, agricultural administration., Agribusiness,

MODELO DE REGLAMENTO PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE UN RASTRO MUNICIPAL A NIVEL NACIONAL

They are few the rakes of the country that have the modern technology and the personnel qualified to carry out the humanitarian sacrifice as it indicates it the Federal Law of Animal Sanity. (DOF. 23-July-2007). Really the only dependence or association that he/she has had interest and he/she has been in charge of seriously of supervising that the slaughter is carried out in a humanitarian way, it is the denominated civil association ANPALPA A.C (National Association for the Application of Laws of Protection to the Animals) that has taken the initiative to introduce the methods of humanitarian sacrifice in near 400 rakes and slaughterhouses of the country; and it is unlikely that the corresponding authorities (SAGARPA and HEALTH), have not taken the responsibility properly of continuing with this work begun by ANPALPA for 30 years, since finally to the authority it corresponds him to assist this problematic one and not to the civil society, like it has been happening so far. It was scientifically proven that, to better treatment and good handling of the animals dedicated to the sacrifice, less estrés, smaller loss of weight will be caused and it will be obtained better quality and bigger quantity of the products meat resultants. Difference should not exist among the rakes TIF (Type Federal Inspection) and the municipal rakes or the matters, in the concerning thing to good facilities, modern technology, sacrifice methods, qualified personnel, sanitary supervision, I manage hygienic of the products and combat to the produced contamination, since the obtained products, they are dedicated for human consumption and its quality and hygiene they should be conscientiously revised in any slaughter center, call you TIF, municipal or matter. The only difference that it should exist among the rakes TIF and the municipal ones, it resides in the size of the facilities, same that should be according to the quantity of animals sacrificed daily, but not in the technology and functionality of the facilities, as well as in the personnel's training that there works. He/she intended the innovation of establishing a stamp of guarantee of humanitarian sacrifice, with that which the consumer can be sure that the meat product that will buy, comes from animals that were sacrificed with the humanitarian methods of previous desensitization, to avoid to the maximum the suffering of the animals. This stamp can be additional to that of the sanitary inspection.Model, regulation, administration, municipal rake, national level., Agribusiness,

LA TÉCNICA DE LA CONSULTORÃA EXTERNA (“OUTSOURCINGâ€) EN LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LOS AGRONEGOCIOS

At present companies are trying hard to reduce productive assets by reducing general expenses and increasing flexibility toward what they call “lean productionâ€. For this reason they are hiring specialized companies under long term agreements in order to supply parts, operations, and services, with quality responsibility, integrating them into their production line with their own workers. Worldwide, a new phenomenon has occurred where technology has taken over a great deal of the company's performance through simplified processes. After which there has been the need to implement an integration phase, and finally there is a tendency towards optimization. Agribusiness is part of this new tendency. “Tercerización†is more known for its English term “outsourcingâ€. Nevertheless, “tercerización†is becoming a more and more familiar term. This is good for the Spanish Language as foreign expressions should be avoided. Currently this technique is applied in big agricultural and agribusiness corporations, however during research, it was determined that other companies, such as accounting offices, service companies, and food-analysis labs, are using something similar to what has been described.Tercerizacion, outsourcing, consultancy, agribusiness, Agribusiness,

LINEAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN ADMINISTRACIÓN DE AGRONEGOCIOS

The new century has brought with it the reaffirmation and consequence of profound changes which began taking place at the end of the last century. The revolution created by new information technologies, the media, as well as the new management styles and forms, partly guilty of the globalization phenomenon, is not only a fact, but has generated a high technology dependence both in developed and developing countries. This has affected all production and management systems, including those in which Agribusiness develop. Under these circumstances, the present essay's main objective is to establish a general reference in order to set up lines of research in the Agribusiness management in México. In the first part we find a retrospective regarding the environment where these activities took place, having it as basis for further research in order to improve the management systems. Subsequently there is a description of the surroundings where the present agribusinesses develop as well as a description of their possible tendencies. Finally through a brainstorm of ideas a norm has been set up to design and develop the lines of research in the agribusiness management.Lines of research, agribusiness., Agribusiness,

ANÃLISIS FODA Y PERSPECTIVAS DEL CULTIVO DEL NOGAL PECANERO EN CHIHUAHUA

Pecan production is one of the most important crops in our country. It not only has an economical capacity as a generator of foreign currency, but also for the social context in which it develops its production. Most of the pecan growers have small sized orchards, but at the same time, there are few pecan growers with large sized orchards that use modern technology. The objective of this study is to present a SWOT analysis of the pecan system and to describe the contexts in which it is produced and commercialized, as well as the main characteristics and problems that appear in pecan production, as well as the prediction of its future under current production and management conditions.WOTS-UP analysis, pecan system, production and commercialization., Agribusiness,

RENTABILIDAD DEL NOGAL PECANERO BAJO SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE MEDIANA TECNOLOGÃA EN DELICIAS, CHIHUAHUA

Pecans (Carya Illinoinensis [Wangenh] K. Koch) are a native food of North America and represent a high economic crop value in the north of Mexico, mainly in the state of Chihuahua, the biggest pecan nut producer in this country. The goal of this study was to evaluate the profitability of pecan orchards in the municipality of Delicias, Chihuahua. Some microeconomic and market information from 2008 were collected from pecan growers and specialists through the technique of Experts' Panel. Standard financial analysis and a Monte Carlo simulation model were used to evaluate the probabilities of risk for net cash income (NCI) and return on capital employed (RCE). The NCI obtained was $277,000 and RC 111.7%, indicating that pecan orchards show high profitability when is produced under medium-technology conditions in the municipality of Delicias, Chihuahua.Carya Illinoinensis, production costs, Monte Carlo simulation., Agribusiness,

LA TÉCNICA DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA, ADOPTADA Y ADAPTADA A LA ACTIVIDAD AGROALIMENTARIA -ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS-

Strategic Management, Methodology, SWOT Analysis., Agribusiness,

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Past, present and academic perspectives of agribusiness in the twenty first century

This historical review of the professional academic instruction in the field of agribusiness administration in Mexico is based on facts and experiences that have been gathering since 1973, when administration applied to the rural media reappears as an academic discipline in higher education. Mexico requires urgently more and better qualified technicians, professionals, specialists and experts on the socioeconomic sciences. Particularly, this country has to build up the essential conditions to train the new generations with abilities to solve the agriculture and livestock industry productive problems throughout the country, if Mexico achieves this as a country, the national agrindustrial sector will be able to advance significantly and play an important role, as Mexico, is already part of a global economy distinguished by strict national and international efficiency pressures, It's because of these issues, that Mexico has other choice than becoming highly productive and introduce, as one of it's main goals, the achievement of the alimentary self-sufficiency as any sovereign country

Reflexiones del Metodo de Investigacion, Consultoria e Innovacion en Sistemas de Gestion de Empresas Agropecuarias

The evolution of the subject of Research on Technology Transfer and Agroindustrial Development at the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán UNAM (School of Advanced Studies at Cuatitlan UNAM) converges with the generation of agricultural business management systems and with the consultancy service and training, as a University-Company articulation strategy; with the purpose of awakening business people's interests in order to discover productivity and competitiveness helping them to become better, transform or revolution its organization in the fight to get present opportunities in the market and the economic surroundings. Above all, the strengthening of the subject is upheld by the evolution of the research method applied to innovation through the use of Seven D's: diagnostic, division, delimitation, definition, development, documentation and disclosure, which put together all works of a researcher-consultant. Its application applies in four areas: The first is the observatory with multidisciplinary characteristics in order to diagnostic, divide, delimit and define the problem. Laboratory is the second area, which focuses on developing theories, knowledge and transcendental instruments in the generation of alternatives of viable solutions for the identified problem. The third area is an unavoidable point towards documenting the history of learning, where the business community may verify or reject the generated results and the consultant may recap the research process and consultancy. The creation of a portfolio of strategic options is the last area which aim is to disclose the benefit of the generated knowledge and present innovative and competitive solutions before society or the agroindustrial sector. The macro-concept of the Seven D's forms the Research and Consultancy Protocol (RCP, PCI=Spanish Initials, 2004 multimedia version), and it constitutes the reference point to establish the dialog, debate and reflection among the academic and business community on the scientific method with a vision focused on generating a new world's perspective surrounding us as well as having an inkling of the future. KeyWords: research, innovation, consultancy, method, company, agrindustrial