Az állománystruktúra és a levélfelület index térbeli mintázatának vizsgálata a síkfőkúti cseres-tölgyes mintaterületen

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The second Hungarian record of Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr

The amphipolar lichen genus, Stereocaulon Hoffm. (Stereocaulaceae, Ascomycota) consists of ca. 130 species typical of cold regions. In Europe its area is arcticboreal-montane. Scandinavian countries have the most species (>30) as well as the most stable populations. In contrast, in Central Europe suitable habitats (e.g. subalpine to alpine siliceous cliffs, heaths) are scattered. Most species are endangered here while some have already become regionally extinct. In Hungary, the only proven species of the genus is Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. The only specimen till now was known as Zemplén, Erdőbénye: Nagy Sasvölgy (= Sajtházvölgy/Kő-kút-folyás); CEU: 7694.3. VERSEGHY, 1966.09.16. (BP 50582). Fifty years later we came across the species at a surprising, anthropogenic habitat as Nyírség, Debrecen: Egyetem tér, Life Science Building of Debrecen University, shaded flatroof, on quartz pebbles, N47o 33.372’ E21o 37.325’, alt. 130 m ;CEU: 8495.2. FREYTAG and MATUS, 2016.03.23. Two fertile specimens have been deposited in the collections DE (no. 1760) and BP while some sterile specimens have been left in situ. Scattered data on anthropogenic occurrence of some Stereocaulon species [S. nanodes Tuck., S. pileatum Ach., S. vesuvianum (Sm.) Ach. and less frequently also for S. tomentosum Fr.] from pioneer habitats (e.g. industrial wastelands, railway lines, walls and gravel-covered flatroofs) are available from NW-European countries (Belgium, The Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany). Construction of the building where the new specimens have been collected was finished in 2005. Investigation of specimens proved that development of apothecia started within these 11 yrs, however no ripe asci have yet been formed. Source of the new occurrence is unknown as natural dispersal or colonization from 80 to 100 yrs old fertile specimens preserved in the nearby Debrecen University Herbarium (DE) are both possible. Some climatic conditions of this uncommonly low altitude habitat have also been studied. Light climate of the site has been analyzed using HemiView Hemisphaerical Canopy Analyzer (Delta-T Devices, England). Temperature and humidity data from two sensors on the roof (positioned at heights of 5 cm and 30 cm, respectively) have been compared to standard records from the University Meteorological Station (located 400 m to W). The site is strongly limited in direct sunlight due to shading of the surrounding building and receives a maximum potential direct sunlight of 75 min at the summer solstice. Summer records of the site show markedly lower temperatures and higher humidity on the gravel bed, which makes the habitat more similar to high-altitude natural ones. Chemical analysis has been supported by OTKA K81232 and NKFIH K_17/124341

The nanotechnological formulation and anti-biofilm activity of thyme essential oil against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Bacterial biofilm is a structured community of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix and adherent to an inert or living surface, which allows a protected mode of growth and survival in a hostile environment. Infections associated with biofilm growth usually are challenging to eradicate. It is mostly due to the fact that mature biofilms display tolerance towards antibiotics and the immune response. For example, bacterial biofilms can be formed in the human respiratory tract. The essential oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae) is well-known in the therapy of respiratory tract infections, but there is no information about the anti-biofilm activity of its hydrophilic formulation against respiratory tract pathogens.                The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-biofilm effect of a thyme oil (Aromax Ltd., Hungary) formulated with nanotechnology against Streptococcus pneumoniae (DSM 20566). The oil was analyzed by GC-FID/MS. The Pickering emulsion of the oil was produced via the Stöber synthesis and stabilized with silica-nanoparticles. The bacterial biofilm (108 CFU/mL) was created in 96-well microtiter plates. After incubation (4 h, 37 °C), the Pickering emulsion and the Tween 80 solution of the thyme oil were added to the biofilm in MIC/2 concentration (0.05 mg/mL). After a second incubation (24 h), the adherent cells were fixed with methanol and stained with 0.1% crystal violet and dissolved in 33% acetic acid. The absorbance (A) was measured at 590 nm with a plate reader (BMG Labtech).                Our results showed that the thyme oil had anti-biofilm activity against S. pneumoniae, because it reduced the biomass of the biofilms. It is important to highlight that the Pickering emulsion of the oil was more effective (A = 0.53) than the Tween 80 solution (A = 0.84) compared to the control (A = 3.71). This confirms that the Pickering emulsion of thyme oil can prevent the S. pneumoniae biofilm formation more effectively than the Tween 80 solution

Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land–atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation of whole-plant transpiration data from sap flow measurements (SAPFLUXNET, https://sapfluxnet.creaf.cat/, last access: 8 June 2021). We harmonized and quality-controlled individual datasets supplied by contributors worldwide in a semi-automatic data workflow implemented in the R programming language. Datasets include sub-daily time series of sap flow and hydrometeorological drivers for one or more growing seasons, as well as metadata on the stand characteristics, plant attributes, and technical details of the measurements. SAPFLUXNET contains 202 globally distributed datasets with sap flow time series for 2714 plants, mostly trees, of 174 species. SAPFLUXNET has a broad bioclimatic coverage, with woodland/shrubland and temperate forest biomes especially well represented (80 % of the datasets). The measurements cover a wide variety of stand structural characteristics and plant sizes. The datasets encompass the period between 1995 and 2018, with 50 % of the datasets being at least 3 years long. Accompanying radiation and vapour pressure deficit data are available for most of the datasets, while on-site soil water content is available for 56 % of the datasets. Many datasets contain data for species that make up 90 % or more of the total stand basal area, allowing the estimation of stand transpiration in diverse ecological settings. SAPFLUXNET adds to existing plant trait datasets, ecosystem flux networks, and remote sensing products to help increase our understanding of plant water use, plant responses to drought, and ecohydrological processes. SAPFLUXNET version 0.1.5 is freely available from the Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3971689; Poyatos et al., 2020a). The “sapfluxnetr” R package – designed to access, visualize, and process SAPFLUXNET data – is available from CRAN.EEA Santa CruzFil: Poyatos, Rafael. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); EspañaFil: Poyatos, Rafael. CREAF. Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); EspañaFil: Granda, Víctor. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); EspañaFil: Granda, Víctor. Joint Research Unit CREAF-CTFC. Bellaterra; EspañaFil: Flo, Víctor. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); EspañaFil: Adams, Mark A. Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology; Australia.Fil: Adams, Mark A. University of Sydney. School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Australia.Fil: Adorján, Balázs. University of Debrecen. Faculty of Science and Technology. Department of Botany; HungríaFil: Aguadé, David. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); EspañaFil: Aidar, Marcos P. M. Institute of Botany. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; BrasilFil: Allen, Scott. University of Nevada. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science; Estados UnidosFil: Alvarado-Barrientos, M. Susana. Instituto de Ecología A.C. Red Ecología Funcional; México.Fil: Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J. Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; PanamáFil: Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J. Conservation Ecology Center. Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi. CREAF. Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); EspañaFil: Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès); Españ

Cryptogamic communities on flatroofs in the city of Debrecen (East Hungary)

Cryptogams of ten urban flatroofs, contrasting in their age and size, were studied between 2016 and 2018. Siliceous (bituminous felt, gravel, brick) and calcareous (concrete) substrata occurred at each site. Microclimate (T, RH) at two sites of contrasting shading was monitored from September 2016 to January 2017. Biomass of two differently aged, exposed flatroofs was sampled in October 2018. Taxa of Cladonia and Xanthoparmelia have been identified by spot tests and HPTLC. A total of 61 taxa (25 bryophytes, 36 lichens), mostly widespread synanthropic species, have been detected with an explicit difference of species composition between shaded and exposed sites. Floristically interesting species included acidophilous bryophytes ( Hedwigia ciliata, Racomitrium canescens ) and lichens ( Xanthoparmelia conspersa, Stereocaulon tomentosum ) of montane character. The most widespread lichen is Cladonia rei which accounted for a significant part of the biomass at selected sites. Species-area curves for bryophytes at exposed sites have become saturated at 100–150 m 2 . In contrast, saturation of lichen diversity has not been reached even at the largest sites. Flatroofs with traditional roofing techniques can harbour relatively diverse microhabitats and species-rich synanthropic vegetation. It is urgent to study these sites before renovation with modern roofing techniques eliminates them. Diversification of urban surroundings is possible in the future via application of various substrats in renovated and newly constructed roofs

Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements: the SAPFLUXNET database

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land?atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation of whole-plant transpiration data from sap flow measurements (SAPFLUXNET, https://sapfluxnet.creaf.cat/, last access: 8 June 2021). We harmonized and quality-controlled individual datasets supplied by contributors worldwide in a semi-automatic data workflow implemented in the R programming language. Datasets include sub-daily time series of sap flow and hydrometeorological drivers for one or more growing seasons, as well as metadata on the stand characteristics, plant attributes, and technical details of the measurements. SAPFLUXNET contains 202 globally distributed datasets with sap flow time series for 2714 plants, mostly trees, of 174 species. SAPFLUXNET has a broad bioclimatic coverage, with woodland/shrubland and temperate forest biomes especially well represented (80 % of the datasets). The measurements cover a wide variety of stand structural characteristics and plant sizes. The datasets encompass the period between 1995 and 2018, with 50 % of the datasets being at least 3 years long. Accompanying radiation and vapour pressure deficit data are available for most of the datasets,while on-site soil water content is available for 56 % of the datasets. Many datasets contain data for species that make up 90 % or more of the total stand basal area, allowing the estimation of stand transpiration in diverse ecological settings. SAPFLUXNET adds to existing plant trait datasets, ecosystem flux networks, and remote sensing products to help increase our understanding of plant water use, plant responses to drought, and ecohydrological processes.Fil: Poyatos, Rafael. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Granda, Víctor. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Flo, Víctor. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Adams, Mark A.. Swinburne University of Technology; Australia. University of Sydney; AustraliaFil: Adorján, Balázs. University of Debrecen; HungríaFil: Aguadé, David. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Aidar, Marcos P. M.. Institute of Botany; BrasilFil: Allen, Scott. University of Nevada; Estados UnidosFil: Alvarado Barrientos, M. Susana. Instituto de Ecología A.C.; MéxicoFil: Anderson Teixeira, Kristina J.. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; PanamáFil: Aparecido, Luiza Maria. Arizona State University; Estados Unidos. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Arain, M. Altaf. McMaster University; CanadáFil: Aranda, Ismael. National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology; EspañaFil: Asbjornsen, Heidi. University of New Hampshire; Estados UnidosFil: Robert Baxter. Durham University; Reino UnidoFil: Beamesderfer, Eric. McMaster University; Canadá. Northern Arizona University; Estados UnidosFil: Carter Berry, Z.. Chapman University; Estados UnidosFil: Berveiller, Daniel. Université Paris Saclay; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Blakely, Bethany. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Estados UnidosFil: Boggs, Johnny. United States Forest Service; Estados UnidosFil: Gil Bohrer. Ohio State University; Estados UnidosFil: Bolstad, Paul V.. University of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Bonal, Damien. Université de Lorraine; FranciaFil: Bracho, Rosvel. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Brito, Patricia. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Brodeur, Jason. McMaster University; CanadáFil: Casanoves, Fernando. Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza; Costa RicaFil: Chave, Jérôme. Université Paul Sabatier; FranciaFil: Chen, Hui. Xiamen University; ChinaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; Argentin

Global transpiration data from sap flow measurements : the SAPFLUXNET database

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land-atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation of whole-plant transpiration data from sap flow measurements (SAPFLUXNET, https://sapfluxnet.creaf.cat/, last access: 8 June 2021). We harmonized and quality-controlled individual datasets supplied by contributors worldwide in a semi-automatic data workflow implemented in the R programming language. Datasets include sub-daily time series of sap flow and hydrometeorological drivers for one or more growing seasons, as well as metadata on the stand characteristics, plant attributes, and technical details of the measurements. SAPFLUXNET contains 202 globally distributed datasets with sap flow time series for 2714 plants, mostly trees, of 174 species. SAPFLUXNET has a broad bioclimatic coverage, with woodland/shrubland and temperate forest biomes especially well represented (80 % of the datasets). The measurements cover a wide variety of stand structural characteristics and plant sizes. The datasets encompass the period between 1995 and 2018, with 50 % of the datasets being at least 3 years long. Accompanying radiation and vapour pressure deficit data are available for most of the datasets, while on-site soil water content is available for 56 % of the datasets. Many datasets contain data for species that make up 90 % or more of the total stand basal area, allowing the estimation of stand transpiration in diverse ecological settings. SAPFLUXNET adds to existing plant trait datasets, ecosystem flux networks, and remote sensing products to help increase our understanding of plant water use, plant responses to drought, and ecohydrological processes. SAPFLUXNET version 0.1.5 is freely available from the Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3971689; Poyatos et al., 2020a). The "sapfluxnetr" R package - designed to access, visualize, and process SAPFLUXNET data - is available from CRAN.Peer reviewe

A debreceni Nagyerdő állapotváltozásainak vizsgálata

A Nagyerdő változásainak vizsgálata távérzékelési és egyéb geoinformatikai módszerekkel.régi képzésgeográfusg