The role of quality of work life in the relationship between psychological capital and organizational commitment among faculty members at the Faculty of Education, Taif University

الملخص : استهدفت الدراسة التعرف على الدور الوسيط لجودة حياة العمل في العلاقة بين رأس المال النفسي ومستوى الالتزام التنظيمي من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية التربية جامعة الطائف، واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، تم أخذ عينة قوامها (51) عضو هيئة تدريس، وأعد الباحث ثلاث استبانات تكونت الأولى من (26) فقرة لرأس المال النفسي مقسمة على أربعة أبعاد (الكفاءة الذاتية والأمل والتفاؤل والنهوض)، والثانية (30) فقرة: لجودة حياة العمل على خمسة أبعاد: (عدالة الأجور وفرص التنمية المهنية والأمان الوظيفي و جودة الحياة الكلية وجودة الاتصال)، والثالثة لقياس مستوى الالتزام التنظيمي من (14) فقرة على ثلاثة أبعاد: الالتزام (الاستمراري والمعياري والعاطفي). وقد تم استخدام برنامج (SPSS) ، وتم تحليل الوساطة باستخدام العمليات الكلية (Macro process). وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أبرزها: توجد علاقة طردية  لرأس المال النفسي بمستوى شعور عضو هيئة التدريس بجودة حياة العمل بمعامل تأثير قيمته(.70)، كما يتوجد علاقة طردية لجودة حياة العمل بمستوى الالتزام التنظيمي بمعامل ارتباط (.62)، فيما لا يوجد دور مباشر لرأس المال النفسي في التنبؤ بمستوى الالتزام التنظيمي حيث بلغت قيمته (.03 )، كما تتوسط جودة حياة العمل العلاقة بين رأس المال النفسي ومستوى الالتزام التنظيمي بمعامل ارتباط (0.44)، كما يوجد دور غير مباشر لأبعاد رأس المال النفسي في التنبؤ بمستوى الالتزام التنظيمي. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة تم تقديم مجموعة من المقترحات التي قد تسهم في تطوير المتغيرات التي تم تناولها. الكلمات المفتاحية: التفاؤل، النهوض، الكفاءة الذاتية، عدالة المكافآت، جودة الحياة، الدور الوسيطAbstract: This study aimed at investigating whether psychological capital (consisting of hope, resilience, optimism, and efficacy) has a relationship with organizational commitment, and to further examine whether quality of work life can serve as a mediator between psychological capital and organizational commitment in the Faculty of Education, Taif University. Descriptive approach was used primarily as the methodology of this study to test mediation model with a sample of (51) faculty members. Three questionnaires were prepared to measure: psychological capital composed of (26) items in four dimensions (self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience), quality of work life composed of (30) items in five dimensions: (salaries justice, professional development opportunities, security, general life and communication) and commitment composed of (14) items in three dimensions: (continuous and normative and emotional) commitment. The SPSS program was used by adding the Macro analysis process of Hayes (2013).  The Results reveal that psychological capital has a direct role in predicting the faculty member's sense of quality of work life with influence factor of (.70). There is also a relation between the quality of work life and organizational commitment with influence factor of (.62), while there is no direct role of psychological capital in predicting the level of organizational commitment with factor (.03). The quality of work life also mediates the relationship between psychological capital and the level of organizational commitment with influence factor (0.44). The implications of these findings conclude in the article. Keywords: Mediation Role – Optimism - Self Efficacy– Resilience– Equitable salaries –quality of lif

Xenobiotic metabolism: the effect of acute kidney injury on non-renal drug clearance and hepatic drug metabolism.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of critical illness, and evidence is emerging that suggests AKI disrupts the function of other organs. It is a recognized phenomenon that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have reduced hepatic metabolism of drugs, via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme group, and drug dosing guidelines in AKI are often extrapolated from data obtained from patients with CKD. This approach, however, is flawed because several confounding factors exist in AKI. The data from animal studies investigating the effects of AKI on CYP activity are conflicting, although the results of the majority do suggest that AKI impairs hepatic CYP activity. More recently, human study data have also demonstrated decreased CYP activity associated with AKI, in particular the CYP3A subtypes. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that patients expressing the functional allele variant CYP3A5*1 may be protected from the deleterious effects of AKI when compared with patients homozygous for the variant CYP3A5*3, which codes for a non-functional protein. In conclusion, there is a need to individualize drug prescribing, particularly for the more sick and vulnerable patients, but this needs to be explored in greater depth

Prognosis and serum creatinine levels in acute renal failure at the time of nephrology consultation: an observational cohort study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between acute serum creatinine changes in acute renal failure (ARF), before specialized treatment begins, and in-hospital mortality, recovery of renal function, and overall mortality at 6 months, on an equal degree of ARF severity, using the RIFLE criteria, and comorbid illnesses. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 1008 consecutive patients who had been diagnosed as having ARF, and had been admitted in an university-affiliated hospital over 10 years. Demographic, clinical information and outcomes were measured. After that, 646 patients who had presented enough increment in serum creatinine to qualify for the RIFLE criteria were included for subsequent analysis. The population was divided into two groups using the median serum creatinine change (101%) as the cut-off value. Multivariate non-conditional logistic and linear regression models were used. RESULTS: A >or= 101% increment of creatinine respect to its baseline before nephrology consultation was associated with significant increase of in-hospital mortality (35.6% vs. 22.6%, p < 0.001), with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.08-3.03). Patients who required continuous renal replacement therapy in the >or= 101% increment group presented a higher increase of in-hospital mortality (62.7% vs 46.4%, p = 0.048), with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.66 (95% CI: 1.00-7.21). Patients in the >or= 101% increment group had a higher mean serum creatinine level with respect to their baseline level (114.72% vs. 37.96%) at hospital discharge. This was an adjusted 48.92% (95% CI: 13.05-84.79) more serum creatinine than in the < 101% increment group. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, patients who had presented an increment in serum level of creatinine of >or= 101% with respect to basal values, at the time of nephrology consultation, had increased mortality rates and were discharged from hospital with a more deteriorated renal function than those with similar Liano scoring and the same RIFLE classes, but with a < 101% increment. This finding may provide more information about the factors involved in the prognosis of ARF. Furthermore, the calculation of relative serum creatinine increase could be used as a practical tool to identify those patients at risk, and that would benefit from an intensive therapy

Development of risk models for the prediction of new or worsening acute kidney injury on or during hospital admission: a cohort and nested study

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem with significant morbidity and mortality. All hospitalised patients are at risk. AKI is often preventable and reversible; however, the 2009 National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death highlighted systematic failings of identification and management, and recommended risk assessment of all emergency admissions. Objectives: To develop three predictive models to stratify the risk of (1) AKI on arrival in hospital; (2) developing AKI during admission; and (3) worsening AKI if already present; and also to (4) develop a clinical algorithm for patients admitted to hospital and explore effective methods of delivery of this information at the point of care. Study design: Quantitative methodology (1) to formulate predictive risk models and (2) to validate the models in both our population and a second population. Qualitative methodology to plan clinical decision support system (CDSS) development and effective integration into clinical care. Data analysis: Quantitative – both traditional and Bayesian regression methods were used. Traditional methods were performed using ordinal logistic regression with univariable analyses to inform the development of multivariable analyses. Backwards selection was used to retain only statistically significant variables in the final models. The models were validated using actual and predicted probabilities, an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Qualitative – content analysis was employed

Standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation clinical trials: a consensus report from the Valve Academic Research Consortium†

To propose standardized consensus definitions for important clinical endpoints in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), investigations in an effort to improve the quality of clinical research and to enable meaningful comparisons between clinical trials. To make these consensus definitions accessible to all stakeholders in TAVI clinical research through a peer reviewed publication, on behalf of the public health

AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF HESPERIDIN ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED LIVER FIBROSIS IN RATS

Objective: Exposure to carbon tetrachloride leads to serious liver injury and fibrosis. This study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of hesperidin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats compared with the reference drug silymarin. Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups, each of eight rats. Animals were allocated into a control group, corn oil group and fibrosis control group. The remaining two groups received in addition to CCl4, silymarin (100 mg/kg/d) as a reference treatment and hesperidin (200 mg/kg/d). At the end of experimental period, the biomarkers of specific fibrosis [hepatic transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and hydroxyproline (HYP)], liver function [serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin and total bilirubin], oxidative stress [hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)], inflammatory [hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO), serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)], relative liver weight, lipid profile [total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Ch)] were evaluated, supported by liver histopathological study and immunohistochemistry of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in liver sections.Results: Hesperidin significantly decreased hepatic transforming growth factor β1, hydroxyproline, the serum liver function markers of ALT, AST and total bilirubin, the hepatic content of MDA and MPO activity, the serum pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, relative liver weight, and the serum lipid profile markers cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL. On the other hand, Hesperidin significantly increased albumin, the hepatic content of GSH and CAT, and serum lipid profile of LDL. In addition, liver sections obtained from these groups showed marked histopathological and immunohistochemistry of α-SMA improvement.Conclusion: Hesperidin may be promising protective agent against liver fibrosis through improvement of liver function, modulation of the fibrous scar formation, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials