Chapter Monitoraggio, conservazione e informazione nella Baia Di Ieranto: un modello circolare per la gestione delle Aree Marine Protette

The 7 years monitoring-conservation-information program in the special B zone of Ieranto bay (belonging to the Marine Protected Area Punta Campanella - Naples, Italy) shows good results in terms of reducing illegal activities (such as illegal fishing, unauthorized boating, pollution and anchoring) and promoting environmental awareness for visitors. This 3-way management model represents one of the best practices of the MPA that could be applied to other MPAs in order to improve the correct usage of a protected area and to decrease/control the illegal actions and protect the environmen

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Chapter Monitoraggio, conservazione e informazione nella Baia Di Ieranto: un modello circolare per la gestione delle Aree Marine Protette

The 7 years monitoring-conservation-information program in the special B zone of Ieranto bay (belonging to the Marine Protected Area Punta Campanella - Naples, Italy) shows good results in terms of reducing illegal activities (such as illegal fishing, unauthorized boating, pollution and anchoring) and promoting environmental awareness for visitors. This 3-way management model represents one of the best practices of the MPA that could be applied to other MPAs in order to improve the correct usage of a protected area and to decrease/control the illegal actions and protect the environmen

Representações Sociais das implicações legais da infecção hospitalar e de seu controle Representaciones Sociales de las implicaciones legales de la infección hospitalária y sú control Social Representations of the legal implications of nosocomial infection and its control

O estudo objetivou apreender as Representações Sociais das implicações legais da infecção hospitalar (IH) e analisar como essas representações se articulam com a qualidade do trabalho desenvolvido pelos profissionais da saúde e de direito. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevistas e processados pelo software Alceste 4.8. A análise hierárquica descendente mostrou 04 classes de palavras, que objetivaram as implicações legais da IH, ancoradas nos aspectos ideológicos, históricos e sócio-culturais, no direito que o usuário da saúde tem de não correr riscos, resultantes de ocorrências causadas por negligência dos envolvidos no processo, devendo ser fiscalizadas pelos órgãos competentes para que os responsáveis respondam civilmente e penalmente, pelo descaso ou descuido na assistência hospitalar.<br>El estudio objectivó aprehender las representaciones sociales de las implicaciones legales de la infección hospitalaria (IH) y analizar como esas representaciones se articulan con la cualidad de trabajo desarrollado por los profesionales de la salud y de derecho. Los datos fueron producidos a través de encuestas y procesados por el software Alceste 4.8. El analisis jierarquico decendiente enseñó 04 clases de palabras que objectivaron las impliciones legales de IH , atracado en los aspectos ideológicos, históricos y socio-culturales, en el derecho que el usuario de la salud tiene de no correr riesgos, resultantes de ocurrencias causadas por negligencia de los involuncrados en el proceso, debendo ser fiscalizado por los órganos competentes para que los responsables contesten civilmente y penalmente, por el descaso y descuido en asistencia hospitalaria.<br>The study aimed at learning the social representations of the legal implications of hospital infections (HI) and analyze how these representations are articulated with the quality of work developed by the health and law professionals.The data were produced through interviews and processed by software Alceste4.8. The descendant hierarchical analysis showed 04 classes of words, that objected the legal implications of HI, anchored in the ideological, historical and socio-cultural aspects, in the rights that the health user has not run risks, resulting of occurences caused by negligence of involved in the process having to be fiscalized by the competent organs in order the responsibles answer civily and penaltily, miscase or miscare in hospital assistance

Representações sociais do processo de escolha de chefias na perspectiva da equipe de enfermagem

Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, qualitativa, com o objetivo de analisar a representação social do processo de escolha de chefias entre profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário. As informações foram obtidas mediante as técnicas de associação livre de palavras e entrevista aberta. Para este artigo realizou-se análise de conteúdo categorial temática, tendo como guia de leitura a Teoria das Representações Sociais. A partir desse enfoque emerge a categoria: divisão da equipe de enfermagem - constituintes e constituídos pelo processo de escolha de chefias. Esta se configura como a cristalização da representação social sobre o objeto, ancorada em elementos relacionados à liderança, imparcialidade, mudança, conhecimento, confiança e humanização. Destaca-se a noção de liderança por acenar um movimento na imagem de divisão da equipe ao associar o processo de escolha de chefias a um espaço de comunicação, propício à integração da equipe e ao reconhecimento de potenciais líderes