The value-relevanceof Accounting Information in Nigeria: Analysts’ perception in the IFRS regime

This study investigates the effect of IFRS adoption on the value-relevance of accounting information in Nigeria. The study builds on the explanation of extant finance theories on the value and timing of information. IFRS was measured with more disclosure of economic events as well as the fair valuation of economic events under IFRS. The opinions of a number of financial analysts with the aid of e-mail questionnaire were sourced. A log-linear test was run to test the interaction of the variables and the significance of such interaction. A significant relationship was found between the each of the independent variables and the dependent variable at 5% level of significance. The study therefore offers explanations regarding the IFRS adoption as a bridge of the gap between accounting and finance measurement of information. Hence, concludes that IFRS adoption has enhanced the value relevance of accounting information in Nigeria. However, recommendation was made that more measures should be put in place to ensure full compliance of IFRS by all affected Nigerian entities

EFFECTS OF NON-LINEAR MAGNETIC CHARGE ON INDUCTION FURNACE OPERATION DURING THE HEATING CYCLE

This research studying the electromagnetic behavior of the induction furnace when its core is a magnetic material taking into consideration the effect of the non-linear dependence of the magnetic flux induced in it due to the applied magnetizing force. Since the magnetic characteristics are severely affected by temperature rise in a non-linear way, so as the specific electric resistance of the charge material, this work deals with studying the effect of temperature on the non-linear characteristics of a magnetic core simultaneously with that on the specific electric resistance to show the electromagnetic behavior of the furnace during heating operation. The distribution of the current density, flux density and the magnetizing force at different temperatures inside the furnace and on the charge surfaces are determined for different temperatures. Also the flux distribution is plotted at these cases. This study will be the base for future work on the electromagnetic-thermal coupled analysis for the induction furnace

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Milk composition at different stages of lactation in first-calving cows of Military Farm at Savar, Bangladesh

Objectives: The present research work was taken up to examine the changing pattern of colos¬trum to normal milk and also to monitor the effect of phages of lactations on compositional changes of milk produced by Holstein-Friesian Crossbred cows of Military Farm Savar. Materials and Methods: A total of 05 milking cows from the first calving were selected. Colostrum samples were gathered on calving and the 5th day after calving. The concentration of major ingre¬dients [fat, protein, lactose, total solids (TS), solid-not-fat (SNF), and ash] changed significantly after birth, the day on 5, similar to normal milk. The average values of specific gravity, fat, protein, lactose, TS, SNF, and ash content of colostrum were observed on day 1 and day 5. Results: The specific gravity was 1.045 and 1.031, respectively. The fat, protein, and lactose con¬tents of colostrum on day 01 and day 05 after calving showed a significant difference. The compo¬sition of whole milk showed that the specific gravity was 1.029. According to the different stages of lactation, it was found that the protein, lactose, fat, TS, SNF, and ash content were lower in the first 2 months of lactation. After 3 months of lactation, it started to increase, and there was a significant change at the end of the sampling period. Conclusion: The composition of colostrum and milk of Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows was within the normal range, and the changing pattern was similar to the other dairy breeds. [Vet. Res. Notes 2023; 3(3.000): 16-21