SMEs an economic outlook

In the event of time outside the southeast and west of Kosovo, the SME was replaced by the drivers of economic development.Its economic development is the framework for political and economic macroeconomics, and the state secret lies in the development of SMEs. This is the first part of the truth, while the latter is simpler, SMEs' philosophy depends on entrepreneurs and management. in promoting and developing SMEs, new management salvage attempts, WoodThis includes the effective management of software, software, software, structures, people and resources as well as control stations with control. This process reviews the combination of common sense and power, the ability, the need risks and the specific knowledge in planning, organization, coordination, motivation and control as well as the organization and the mission. Nutz. the more effective and efficient.One of the main tasks of managers is to motivate and inspire people, and to create vision and create new challenges, where motivation is something that works in a person to bring himself to the best. Goal-oriented, mother for the family and the company in which we work, goes well &nbsp

Modelling Inclusiveness of Growth in Nigeria. What are the Roles of Remittances and Institutional Quality?

The Nigerian economy has witnessed tremendous growth in the last three and half decades, yet 62.7% of the 188 million population remains poor. The non-inclusiveness of growth recorded has heightened the search for the underlying cause of this age-old macroeconomic problems. The institutional mechanism in place to attract worker’s remittances in order to attain a broad-based growth have been the placed at the forefront of the national quest for growth to be inclusive. In analysing the role of institutions in the remittance-inclusive growth puzzle, this paper employ the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Approach to account for the short-run and long-run structural properties of the model. Findings reveals that remittances has a long-term negative relationship with inclusiveness of growth while institutional quality positively enhances inclusiveness of growth in Nigeria in the long-run. However, institutions have negative short-term relationship with inclusive Growth while remittances have short-term positive relationship with inclusive Growth in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that the society should do more to embrace strong institutions that will promote inclusiveness and their instrumental value as a means toward better growth performance and equal income distribution

Monetary Policy and Bank Lending in Nigeria

In the last few decades, the high level of fluctuation on the macroeconomic variables rate in Nigeria has disrupted the well-functioning of the financial system which invariably slows the pace of economic activities in the country. Hence, this informed the need to examine the impact of monetary variables on bank lending in Nigeria. The study made use of macroeconomic time series variables between 1980-2018. The data obtained were subjected to Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) of Ordinary Least Square econometric technique as the estimation method of analysis. The findings of the study revealed inflation rate and interest rate have a significant negative effect on loans and advances; the exchange rate has a positive significant effect on loans and advances while liquidity ratio and money supply have a negative insignificant effect on loans and advances. More so, the Granger Causality test further revealed that the inflation rate does cause the lending rate in Nigeria while the interest rate doesn't cause the inflation rate in Nigeria. Inflation rate, interest rate and exchange rate are the major significant determinants of commercial bank loans and advances in Nigeria

Macroeconomic determinants of unemployment in Africa: A panel data analysis approach

The study explored the macroeconomic determinants of unemployment in Africa using panel data analysis (fixed effects, random effects, pooled ordinary least squares, dynamic generalized methods of moments), with data spanning from 2001 to 2015. Several empirical studies on the determinants of unemployment have been done, results of which are convergent, divergent and quite mixed. What is clearly coming out of this empirical research is that there is no universal agreed list of the determinants of unemployment. Across all the four econometric estimation methods used, the variables which were found not to be significant determinants of unemployment include information and communication technology, human capital development and infrastructural development. The dynamic GMM method observed that the lag of unemployment exacerbated unemployment in Africa. All the four econometric approaches used produced results which show that FDI increased unemployment in the African continent. African authorities are therefore urged to ensure that they implement policies which ensures that the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) translates into easing unemployment woos in the continent. The random effects and pooled OLS noted that financial development had a significant positive effect on unemployment in the case of Africa. The relevant African authorities should therefore implement programmes and policies that enhances the poor people’s financial inclusion so that they can benefit from developed financial markets. As expected and justified by literature, the pooled OLS shows that trade openness and population growth had a significant positive impact on unemployment in Africa. However, the interaction between information and communication technology (ICT) and human capital development was found to have had a significant negative influence on unemployment across all the four econometric estimation approaches. Africa is therefore urged to enhance human capital development if they intend to economically benefit from new technologies especially during the present day 4th industrial revolution otherwise their people becomes redundant. As expected, fixed effects and pooled OLS methods shows that economic growth had a significant negative influence on unemployment in Africa. It is against this backdrop that the study urges African authorities to implement growth-oriented policies if they intend to reduce unemployment in the region

Determinants of Financial Sustainability of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Ghana

Financial sustainability of NGOs has become a global concern in the wake of global financial crisis which has reduced donor funds from developed economies to developing countries. NGOs play an important role in developing countries like Ghana and as such their financial sustainability is very important not only for the NGOs but the Ghanaian economy. The study examined the factors that determine financial sustainability of NGOs in Ghana based on the following variables; sound financial management practices, income diversification, own income generation, good donor relationship and the use of ERPs and Cloud Accounting by NGOs. The study sampled 56 NGO where data was collected through the administration of questionnaires. Data was analysed using various statistical tools such as frequencies, graphs, tables, Kruskal Wallis Test and regression analysis. The results of the study showed that NGOS in Ghana are donor dependent and have little diversification of income as well as less own income generation measures in place. This results show that NGOs in Ghana are not financially sustainable and as such need income generating income measures that will help them to be financially reliable. The results show that sound financial management practices, own income generation by NGOs, diversification of income and good donor relationship are the key determinants of financial sustainability of NGOs in Ghana. The use of ERP systems and cloud accounting had positive effect on NGO financial sustainability but statistically insignificant. The results call for NGOs to take steps to improve these factors in their respective organization if they want to improve their financial sustainability

Premises of Liability of a Person who Assists in Causing Damage under Polish Civil Law

Objectives: This study has been devoted to selected issues of assistance  in causing damage and more specifically to the issue of the premises of liability for damages of a helper under Polish civil law. Prior dispute: There is an important dispute in the Polish doctrine of law and in judicial practice as well, whether it is possible to accept liability for damages of the helper in the absence of his intentional fault. Approach: The work was prepared using a formal and dogmatic method. Results: Under Polish tort law responsibility for aiding and abetting a damage requires the helper's intentional fault. Implication: The paper could be useful for academics and researchers dealing with the comparative tort law. Value: The study raises arguments for the thesis that the sine qua non premise of a helper's civil responsibility is intentional fault. The study presents a critical analysis of the views of doctrine and case law

Official Development Assistance and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria (1981-2017)

The aim of this study is to examine the long run equilibrium relationship between official development assistant and poverty alleviation in Nigeria over the period of 1981 to 2017 which past studies have failed to explore. Consequently, the study utilized data from UNCTAD, World Bank database, CBN Statistical Bulletin and Cointegration, DOLS and Granger Causality approach was used to address the objective of this study. However, the major findings in this study are summarized as follows. Firstly, there is a significant negative relationship between official development assistance and poverty level in Nigeria. However, FDI which also constitutes a strategic part of foreign capital in Nigeria does not contribute to poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Furthermore, official development assistance and poverty level in Nigeria have a bidirectional feedback. Due to the findings that emerged from this study, the following recommendations are made for the policy makers that whenever alleviation of poverty is the target of the policy makers in the country, the Nigerian government should be committed to the provision of a sound environment and good governance that can facilitate further inflows of official development assistance from the developed countries, especially G 7 countries. Also, the policy makers in Nigeria should ensure that ODA should be tailored towards projects and programs that have trickle down effects on the masses in the country

Psycho-Social Behavior of the Child Diabetes Diagnosed in the Favorite Family and Placement Center

We present the psychosocial behavior of a 10-year-old girl who was diagnosed with type 1diabetes at the age of 5. It comes from an underprivileged family, having four older siblings and beingneglected by parents. Her mother left to work abroad and her father worked temporarily in the villagewhere they lived. Recently the father died. He arrived at the Emergency Clinic Hospital for GalatiChildren countless times, with a long history of hospitalizations. The girl took advantage of the diseaseto escape school and poverty at home. At the hospital she received hot food and befriended children ofher age. He refused to eat for a day, which deliberately caused him to be hospitalized and hospitalized.The girl is insulin dependent. When he met with the clinical psychologist he demonstrated emotionalimmaturity, lack of cooperation and showed no trace of regret that his father died. Meanwhile, themother agreed to let the child go to a placement center. After arriving at the placement center where hemade friends, the number of admissions decreased and the girl was no longer absent from school

Playwriting: an analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Whatsapp and Facebook Messages

The concept of writing in all its ramifications has remained pivotally significant in the process of documentations, from the antediluvian to the contemporary times. This is asserted on power, prowess and flexibility of the playwright in carefully adapting his environment and mirroring it satisfactorily. This paper examines the art of playwriting as a medium of adaptation of the society holistically and narrowing it to the influence of the social media (Facebook and whatsapp) on English language in making modern plays. In the process of interacting with people from different educational and societal backgrounds, social media platforms have influenced their use of English language and as such, the playwright captures them. This paper through the content and data analysis examines the influence of Facebook and WhatsApp on English language in playwriting processes in particular and the society at large. This paper hinges on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s “Use Theory” and Aristotle’s mimetic wisdom theory as its theoretical fibre. This study through three Facebook groups and three Whatsapp groups provides understanding of budding playwrights’ experiences of using Facebook and WhatsApp and their view on how it affects their writing of plays in flexible English language. The paper recommends that budding and experienced playwrights should flexibly adapt the nuances of social media to stay germane, focus and creative in the contemporary theatre industry and advance the craft of playwriting in mirroring the society

Investment Literacy among University Students in South Africa

There is a lack of evidence on the levels of investment literacy among South African university students in business related courses. Being investment literate is pivotal to making informed financial decisions that affect long term financial well-being. This study surveyed 344 students studying business degrees at a South African university to assess their investment literacy and the relationship between their investment literacy and their gender, age, discipline, major field of study, race and a monthly allowance. This study utilised ANOVA and a logistic regression model to analyse and explore relationships between the students’ mean percentage scores for each investment literacy question vis-à-vis their socio-demographic diversities. The findings suggest that business students are investment literate. However, it was found that female business students are less knowledgeable than male business students and finance-related students are more knowledgeable than non-finance related students. The differences between these groups are statistically significant and imply that not all business students and eventual business graduates are investment literate. Hence, this study advocate for the inclusion of personal investment modules in the students’ curriculum