Prevention and treatment of bronchopneumonia in mice caused by mouse-adapted variant of avian H5N2 influenza A virus using monoclonal antibody against conserved epitope in the HA stem region.

The effects of monoclonal antibody (MAb) C179 recognizing a conformational epitope in the middle of the hemagglutinine (HA) stem region were examined in a mouse model in the experiments of prevention and treatment of lethal bronchopneumonia caused by influenza A virus of H5 subtype. To model the lethal infection, avian nonpathogenic strain A/mallard duck/Pennsylvania/ 10218/84 (H5N2) was adapted to mice. This resulted in highly pathogenic pneumovirulent mouse-adapted (MA) variant, which was characterized.

Investigation of energy and mass balance “Trimyx-3M” Galatea multipole magnetic trap

In the work using Rogowski loop, measurements of the diamagnetic current, generating in the plasma volume of the “Trimyx-3M” Galatea multipole magnetic trap under its filling by plasmoids have been carried out. These measurements are confirmed by signals from diamagnetic probes. The mean value of the energy in plasma volume in the process of the trap filling by plasma and during plasma decay have been determined by the magnitude of diamagnetic current. These measurements are carried out simultaneously with the measurement of the time dependence of mean plasma density by microwave interferometer.За допомогою поясу Роговського здійснено виміри діамагнітного струму, що виникає в плазмовому об’ємі мультипольної магнітної пастки-Галатеї "Трімікс-3М" при наповненні її плазмовими згустками. Ці виміри підтверджені сигналами з діамагнітних зондів. За величиною діамагнітного струму визначалася величина енергії в плазмовому об’ємі і її зміна в процесі заповнення пастки плазмою і її розпаду. Виміри проведено одночасно з вимірами за допомогою СВЧ-інтерферометра часової залежності середньої концентрації плазми.С помощью пояса Роговского произведены измерения диамагнитного тока, возникающего в плазменном объеме мультипольной магнитной ловушки-Галатеи «Тримикс-3М» при наполнении ее плазменными сгустками. Эти измерения подтверждены сигналами с диамагнитных зондов. По величине диамагнитного тока определялась величина энергии в плазменном объеме и ее изменение в процессе заполнения ловушки плазмой и её распада. Измерения проведены одновременно с измерением с помощью СВЧ-интерферометра временной зависимости средней концентрации плазмы

Finite sum of gluon ladders and high energy cross sections

A model for the Pomeron at $t=0$ is suggested. It is based on the idea of a finite sum of ladder diagrams in QCD. Accordingly, the number of $s$-channel gluon rungs and correspondingly the powers of logarithms in the forward scattering amplitude depends on the phase space (energy) available, i.e. as energy increases, progressively new prongs with additional gluon rungs in the $s$-channel open. Explicit expressions for the total cross section involving two and three rungs or, alternatively, three and four prongs (with $\ln^2(s)$ and $\ln^3(s)$ as highest terms, respectively) are fitted to the proton-proton and proton-antiproton total cross section data in the accelerator region. Both QCD calculation and fits to the data indicate fast convergence of the series. In the fit, two terms (a constant and a logarithmically rising one) almost saturate the whole series, the $\ln^2(s)$ term being small and the next one, $\ln^3(s)$, negligible. Theoretical predictions for the photon-photon total cross section are also given.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, 2 EPS figures, uses axodraw.st

ИНВАЗИВНАЯ СТРЕПТОКОККОВАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ (ГРУППЫ А) МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ В ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОМ СТАЦИОНАРЕ Г. МОСКВЫ

Aim. To study features and risk factors  of soft tissue's invasive streptococcal infection in surgical unit's patients: a) emm-types of the most often recovered streptococcus; b) human immune response for streptococcal antigens (streptolysin-O and the group A carbohydrate antigen); c) main patient's conditions that complicate the course of soft tissue's streptococcal infection. Patients and methods. 101 surgical unit's patients with soft tissue's infection, which group A streptococcal (GAS) nature, were examined. Emm-types were determined by comparison of emm gene sequenced part with data of CDC Streptococcus Laboratory. ASO and specific anti-group-carbohydrate IgM were measured with photometry and ELISA accordingly.  Patient’s personal data were analyzed by standard statistical programs. Results. Among 34 emm-types of all streptococcal isolates emm28 and emm64 were registered only in invasive infection.  Emm-types 1, 49, 60, 66, 77, 84, 88 were most often. Among 23 sera from invasive GAS-infection's patients, 15 (65%) were ASO-negative, 6 (26%) were ASO-low-positive, and 2 (8%) were positive, but negative for the anti-group-A-carbohydrate IgM. Conclusion. Lower levels of the humoral immune response as well as risk factors such as trauma, alcoholism, diabetes, chronic venous insufficiency contributed to development of severe forms of GAS-infection. The main streptococcal emm-types for soft tissue's invasive GAS infection in one of Moscow surgical unit's patients in 2008-2011 were registered. Цель. Изучить особенности и факторы риска развития инвазивной стрептококковой инфекции мягких тканей у пациентов хирургического стационара, определив: а)emm-типы наиболее часто высеваемых стрептококков; б)уровень иммунного ответа макроорганизма  на антигены стрептококка (стрептолизин-О, полисахарид); в)состояния, осложняющие течение стрептококковой инфекции мягких тканей. Пациенты и методы. В исследование включали пациентов хирургического стационара (101чел.), у которых выделяли стрептококки группы А. Emm-типы стрептококков устанавливали сравнением секвенированной части гена emm с данными Международного банка данных emm-типов CDC. В сыворотках определяли антитела (IgM) к полисахариду (методом ИФА) и к стрептолизину-О (спектрофотометрически). Персональные данные о больных обработаны с помощью стандартных статистических программ. Результаты. Среди идентифицированных 34-х emm-типов стрептококков 28-ой и 64-ый встречались только при инвазивной инфекции.  Кроме того, наиболее часто определяли emm-типы 1, 49, 60, 66, 77, 84, 88. Из 23 сывороток больных инвазивной формой в 15-ти (65%) отмечали низкий уровень гуморального иммунного ответа на стрептолизин-О, в 6-ти (26%)  наблюдали незначительное превышение нормального уровня, в двух случаях (8%) показатели были высокие, но при низком уровне гуморального иммунного ответа  на полисахарид.  Заключение. К факторам риска отнесены травмы, алкоголизм, диабет, хроническая венозная недостаточность нижних конечностей и низкий уровень гуморального иммунного ответа на антигены стрептококка. Определен набор emm-типов стрептококка, вызывающих  развитие инвазивных форм стрептококковой (группы А) инфекции мягких тканей у пациентов хирургического стационара г.Москвы (2008-2011годы).

The triple-pomeron regime and the structure function of the pomeron in the diffractive deep inelastic scattering at very small x

Misprints and numerical coefficients corrected, a bit of phenomenology and one figure added. The case for the linear evolution of the unitarized structure functions made stronger.Comment: KFA-IKP(Th)-1993-17, Landau-16/93, 46 pages, 14 figures upon request from N.Nikolaev, [email protected]

Superconformal operators in N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory

We construct, in the framework of the N=4 SYM theory, a supermultiplet of twist-two conformal operators and study their renormalization properties. The components of the supermultiplet have the same anomalous dimension and enter as building blocks into multi-particle quasipartonic operators. The latter are determined by the condition that their twist equals the number of elementary constituent fields from which they are built. A unique feature of the N=4 SYM is that all quasipartonic operators with different SU(4) quantum numbers fall into a single supermultiplet. Among them there is a subsector of the operators of maximal helicity, which has been known to be integrable in the multi-color limit in QCD, independent of the presence of supersymmetry. In the N=4 SYM theory, this symmetry is extended to the whole supermultiplet of quasipartonic operators and the one-loop dilatation operator coincides with a Hamiltonian of integrable SL(2|4) Heisenberg spin chain.Comment: 45 pages, Latex, 4 figure

Gauge/string duality for QCD conformal operators

Renormalization group evolution of QCD composite light-cone operators, built from two and more quark and gluon fields, is responsible for the logarithmic scaling violations in diverse physical observables. We analyze spectra of anomalous dimensions of these operators at large conformal spins at weak and strong coupling with the emphasis on the emergence of a dual string picture. The multi-particle spectrum at weak coupling has a hidden symmetry due to integrability of the underlying dilatation operator which drives the evolution. In perturbative regime, we demonstrate the equivalence of the one-loop cusp anomaly to the disk partition function in two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory which admits a string representation. The strong coupling regime for anomalous dimensions is discussed within the two pictures addressed recently, -- minimal surfaces of open strings and rotating long closed strings in AdS background. In the latter case we find that the integrability implies the presence of extra degrees of freedom -- the string junctions. We demonstrate how the analysis of their equations of motion naturally agrees with the spectrum found at weak coupling.Comment: Latex, 59 pages, 6 figure

PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual

The PYTHIA program can be used to generate high-energy-physics `events', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.Comment: 576 pages, no figures, uses JHEP3.cls. The code and further information may be found on the PYTHIA web page: http://www.thep.lu.se/~torbjorn/Pythia.html Changes in version 2: Mistakenly deleted section heading for "Physics Processes" reinserted, affecting section numbering. Minor updates to take into account referee comments and new colour reconnection option

Measurement of the photon+b+b-jet production differential cross section in ppˉp\bar{p} collisions at \sqrt{s}=1.96~\TeV

We present measurements of the differential cross section dsigma/dpT_gamma for the inclusive production of a photon in association with a b-quark jet for photons with rapidities |y_gamma|< 1.0 and 30<pT_gamma <300 GeV, as well as for photons with 1.5<|y_gamma|< 2.5 and 30< pT_gamma <200 GeV, where pT_gamma is the photon transverse momentum. The b-quark jets are required to have pT>15 GeV and rapidity |y_jet| < 1.5. The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.7 fb^-1, recorded with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron $p\bar{p}$ Collider at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. The measured cross sections are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations using different sets of parton distribution functions as well as to predictions based on the kT-factorization QCD approach, and those from the Sherpa and Pythia Monte Carlo event generators.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.

Measurement of beauty production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

The beauty production cross section for deep inelastic scattering events with at least one hard jet in the Breit frame together with a muon has been measured, for photon virtualities Q^2 > 2 GeV^2, with the ZEUS detector at HERA using integrated luminosity of 72 pb^-1. The total visible cross section is sigma_b-bbar (ep -> e jet mu X) = 40.9 +- 5.7 (stat.) +6.0 -4.4 (syst.) pb. The next-to-leading order QCD prediction lies about 2.5 standard deviations below the data. The differential cross sections are in general consistent with the NLO QCD predictions; however at low values of Q^2, Bjorken x, and muon transverse momentum, and high values of jet transverse energy and muon pseudorapidity, the prediction is about two standard deviations below the data.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure