Associated factors with physical activity and social activity in a sample of brazilian older adults : data from the FIBRA Study

Este trabalho investigou os fatores associados à atividade física em quatro diferentes domínios e o desempenho de atividades sociais em 2.344 idosos (72,3 ± 5,5 anos; 65,6% mulheres) sem déficit cognitivo, residentes na comunidade de seis localidades brasileiras. Uma versão adaptada do Minnesota Leisure Time Activity Questionnaire foi utilizada para avaliar a atividade física em quatro diferentes domínios. Um inventário de atividade social foi desenvolvido para a pesquisa. Idade, gênero e renda familiar foram avaliados por autorrelato. Foram realizadas comparações de frequências e análises de regressão logística. Todas as variáveis sociodemográficas demonstraram afetar o perfil de engajamento em atividade da amostra. Ter maior renda familiar comprovou associação a nível elevado de atividade física no lazer, no trabalho e no deslocamento, resultado apoiado pela literatura. O gênero associado a alto nível de atividade variou de acordo com o domínio específico do indicador de atividade analisado. Ter menos idade confirmou ser associado a nível mais elevado de atividade em todos os indicadores integrados à idade, evidenciando o avanço na idade como a grande barreira ao desempenho de atividades físicas e sociais na velhice. Possibilitar o engajamento dos idosos com mais idade é o grande desafio de políticas públicas de fomento ao envelhecimento ativo22CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES5550822006-701P - 1741/2016This study investigates associated factors to participation in four domains of physical activity and social activities among 2344 community-dwelling older adults (72.3 ± 5.5 years; 65.6% female) without cognitive impairment, residents in six Brazilian cities. An adapted version of Minnesota Leisure Time Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity in four different domains. An inventory of social activities was developed for research. Age, gender and family income were assessed by self-report. Comparisons of frequencies and logistic regression analyzes were performed. All sociodemographic variables were affecting the activity engagement profile of the sample. Have higher family income showed association with high level of leisure time, occupational and transportation physical activity, result supported by the literature. The gender associated with high level of activity varied according to the specific domain of the analyzed activity indicator. Have less age proved to be associated with higher level of activity in all indicators associated with age, highlighting the increasing age as the major barrier to performance physical and social activities in old age. Allow the active involvement of older people is the great challenge of public policies that promote active agin

Prospective Measures Of Depressive Symptoms In Community-dwelling Elderly Individuals

Objective: To identify sociodemographic factors associated with patterns of incidence, remission and stability of depressive symptoms in communitydwelling elderly individuals. Methods: prospective study was conducted, where 310 communitydwelling elderly individuals of the city of Juiz de Fora, Southeastern Brazil, were interviewed between 2002 and 2004. Follow-up (T2) was performed 15.7 months after the first interview (T1). Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Elderly individuals were classified according to the progression of depressive symptoms and compared in terms of sociodemographic variables with Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: There were no differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms between T1 and T2 (33.8%). A total of four groups were identified, according to the progression of symptoms from the first to the second measure: without depressive symptoms (50.9%); recurrence (19.7%); incidence (15.2%); and remission (14.2%). Scoring for depression in T1, being female and having a low level of education represented risks of manifesting depressive symptoms in T2. Conclusions: The worst progressions of depressive symptoms (incidence and recurrence) were associated with the female gender.44611371143Aldwin, C.M., Elders life stress inventory: egocentric and nonegocentric stress (1990) Stress and coping in late life families, pp. 49-70. , Stephens MAP, Hobfall SE, Tennenbaum DL, editors. New York: HemisphereBaltes, P.B., Baltes, M.M., Psychological perspectives on successful aging: the model of selective optimization with compensation (1990) Successful aging: perspectives from the behavioral sciences, pp. 1-34. , Stephens MAP, Hobfall SE, Tennenbaum DL, editors. New York: Cambridge University PressBarefoot, J., Mortensen, E., Helms, M.J., Avlund, K., Schroll, M., A longitudinal study of gender differences in depressive symptoms from age 50 to 80 (2001) Psychol Aging, 16 (2), pp. 342-345. , DOI:10.1037/0882-7974.16.2.342Batistoni, S.S.T., Neri, A.L., Cupertino APFB. Validade da escala de depressão do Center for Epidemiological Studies entre idosos brasileiros (2007) Rev Saude Publica, 41 (4), pp. 598-605. , DOI:10.1590/S0034-89102007000400014Beekman, A.T.F., Geerlings, S.W., Deeg, D.J., Smit, J.H., Schoevers, R.S., de Beurs, E., The natural history of late-life depression: a 6-year prospective study in the community (2002) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 59 (7), pp. 605-611. , DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.59.7.605Blazer, D.G., Depression in late life: review and commentary (2003) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 58 (3), pp. 249-265Bolla-Wilson, K., Bleecker, M.L., Absence of depression in elderly adults (1989) J Gerontology, 44 (2), pp. P53-P55Davey, A., Halverson C.F., Jr., Zonderman, A.B., Costa P.T., Jr., Change in depressive symptoms in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging (2004) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 59 (6), pp. P270-P277Fiske, A., Wetherell, J.L., Gatz, M., Depression in older adults (2009) Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 5, pp. 363-389. , DOI:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153621Heikkinen, R.L., Kauppinen, M., Depressive symptoms in late life: a 10-year follow-up (2004) Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 38 (3), pp. 239-250. , DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2003.10.004Hybels, C.F., Blazer, D.G., Pieper, C.F., Toward a threshold for subthreshold depression: an analysis of correlates of depression by severity of symptoms using data from an elderly community sample (2001) Gerontologist, 41 (3), pp. 357-365Kennedy, G.J., Kelman, H.R., Thomas, C., Persistence and remission of depressive symptoms in late life (1991) Am J Psychiatry, 148 (2), pp. 174-178Knäuper, B., Wittchen, H.U., Diagnosing major depression in the elderly: evidence for response bias in standardized diagnostic interviews? (1994) J Psychiatr Res, 28 (2), pp. 147-164. , DOI:10.1016/0022-3956(94)90026-4Nguyen, H.T., Zonderman, A.B., Relationship between age and aspects of depression: consistency and reliability across two longitudinal studies (2006) Psychol Aging, 21 (1), pp. 119-126. , DOI:10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.119Radloff, L.S., The CES-D Scale: a self-report depressive scale for research in the general population (1977) J Appl Psychol Meas, 1 (3), pp. 385-401. , DOI:10.1177/014662167700100306Rothermund, K., Brandtstädter, J., Depression in later life: cross-sequential patterns and possible determinants (2003) Psych Aging, 18 (1), pp. 80-90. , DOI:10.1037/0882-7974.18.1.80Schoervers, R.A., Beekman, A.T., Deeg, D.J., Hooijer, C., Jonker, C., van Tilburg, W., The natural history of late-life depression: results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL) (2003) J Affect Disord, 76 (1-3), pp. 5-14. , DOI:10.1037/0882-7974.18.1.80Silveira, D.X., Jorge, M.R., Escala de Rastreamento Populacional para Depressão CES-D em populações clínicas e não clínicas de adolescentes e adultos jovens (2000) Escalas de avaliação clínica em psiquiatria e farmacologia, pp. 125-134. , Gorestain C. Andrade LHSG, Zuarde AW, editores. São Paulo: Lemo

Social roles and aging from a life-span perspective

Este trabalho investigou os papéis sociais e as tarefas evolutivas desempenhados por adultos. O local escolhido para investigação foi um assentamento de famílias de baixa renda do Distrito Federal criado em 1989. Utilizou-se um questionário contendo 17 questões abertas e 15 questões fechadas, preenchido pela primeira autora durante uma visita domiciliar. Participaram 98 respondentes (73 F e 25 M), sendo 51 entre 50 e 59 anos e 47 a partir de 60 anos. Os resultados apontaram que este grupo é heterogêneo e que seus papéis sociais são influenciados pelas variáveis demográficas (idade, sexo, escolaridade, ocupação, naturalidade e estado civil) e também pelas variáveis relativas à moradia atual. Concluiu-se também que as expectativas sociais, o suporte social e a escolarização são fatores de suma importância para oferecer recursos para a otimização e compensação necessárias a um envelhecimento bem sucedido. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study investigated the social roles and developmental tasks of adults. The study took place in a settlement of low-income families, created in The Federal District in 1989. Data were collected through a questionnaire composed of 17 open and 15 closed questions, administered by the first author during a home visit. There were 98 respondents, 73 female and 25 male, being 51 between 50 to 59 years old and 47 elders above the age of 60. The result indicated that this group is heterogeneous and that its social roles are influenced by the demographic variables - age, sex, educational level, work, place of the birth and marital status, as well for the relative variables to current residence. The data allow the conclusion that social expectations, social support and the educational level are important resources for the optimization and necessary compensation to successful aging

Fenótipo De Fragilidade: Influência De Cada Item Na Determinação Da Fragilidade Em Idosos Comunitários - Rede Fibra

The phenotype of frailty is used to assess frailty among the elderly by examining the following items: weight loss; exhaustion; low level of physical activity; weakness; and slow gait speed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of each item to determine the frailty syndrome among elderly Brazilians. The analysis was done using Multinomial Logistic Regression. The total sample of 5532 randomly selected elderly people in many cities in Brazil between December 2008 and September 2009 was assessed using the phenotype of frailty. The most frequent items were level of physical activity, followed by muscular weakness and slow gait speed. Items that were more likely to develop frailty, when positive, were slow gait speed (OR = 10.50, 95%CI 8.55 - 12.90, p <0.001) and muscular weakness (OR = 7.31, 95%CI 6,02 - 8,86, p <0.001). The final model with five items explained 99.6% of frailty in the sample. These results suggested that the level of physical activity, weakness and slow gait speed were the items that most influence the determination of frailty, however the application of all items of the phenotype of frailty is the best way to assess frailty. © 2016, Associacao Brasileira de Pos - Graduacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved.21113483349

A First Search for coincident Gravitational Waves and High Energy Neutrinos using LIGO, Virgo and ANTARES data from 2007

We present the results of the first search for gravitational wave bursts associated with high energy neutrinos. Together, these messengers could reveal new, hidden sources that are not observed by conventional photon astronomy, particularly at high energy. Our search uses neutrinos detected by the underwater neutrino telescope ANTARES in its 5 line configuration during the period January - September 2007, which coincided with the fifth and first science runs of LIGO and Virgo, respectively. The LIGO-Virgo data were analysed for candidate gravitational-wave signals coincident in time and direction with the neutrino events. No significant coincident events were observed. We place limits on the density of joint high energy neutrino - gravitational wave emission events in the local universe, and compare them with densities of merger and core-collapse events.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, science summary page at http://www.ligo.org/science/Publication-S5LV_ANTARES/index.php. Public access area to figures, tables at https://dcc.ligo.org/cgi-bin/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=p120000

All-sky search for long-duration gravitational wave transients with initial LIGO

We present the results of a search for long-duration gravitational wave transients in two sets of data collected by the LIGO Hanford and LIGO Livingston detectors between November 5, 2005 and September 30, 2007, and July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010, with a total observational time of 283.0 days and 132.9 days, respectively. The search targets gravitational wave transients of duration 10-500 s in a frequency band of 40-1000 Hz, with minimal assumptions about the signal waveform, polarization, source direction, or time of occurrence. All candidate triggers were consistent with the expected background; as a result we set 90% confidence upper limits on the rate of long-duration gravitational wave transients for different types of gravitational wave signals. For signals from black hole accretion disk instabilities, we set upper limits on the source rate density between 3.4×10-5 and 9.4×10-4 Mpc-3 yr-1 at 90% confidence. These are the first results from an all-sky search for unmodeled long-duration transient gravitational waves. © 2016 American Physical Society

All-sky search for long-duration gravitational wave transients with initial LIGO

We present the results of a search for long-duration gravitational wave transients in two sets of data collected by the LIGO Hanford and LIGO Livingston detectors between November 5, 2005 and September 30, 2007, and July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010, with a total observational time of 283.0 days and 132.9 days, respectively. The search targets gravitational wave transients of duration 10-500 s in a frequency band of 40-1000 Hz, with minimal assumptions about the signal waveform, polarization, source direction, or time of occurrence. All candidate triggers were consistent with the expected background; as a result we set 90% confidence upper limits on the rate of long-duration gravitational wave transients for different types of gravitational wave signals. For signals from black hole accretion disk instabilities, we set upper limits on the source rate density between 3.4×10-5 and 9.4×10-4 Mpc-3 yr-1 at 90% confidence. These are the first results from an all-sky search for unmodeled long-duration transient gravitational waves. © 2016 American Physical Society

Reporting guideline for the early stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI

A growing number of artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems are showing promising performance in preclinical, in silico, evaluation, but few have yet demonstrated real benefit to patient care. Early stage clinical evaluation is important to assess an AI system’s actual clinical performance at small scale, ensure its safety, evaluate the human factors surrounding its use, and pave the way to further large scale trials. However, the reporting of these early studies remains inadequate. The present statement provides a multistakeholder, consensus-based reporting guideline for the Developmental and Exploratory Clinical Investigations of DEcision support systems driven by Artificial Intelligence (DECIDE-AI). We conducted a two round, modified Delphi process to collect and analyse expert opinion on the reporting of early clinical evaluation of AI systems. Experts were recruited from 20 predefined stakeholder categories. The final composition and wording of the guideline was determined at a virtual consensus meeting. The checklist and the Explanation & Elaboration (E&E) sections were refined based on feedback from a qualitative evaluation process. 123 experts participated in the first round of Delphi, 138 in the second, 16 in the consensus meeting, and 16 in the qualitative evaluation. The DECIDE-AI reporting guideline comprises 17 AI specific reporting items (made of 28 subitems) and 10 generic reporting items, with an E&E paragraph provided for each. Through consultation and consensus with a range of stakeholders, we have developed a guideline comprising key items that should be reported in early stage clinical studies of AI-based decision support systems in healthcare. By providing an actionable checklist of minimal reporting items, the DECIDE-AI guideline will facilitate the appraisal of these studies and replicability of their findings

The polarized image of a synchrotron-emitting ring of gas orbiting a black hole

High Energy Astrophysic