ARQUEOLOGIA COMUNITÁRIA NA RESERVA AMANÃ: HISTÓRIA, ALTERIDADE E PATRIMÔNIO ARQUEOLÓGICO

This paper presents an overview of settlement patterns in the AmanãSustainable Development Reserve, putting into perspective the relationsthat the population maintains with local archeological heritage. Researchwas carried out with the participation of local communities. Through the communities’ particular historical trajectories, we identified two distinctways in which they appropriate and give meaning to archeological heritage. In this reflection, we suggest that settlement patterns in Amanã refer to processes of continuity inscribed in the landscape. We explore the meaning and the relations that local dwellers establish with the archeological vestiges, relations that encompass processes of self-definition and notions of alterity that directly influence strategies for the management of archaeological heritage.Keywords: Community archaeology, Amanã reserve, heritage managementO presente artigo apresenta um panorama das ocupações da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, colocando em perspectiva as relações que a população mantém com o patrimônio arqueológico existente na área. As pesquisas são desenvolvidas com a participação comunitária e, a partir de trajetórias históricas particulares das comunidades, identificamos duas formas distintas de apropriação e significação do patrimônio arqueológico. Nesta reflexão, sugerimos que as ocupações em Amanã remetem a processos de continuidade marcados nas paisagens. Além disso, exploramos os significados e as relações que os moradores estabelecem com os vestígios arqueológicos, relações estas que envolvem processos de autodefinições e noções de alteridade que influenciam diretamente as estratégias de gestão. Palavras-chave: Arqueologia comunitária, RDS Amanã, gestão do patrimôni

URNAS FUNERÁRIAS NO LAGO AMANÃ, MÉDIO SOLIMÕES, AMAZONAS: CONTEXTOS, GESTOS E PROCESSOS DE CONSERVAÇÃO

The Lake Amanã, located near the junction of the Japurá and the Solimões rivers, is in a still poorly known archaeological region. However, since 2006, surveys and excavations have been conducted with the support of the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM). This pa­per presents preliminary data on the funerary contexts of that region as well as on the potentials of the recovered material. The results obtained from the study of some funerary urns from Bom Jesus do Baré and São Miguel do Cacau indicate unique burial practices. The presence of accompa­nying mortuary furniture inside the vessels, the possibility of being primary burials, the proximity of the urns within the sites, and the vessels’ character­istics suggest a high degree of uniformity during the Caiambé phase, related do the Incised Rim Tradition or Barrancoid Series. Keywords: Funerary urns, Lake Amanã, taphonomy.La région du Lac Amanã, proche de la confluence des fleuves Japurá et Solimões, est encore peu connue archéologiquement. Toutefois, depuis 2006 des prospections et des fouilles ont été menées avec le soutien de l’Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM). Dans cet article seront présentées quelques données, pré­liminaires, sur les contextes funéraires de la région et le potentiel du matériel retrouvé. Les résultats de l'étude de quelques urnes des sites de Bom Jesus do Baré e São Miguel do Cacau indiquent des pratiques funéraires propres à la région. La présence de maté­riel d'accompagnement dans les urnes, la possibilité d'inhumations primaires,la proximité des vases et leurs caractéristiques, suggèrent un haut degré d'uniformité pendant la Phase Caiambé, la Tradition Bord Incisé ou Barrancoïde. Mots-Clés : Urnes funéraires, Lac Amanã, taphonomie.A região do Lago Amanã, próximo à confluência dos rios Japurá e Solimões é ainda pouco conhecida arqueologicamente. Desde 2006, no entanto, levantamentos e escavações vêm sendo ali realizados com o apoio do Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM). Nesse artigo serão apresentados alguns dados, ainda incipientes, sobre os contextos funerários da região e os potenciais do material encontrado. Os resultados obtidos a partir do estudo de algumas urnas funerárias dos sítios Bom Jesus do Baré e São Miguel do Cacau indicam práticas funerárias particulares à região. A presença de material de acompanhamento dentro dos vasos, a possibilidade de enterramentos primários, a proximidades das urnas nos sítios a forma e as características dos vasos, levam a pensar num alto grau de uniformidade durante a fase Caiambé, relacionada à Tradição Borda Incisa ou série Barrancóide. Palavras-Chave: Urnas funerárias, Lago Amanã, tafonomia

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

mobilit\ue0 e transizioni nei mecati del lavoro locali

La mobilit\ue0 individuale nelle organizzazioni e nei settori delle attivit\ue0 economiche costituisce da tempo un oggetto privilegiato della ricerca sociale. Mercati interni ed esterni del lavoro, contrattazione primaria e secondaria, politiche del personale e delle risorse umane, ruolo dei sindacati rappresentano soltanto alcuni dei terreni e degli ambiti in cui il tema della mobilit\ue0 degli individui \ue8 stato di volta in volta tematizzato e indagato. Anche a seconda dei principali interessi di ricerca, tali tematizzazioni hanno privilegiato, implicitamente o esplicitamente, letture dei comportamenti individuali riconducibili ad impostazioni centrate sulla concezione dell\u2019attore auto-interessato e preminentemente propenso alla massimizzazione della propria utilit\ue0 oppure a visioni macro-struttural\uec in cui tale comportamento veniva sostanzialmente desunto dalle relazioni e dai rapporti di forza tra attori collettivi (imprese, sindacato, stato, etc.), e cos\uec via. La prospettiva di ricerca, pur facendo tesoro delle acquisizioni e degli elementi di conoscenza prodotti a partire da tali punti di approcci, si iscrive nel quadro che, in termini estremamente sintetici, possiamo definire di sociologia istituzionalista e pragmatica. Come \ue8 noto, il termine istituzionalismo ricopre diversi significati nelle scienze sociali, anche a seconda dei differenti ambiti disciplinari in cui \ue8 utilizzato. Tuttavia \ue8 possibile scorgere almeno un elemento di fondo, trasversalmente presente nelle pur differenziate interpretazioni di questo stesso concetto, che costituisce in effetti il nucleo dell\u2019impianto interpretativo del nostro lavoro di ricerca. Esso insiste sull\u2019idea che, lungi dal presentarsi dicotomicamente separate ed opposte nell\u2019interazione sociale, la dimensione della razionalit\ue0 e quella normativa in realt\ue0 interagiscono costitutivamente; e che, pertanto, compito dell\u2019analisi sociologica \ue8 proprio quello di cogliere le modalit\ue0 con cui tale interazione avviene, si struttura, si modifica

Polymères et microscopies de champ proche : mesure et imagerie des propriétés élastiques et viscoélastiques (invited lecture)

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