Authentic Tibetan Tantric Buddhism and its Controversial Terma Tradition: A Review

This short commentary reviews, on the one hand, the authentic formation and development of Tibetan Tantric Buddhism, an innovative branch that is featured by the transformation of negative emotions (NEs) to a valuable vehicle to reach the enlightenment of consciousness via achieving three different levels of kayas by experiencing three-stage practices; on the other hand, its problematic Terma tradition that claims to make use of six different ways in the transmissions of Buddhist teachings generation after generation. Both religious and scientific critiques are presented to this tradition in view of several aspects like the religious doctrine authenticity, historical veracity, and the formation of the tradition

Cap rock efficiency of geothermal systems in fold-and-thrust belts: Evidence from paleo-thermal and structural analyses in Rosario de La Frontera geothermal area (NW Argentina)

Cap rock characterization of geothermal systems is often neglected despite fracturing may reduce its efficiency and favours fluid migration. We investigated the siliciclastic cap rock of Rosario de La Frontera geothermal system (NW Argentina) in order to assess its quality as a function of fracture patterns and related thermal alteration. Paleothermal investigations (XRD on fine-grained fraction of sediments, organic matter optical analysis and fluid inclusions on veins) and 1D thermal modelling allowed us to distinguish the thermal fingerprint associated to sedimentary burial from that related to fluid migration. The geothermal system is hosted in a Neogene N-S anticline dissected by high angle NNW- and ENE-striking faults. Its cap rock can be grouped into two quality categories: • rocks acting as good insulators, deformed by NNW–SSE and E–W shear fractures, NNE-SSW gypsum- and N-S-striking calcite-filled veins that developed during the initial stage of anticline growth. Maximum paleo-temperatures (< 60 °C) were experienced during deposition to folding phases.• rocks acting as bad insulators, deformed by NNW-SSE fault planes and NNW- and WNW-striking sets of fractures associated to late transpressive kinematics. Maximum paleo-temperatures higher than about 115 °C are linked to fluid migration from the reservoir to surface (with a reservoir top at maximum depths of 2.5 km) along fault damage zones.This multi-method approach turned out to be particularly useful to trace the main pathways of hot fluids and can be applied in blind geothermal systems where either subsurface data are scarce or surface thermal anomalies are lacking.Fil: Maffucci, R.. Universita Degli Studi Della Tuscia; Italia. Universita Degli Studi Roma Tre; ItaliaFil: Corrado, Sveva. Universita Degli Studi Roma Tre; ItaliaFil: Aldega, L.. Instituto de Investigaciones Universitarias Roma la Sapienza; ItaliaFil: Bigi, S.. Instituto de Investigaciones Universitarias Roma la Sapienza; ItaliaFil: Chiodi, Agostina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Di Paolo, L.. Eni E&P Division; ItaliaFil: Giordano, G.. Universita Degli Studi Roma Tre; ItaliaFil: Invernizzi, C.. Universita Degli Di Camerino; Itali

El volcanismo jurásico superior de la Formación Río Damas-Tordillo (33°-35,5°S): antecedentes su sobre petrogénesis, cronología, proveniencia e implicancias tectónicas

Los depósitos continentales y volcánicos de la Formación Rio Damas-Tordillo, Jurásico Superior, representan un período restringido de sedimentación continental dentro del registro mayormente marino de la Cuenca Neuquina. Datos anteriores y los presentados en este trabajo, sugieren que el cambio a un estado de mayor acoplamiento entre placas durante el Jurásico tardío (160-140 Ma), sumado a la continua efusión de material volcánico, resultaron en una progresiva emersión del dominio de arco y ante arco, para finalmente desconectar a la cuenca de tras-arco del Océano Pacífico. Este importante cambio en la configuración del margen tuvo como resultado el desarrollo de una regresión marina y posterior sedimentación continental con aportes desde el oeste, en una cuenca de tras-arco de tipo hemigraben. Una edad máxima de depositación de 146,4±4.4 Ma obtenida en la parte superior de la secuencia sedimentaria, sugiere que los potentes depósitos de volcanismo asociado a subducción, observados en la parte superior de la unidad, fueron eruptados en un período de tiempo muy restringido, lo cual probablemente fue facilitado por la presencia de estructuras extensionales relacionadas con el desarrollo de la cuenca de tras-arco. Datos geoquímicos elementales e isotópicos, junto con modelamientos de ACF, sugieren un manto astenosférico deprimido como fuente del material ígneo, y el fraccionamiento de olivino y plagioclasa, combinado con pequeños volúmenes de asimilación de corteza inferior, como los principales procesos involucrados en la evolución de los magmas. No es posible diferenciar, en términos geoquímicos, la fuente y procesos petrogenéticos del volcanismo Jurásico reconocido en la Cordillera de la Costa y el de la Formación Río Damas-Tordillo.The uppermost Jurassic continental and volcanic deposits of the Río Damas-Tordillo Formation represent an interval of intense continental deposition within the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous dominantly marine environment of the Mendoza-Neuquén back-arc basin. Stratigraphic and geochronological data indicate that progressive emersion of the arc and forearc domain, disconnecting the back-arc region from the Pacific Ocean, occurred during occurred during the Late Jurassic and probably the Early Cretaceous (~160-140 Ma). This change in the margin configuration induced a marine regression and the subsequent deposition of continental material in the back-arc basin. The most likely source of the sediments would have been the Jurassic arc, located west of the back-arc basin. The maximum depositional age of 146.4±4.4 Ma obtained from a red sandstone immediately below volcanic rocks confirms recent Tithonian maximum depositional ages assigned to the Río Damas-Tordillo Formation, and suggests that the volcanic rocks, overlain by marine fossiliferous Tithoninan-Hauterivian sequences, should have erupted within a short time span during the Late Jurassic. Volcanism was probably facilitated by the presence of extensional structures related to the formation of the back-arc basin. Elemental and isotopic data, along with forward AFC models, suggest a depleted sub-arc asthenospheric mantle source for the volcanic rocks and the fractionation of olivine and plagioclase, along with small volumes of lower crust assimilation, as the main processes involved in the magmatic evolution. It is not possible to establish a different source and petrogenetic conditions for the Río Damas-Tordillo Formation and the magmatism in the arc domain located further west, at the present-day Coastal Cordillera.Fil: Rossel, Pablo. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Oliveros, Verónica. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Mescua, Jose Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Tapia, Felipe. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. Departamento de Geología; ChileFil: Ducea, Mihai Nicolae. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Calderón, Sergio. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. Departamento de Geología; ChileFil: Charrier González, Reynaldo. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. Departamento de Geología; ChileFil: Hoffman, Derek. University of Arizona; Estados Unido

Pengelolaan Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas 1 Di SD Negeri 1 Termas Karangrayung Kabupaten Grobogan

Tujuan penelitian untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan perencanaan pembelajaran tematik kelas 1 di SD Negeri Termas Karangrayung Kabupaten Grobogan. (2) Mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik kelas 1 di SD Negeri Termas Karangrayung Kabupaten Grobogan. (3) Mendeskripsikan evaluasi pembelajaran tematik kelas 1 di SD Negeri Termas Karangrayung Kabupaten Grobogan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan bentuk kualitatif dan dengan menggunakan desain etnografi. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Termas Karangrayung Kabupaten Grobogan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi berpartisipasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian: (1) Perencanaan pembelajaran tematik dilakukan oleh guru dengan cara membuat jaringan tema yaitu dengan menghubungkan kompetensi dasar dan indikator dengan tema pemersatu, sehingga akan terlihat kaitan antara tema, kompetensi dasar dan indikator dari setiap mata pelajaran. mencakup kegiatan pemetaan kompetensi dasar, pengembangan jaringan tema, pengembangan silabus dan penyusunan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. (2) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik menggunakan tiga tahapan yaitu kegiatan awal, kegiatan inti, dan kegiatan akhir. Kegiatan awal dilakukan untuk mendorong siswa menfokuskan dirinya agar mampu mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan baik. Penyajian bahan pembelajaran dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai strategi/metode yang bervariasi. Kegiatan akhir untuk memantapkan pemahaman siswa terhadap pembelajaran tematik. (3) Evaluasi pembelajaran pada kelas I ditekankan pada kemampuan membaca, menulis dan berhitung karena merupakan syarat dari kenaikan kelas. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan mengacu pada indikator dari masing-masing kompetensi dasar dan hasil belajar dari mata-mata pelajaran. Evaluasi dilakukan secara terus menerus dan selama proses belajar mengajar berlangsung. Alat evaluasi dapat berupa tes dan non tes

South American Melolonthinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) classification and nomenclature: some problems and solutions

Classificatory changes are made for some taxa of New World Melolonthinae based on the examination of specimens (including type specimens) and a reevaluation of some of the characters used to justify previous classification decisions. Blepharotoma angustata (Blanchard) (new combination) is transferred from the genus Aplodema Blanchard. The Neotropical members of the genus Heteronyx Guérin-Méneville are transferred to the genus Blepharotoma resulting in the following new combinations: Blepharotoma boliviana (Moser), Blepharotoma corumbana (Moser), Blepharotoma cuyabana (Moser), Blepharotoma heynei (Moser), and Blepharotoma schencklingi (Moser). The genus Blepharotoma is transferred from the tribe Liparetrini to the tribe Sericoidini. The genus Aplodema and the junior synonym Haplodema Harold are transferred from the tribe Liparetrini to the tribe Sericoidini and synonymized with the genus Sericoides Guérin-Méneville. Sericoides magellanica (Blanchard) (new combination) is transferred from the genus Aplodema and placed as a senior synonym of Apterodema acuticollis Fairmaire (new synonymy). Ampliodactylus (new genus) is described for two southern South American species: Ampliodactylus marmoratus (Curtis) (new combination) and Ampliodactylus vestitus (Philippi) (new combination). The genus Chremastodus Solier is placed in synonymy with the genus Macrodactylus Dejean (Macrodactylini) and Chremastodus pubescens Solier is placed as a junior synonym of Macrodactylus chilensis Solier (new synonymy). Macrodactylus crassipes Philippi and Macrodactylus nigrinus Philippi are placed as junior synonyms of Macrodactylus farinosus Philippi (new synonymies). The genus Astaenosiagum Martínez is placed in synonymy with the genus Pristerophora Harold (Macrodactylini). Pristerophora longipes (Philippi) (new combination) is transferred from the genus Astaenosiagum and Schizochelus ursulus Philippi is placed as a junior synonym of this species (new synonymy). Pristerophora paulseni (new species) is described. Pristerophora picipennis (Solier) is placed as a senior synonym of Schizochelus breviventris Philippi (new synonymy) and Schizochelus serratus Philippi (new synonymy). Pusiodactylus (new genus) is described for two southern South American species: Pusiodactylus mondacai (new species) and Pusiodactylus flavipennis (Philippi) (new combination). The genus Paulosawaya Martínez and D'Andretta is placed in synonymy with the genus Clavipalpus Laporte (Macrodactylini) resulting in the new combination Clavipalpus ornatissima (Martínez and D'Andretta). The following replacement names are proposed for three junior secondary homonyms the genus Plectris LePeletier and Serville: Plectris evansi (new name) for Plectris cinerascens Moser (junior secondary homonym of Plectris cinerascens (Blanchard)), Plectris katovichi (new name) for Plectris bonariensis Frey (junior secondary homonym of Plectris bonariensis (Bruch)), and Plectris tacoma (new name) for Plectris comata (Blanchard) (junior secondary homonym of Plectris comata (Blanchard))

A new species of Liolaemus related to L. nigroviridis from the Andean highlands of Central Chile (Iguania, Liolaemidae)

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus.The Liolaemus nigroviridis group is a clade of highland lizards endemic to Chile. These species are distributed from northern to central Chile, and currently there are no cases of sympatric distribution. This study describes a new species, Liolaemus uniformis sp. n., from this group, and provides a detailed morphological characterization and mitochondrial phylogeny using cytochrome-b. Liolaemus uniformis was found in sympatry with L. nigroviridis but noticeably differed in size, scalation, and markedly in the color pattern, without sexual dichromatism. This new species has probably been confused with L. monticola and L. bellii, both of which do not belong to the nigroviridis group. The taxonomic issues of this group that remain uncertain are also discussed.https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=601

Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for Hypochaeris incana (Asteraceae) and Close Relatives

Premise of the study: We developed microsatellite markers to study clonal growth and interspecific hybridization in the Patagonian and subantarctic plant Hypochaeris incana (Asteraceae) and its closest relatives. Methods and Results: We developed primers for microsatellite loci from 454 sequence reads of genomic DNA of H. incana. We tested them on individuals of H. acaulis, H. hookeri, H. incana, H. palustris, and H. tenuifolia. We selected 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci, which delivered clearly scorable fragments in most or all species. With mean values between 0.7 and 0.8, the expected heterozygosity in populations of H. incana is high. Conclusions: Due to high levels of polymorphism, the developed markers make it possible to distinguish between genets and ramets in H. incana. In some markers, null alleles complicate the scoring of genotypes in tetraploids. All of the developed markers are suitable to study interspecific hybridization among this group of closely related species.Fil: Wang, Ping. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; AustriaFil: Tremetsberger, Karin. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; AustriaFil: Urtubey, Estrella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Bernhardt, Karl-Georg. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Austri

Entre o ócio e a sociabilidade: o papel das termas públicas na vida social de Bracara Augusta

As termas públicas constituem um dos edifícios mais característicos da civilização romana e uma poderosa expressão do modo romano de conceber a vida e de usar o tempo. Representam, por isso, um importante contexto de análise para valorizar as complexas relações que se estruturavam nos espaços urbanos do Império Romano. Verdadeiros espaços de ócio, mas também de sociabilidade, as termas reuniam num único edifício as funções dos balaneia e do gymnasium gregos, tendo integrado espaços culturais e recreativos que as configuravam como um verdadeiro microcosmos, onde se desenvolviam atividades variadas dedicadas ao tratamento do corpo e do espírito e onde se podia simplesmente disfrutar dos prazeres do convívio, num ambiente luxuoso e privilegiado. Lugares de recreio, de agregação social e de troca cultural, as termas públicas representaram um importante meio de uniformização dos costumes e modos de vida romanos, funcionando igualmente como espaços de construção identitária das comunidades cívicas urbanas. Por isso, os edifícios termais recuperados pela Arqueologia oferecem-se como um contexto privilegiado de estudo da sociedade romana, com a vantagem de serem equipamentos largamente representados em todas as províncias e cidades do Império

Escritura y trabajo social: del autor al lector

Elaborado sobre la base de la Conferencia dictada en las XXI Jornadas Nacionales de Trabajo Social, Termas de Río Hondo. Santiago del Estero. 2001