Risk of Residual Neoplasia after a Local-Risk Resection of Colorectal Lesions by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Multinational Study

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in colorectal lesions is demanding, and a significant rate of non-curative procedures is expected. We aimed to assess the rate of residual lesion after a piecemeal ESD resection, or after an en bloc resection but with positive horizontal margins (local-risk resection-LocRR), for colorectal benign neoplasia. A retrospective multicenter analysis of consecutive colorectal ESDs was performed. Patients with LocRR ESDs for the treatment of benign colorectal lesions with at least one follow-up endoscopy were included. A cohort of en bloc resected lesions, with negative margins, was used as the control. A total of 2255 colorectal ESDs were reviewed; 352 of the ESDs were "non-curative". Among them, 209 were LocRR: 133 high-grade dysplasia and 76 low-grade dysplasia. Ten cases were excluded due to missing data. A total of 146 consecutive curative resections were retrieved for comparison. Compared to the "curative group", LocRRs were observed in lengthier procedures, with larger lesions, and in non-granular LSTs. Recurrence was higher in the LocRR group (16/199, 8% vs. 1/146, 0.7%; p = 0.002). However, statistical significance was lost when considering only en bloc resections with positive horizontal margins (p = 0.068). In conclusion, a higher rate of residual lesion was found after a piecemeal ESD resection, but not after an en bloc resection with positive horizontal margins.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Do Different Sutures with Triclosan Have Different Antimicrobial Activities? A Pharmacodynamic Approach

International audienceBackground: Three antimicrobial absorbable sutures have different triclosan (TS) loads, triclosan release kinetics and hydrolysis times. This in vitro study aims to analyse and compare their antimicrobial pharmacodynamics.Methods: Time-kill assays were performed with eight triclosan-susceptible microorganisms common in surgical site infections (SSIs) and a segment of each TS. Microbial concentrations were measured at T0, T4, T8 and T24 h. Similar non-triclosan sutures (NTS) were used as controls. Microbial concentrations were plotted and analysed with panel analysis. They were predicted over time with a double-exponential model and four parameters fitted to each TS × microorganism combination.Results: The microbial concentration was associated with the triclosan presence, timeslot and microorganism. It was not associated with the suture material. All combinations shared a common pattern with an early steep concentration reduction from baseline to 4-8 h, followed by a concentration up to a 24-h plateau in most cases with a mild concentration increase.Conclusions: Microorganisms seem to be predominantly killed by contact or near-contact killing with the suture rather than the triclosan concentration in the culture medium. No significant in vitro antimicrobial pharmacodynamic difference between the three TS is identified. Triclosan can reduce the suture microbial colonisation and SSI risk

Clin Kidney J

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBIs) remain a major cause of mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients with central venous catheters (CVCs), especially because of the non-specific symptomatology and the delay in microbiological diagnosis with possible use of non-optimal empiric antibiotics. Moreover, empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics increase antibiotic resistance development. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) in suspected HD CRBIs compared with blood cultures. A blood sample for rt-PCR was collected simultaneously with each pair of blood cultures for suspected HD CRBI. The rt-PCR was performed on the whole blood, without any enrichment stage and with specific DNA primers: 16S (universal bacterial), spp., and . Each successive patient with a suspected HD CRBI in the HD centre of Bordeaux University Hospital was included. Performance tests were used to compare the result obtained in each rt-PCR assay with its corresponding routine blood culture. Eighty-four paired samples were collected and compared for 40 suspected HD CRBI events in 37 patients. Among these, 13 (32.5%) were diagnosed as HD CRBI. All rt-PCRs except (insufficient number of positive samples) showed high diagnostic performances within 3.5 h: 16S (sensitivity 100%, specificity 78%), spp. (sensitivity 100%, specificity 97%), (sensitivity 100%, specificity 99%). Based on the rt-PCR results, antibiotics could be more appropriately targeted, thus cutting anti-cocci Gram-positive therapy from 77% to 29%. The performance of rt-PCR in suspected HD CRBI events showed fast and high diagnostic accuracy. Its use would improve HD CRBI management with an antibiotic consumption decrease

Néphrologie & Thérapeutique

La population de patients traités par hémodialyse sur cathéter est fragile, à risque infectieux important. La bactériémie liée au cathéter d’hémodialyse est l’une des complications les plus graves, dont l’incidence augmente chaque année, en lien avec une hausse de l’utilisation des cathéters comme abord vasculaire. Cependant, le diagnostic clinique et microbiologique reste difficile. La mise en place de l’antibiothérapie probabiliste se base sur des recommandations anciennes qui préconisent d’associer une molécule visant le Staphylococcus aureus méticillino-résistant, ainsi qu’une bêtalactamine active sur P. aeruginosa, mais également d’adapter ce traitement probabiliste en réalisant un recueil microbiologique à l’échelle locale, ce qui est rarement réalisé. Dans notre centre d’hémodialyse du CHU de Bordeaux, une analyse de la répartition bactériologique des bactériémies liées au cathéter d’hémodialyse sur la période 2018–2020 a permis de proposer, en accord avec les infectiologues, un protocole d’antibiothérapie probabiliste adaptée. Cette démarche nous a permis de constater une incidence faible de méticillino-résistance des Staphylocoques, une incidence nulle de Staphylocoque après un délai de pose du cathéter de plus de 6 mois, aucun Pseudomonas multirésistant et un très faible pourcentage d’entérobactérie résistant aux céphalosporines. La mise à jour régulière de l’épidémiologie microbiologique des bactériémies liées aux cathéters d’hémodialyse, associée à un partenariat avec l’équipe d’infectiologie dans son centre d’hémodialyse, permettant une adaptation de l’antibiothérapie probabiliste, paraît avoir une bonne faisabilité et, à long terme, favoriser la préservation de l’écologie microbienne à l’échelle individuelle et collective pour la population de patients traités par hémodialyse.Patients in hemodialysis on central venous catheter as vascular access are at risk of infections. Catheter-related bloodstream infection is one of the most serious catheter-complications in hemodialysis patients. Its clinical and microbiological diagnosis is challenging. The implementation of empiric antibiotic therapy is based on old recommendations proposing the combination of a molecule targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and a betalactamin active on P. aeruginosa, and also adapting this probabilistic treatment by carrying out a microbiological register on a local scale, which is rarely done. In our hemodialysis center at Bordeaux University Hospital, an analysis of the microorganisms causing all catheter-related bloodstream infection over the period 2018–2020 enabled us to propose, in agreement with the infectious disease specialists, an adapted probabilistic antibiotic therapy protocol. This approach allowed us to observe a low incidence of meticillinoresistance of Staphylococcus. For catheters inserted more than 6 months ago, we observed no Staphylococcus, no multi-resistant Pseudomonas, and only 2% of Enterobacteria resistant to cephalosporins. A frequent updating of the microbiological epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infection, in partnership with the infectious diseases team in each hemodialysis center, allowing an adaptation of the probabilistic antibiotic therapy, and seems to have a good feasibility. This strategy might favor the preservation of microbial ecology on an individual and collective scale in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Determination of Gender in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera

The pearl industry in French Polynesia is based on exploitation of natural stocks of the black-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera); it generates an annual turnover of 90 million euros. Improvements in pearl quality need genetic studies to improve the populations. This pearl oyster is a protandric species, where the sex-ratio normally is biased towards males. There is an increasing interest in gender control to find the mechanisms to augment female proportions for management purposes. This review summarizes information on exogenous and endogenous factors regulating gender in this and other bivalves and concludes that P. margaritifera is a protandric hermaphrodite, developing as a male during the first two years and without evidence of an effect from abiotic and biotic factors on gender during this phase. Later, pearl oysters progressively change to females, reaching a sex ratio close to 1:1 in specimens >8 years; at this stage, gender is apparently influenced by environmental parameters, but particularly by stress. Future research should seek to accurately determine the effect of temperature and food on sex ratios. Studies should be performed to characterize genes responsible for expression of gender. The use of hormones is a path that might be explored to influence the gender of pearl oysters

Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) rhynchonellides from Northern Spain: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography

The external and internal features, microstructure, and distributions of Coniacian rhynchonellides from the Northern Castilian Platform (Northern Spain) have been studied here. In addition, the revision of numerous European Upper Cretaceous brachiopod collections (e.g., d’Orbigny, 1842-1851; Coquand, 1860, 1862, 1879; Owen, 1962, 1988) has contributed to systematic, biostratigraphic, and palaeobiogeographic precisions. The genus Woodwardirhynchia has been identified for the first time in Spain, represented by W. pontemdiaboli sp. nov., whose range is restricted to the basal Coniacian (Forresteria petrocoriensis zone). This species is characterized by slightly dorsibiconvex shells and antidichotomous ornament with medially rather and anteriorly concave crura. The genus Cyclothyris, well characterized by its long dorsally concave crura, is also recognized. This group is represented in the lower Coniacian (Tissotioides haplophyllus zone) by C. segurai sp. nov., and in the middle and basal upper Coniacian (Gauthiericeras margae zone and lower part of the Hemitissotia turzoi zone) by C. cardiatelia sp. nov. Cyclothyris segurai is an equibiconvex rhynchonellide with a low fold ornamented with rounded ribs, while C. cardiatelia is an asymmetric species with two well-differentiated lobes in the shell, the ventral beak being twisted towards the larger lobe. The study and revision of these three species has also allowed the systematic reassignment of specimens previously classified as Rhynchonella petrocoriensis, Rhynchonella difformis var. globata, Cyclothyris claudicans, Owenirhynchia claudicans, and Cyclothyris aff. globata. The revision of the palaeobiogeographical data concerning the studied assemblages has led to the proposition of two new biochoremas, the Anglo-Paris Subprovince and the Biscay Subprovince

Western outcomes of circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background and Aims: Circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection (cESD) in the esophagus has been reported to be feasible in small Eastern case series. We assessed the outcomes of cESD in the treatment of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Western countries. Methods: We conducted an international study at 25 referral centers in Europe and Australia using prospective databases. We included all patients with ESCC treated with cESD before November 2022. Our main outcomes were curative resection according to European guidelines and adverse events. Results: A total of 171 cESDs were performed on 165 patients. En bloc and R0 resections rates were 98.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.0-99.4) and 69.6% (95% CI, 62.3-76.0), respectively. Curative resection was achieved in 49.1% (95% CI, 41.7-56.6) of the lesions. The most common reason for noncurative resection was deep submucosal invasion (21.6%). The risk of stricture requiring 6 or more dilations or additional techniques (incisional therapy/stent) was high (71%), despite the use of prophylactic measures in 93% of the procedures. The rates of intraprocedural perforation, delayed bleeding, and adverse cardiorespiratory events were 4.1%, 0.6%, and 4.7%, respectively. Two patients died (1.2%) of a cESD-related adverse event. Overall and disease-free survival rates at 2 years were 91% and 79%. Conclusions: In Western referral centers, cESD for ESCC is curative in approximately half of the lesions. It can be considered a feasible treatment in selected patients. Our results suggest the need to improve patient selection and to develop more effective therapies to prevent esophageal strictures.</p