VIH en personas mayores: tratamiento, repercusiones y cuidados

[Resumen] El VIH es una patología que tiene una importancia notable dentro del ámbito de la geriatría y de la gerontología y así lo demuestran las elevadas cifras de prevalencia que se observan desde hace 30 años. Para la elaboración de esta revisión se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva en las bases de datos Medline, Scopus y Google Académico, para poder conocer en profundidad la enfermedad de VIH en las personas mayores. Es importante saber los efectos que produce el virus en el organismo y la combinación de los mismos con los cambios que se producen debido a la edad. Las terapias farmacológicas utilizadas en la actualidad son muy eficaces, pero en este sector de edad hay que tener un especial cuidado con los riesgos, los efectos secundarios, la polifarmacia y las comorbilidades que pueden llegar a presentarse. El VIH es una enfermedad que afecta integralmente a la persona, teniendo repercusiones importantes en el ámbito funcional y físico, psicológico y social del mayor. La asistencia que se le preste al paciente mayor debe estar siempre ajustada a las demandas necesarias en las diferentes etapas de la enfermedad. Todo ello ayuda a concienciar a la sociedad, a los propios afectados y también a los profesionales sanitarios acerca de la importancia que tiene prestar una atención especializada y adecuada a las necesidades que las personas mayores presentan frente al VIH, para poder lograr que el paciente geriátrico aumente su esperanza y su calidad de vida.[Abstract] HIV is a disease that has a significant importance in the field of geriatrics and gerontology and as shown by the high prevalence rates observed for 30 years. For the preparation of this review was conducted a comprehensive literature search in Medline , Scopus and Google Scholar data to learn more about the HIV disease in the elderly. It is important to understand the effects that the virus in the body and the combination thereof with the changes that occur due to aging. Pharmacologic therapies used today are very effective, but in this age sector must take extra care with the risks, side effects, polypharmacy and comorbidities that may actually arise. HIV is a disease that affects the person integrally and has important implications for the functional and physical, psychological and social environment of the elderly. The assistance provided to the patient must always be more tailored to the demands in the different stages of the disease. This helps to raise public awareness, to the affected people and health professionals about the importance of providing specialized and adequate attention to the needs of older people against HIV have to make the geriatric patient increase hope and quality of life.Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.FCS). Mestrado Universitario en Xerontoloxía. Curso 2013/2014

A metal-organic framework based on Co(II) and 3-aminoisonicotinate showing specific and reversible colourimetric response to solvent exchange with variable magnet behaviour

[EN] A versatile metal-organic system consisting of Co-based compounds that show reversible transformations between a 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) of {[Co(mu-3isoani)(2)]center dot DMF}(n) (1) formula (where 3isoani - 3-aminoisonicotinato and DMF - dimethylformamide) and a 0D monomeric [Co(3isoani)(2)(H2O)(4)] (2) complex is reported. These 1 2 transformations, triggered by the exposure of the MOF and the monomer-based compound to H2O and DMF, respectively, involve colour changes from purple (in MOF 1) to light brown (in monomeric complex 2), which imbues the system with colourimetric sensing capacity towards these solvents. Despite the high reactivity of the MOF in contact with water, it presents good thermal stability and permanent porosity with a remarkably high CO2 capture capacity at room temperature (3.35 mmol/g), which is further analysed by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Experimental magnetic properties and CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations of all compounds reveal distinct slow magnetic relaxations for 3D and 0D compounds.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE; PGC2018-102052-A-C22, PGC2018-102052-B-C21 and PID2019-108028GBC21), University of the Basque Country (GIU20/028), Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT1005-16, IT1291-19) and Junta de Andalucia (FQM-394, B-FQM-734-UGR20). O.P.C. thanks his predoctoral fellowship to UPV/EHU. The authors thank for technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF)

Changes in glucagon‐like peptide 1 and 2 levels in people with obesity after a diet‐induced weight‐loss intervention are related to a specific microbiota signature: A prospective cohort study

The study was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI14/00228, PI17/0153 and PI20/00338 to J.V.), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (RTI2018- 093919-B-I00 to S.F.-V. and PID2019-105969GB-I00 to A.M) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2018/A/133 to A.M), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CB07708/0012) is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. S.FV. acknowledges the Miguel Servet tenure-track program (CP10/00438 and CPII16/00008) from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria.Peer reviewe

Doñana. Acta vertebrata. vol 17 (2)

Tres ejemplos de aplicación de métodos indirectos para la estimación de parametros poblacionales en cérvidoAlimentación de la garza real (Ardea cinerea) en la cuenca del Duero (España) durante el periodo reproductoDistribución y tamaño de colonias de buitre leonado (Gyps fulvus) en el alto Ebro y zona Cantábrica próximaDistribución y hábitat del visón americano (Mustela vison Schreber) en el sistema CentraRégimen alimentario del erizo (Erinaceus europaeus L.) durante verano y otoño en setos de la provincia de León (NO de España)Señales sociales de la espátula (Platalea leucorodia) durante el periodo reproductivoVariación del peso corporal en Arvicola terrestris (Rodentia, Arvicolidae) del nordeste ibéricoSobre el dimorfismo sexual en el cráneo del gato montés Felix silvestris Schreber, 1777 del sudoeste ibéricoUn nuevo núcleo poblacional de Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834) en la Península Ibérica.Selección de la lechuza común (Tyto alba) sobre el topillo común (Microtus duodecimcostatus)Importancia de la vegetación emergente en el comportamiento alimenticio de la fochaObservaciones sobre el papel del lagarto ocelado (Lacerta lepida Daudin), el erizo (Erinaceus europaeus L.) y el tejón (Meles meles L.) en la dispersión de semillasComentarios sobre los estimadores empleados en el método de la batida.El uso de la batida como método de censo: una replicaPeer reviewe

The imperative for quality control programs in Monkeypox virus DNA testing by PCR: CIBERINFEC quality control

© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.To evaluate molecular assays for Mpox diagnosis available in various clinical microbiology services in Spain through a quality control (QC) approach. A total of 14 centers from across Spain participated in the study. The Reference Laboratory dispatched eight serum samples and eight nucleic acid extracts to each participating center. Some samples were spiked with Mpox or Vaccinia virus to mimic positive samples for Mpox or other orthopox viruses. Participating centers provided information on the results obtained, as well as the laboratory methods used. Among the 14 participating centers seven different commercial assays were employed, with the most commonly used kit being LightMix Modular Orthopox/Monkeypox (Mpox) Virus (Roche®). Of the 12 centers conducting Mpox determinations, concordance ranged from 62.5% (n = 1) to 100% (n = 11) for eluates and from 75.0% (n = 1) to 100% (n = 10) for serum. Among the 10 centers performing Orthopoxvirus determinations, a 100% concordance was observed for eluates, while for serum, concordance ranged from 87.5% (n = 6) to 100% (n = 4). Repeatedly, 6 different centers reported a false negative in serum samples for Orthopoxvirus diagnosis, particularly in a sample with borderline Ct = 39. Conversely, one center, using the TaqMan™ Mpox Virus Microbe Detection Assay (Thermo Fisher), reported false positives in Mpox diagnosis for samples spiked with vaccinia virus due to cross-reactions. We observed a positive correlation of various diagnostic assays for Mpox used by the participating centers with the reference values. Our results highlight the significance of standardization, validation, and ongoing QC in the microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases, which might be particularly relevant for emerging viruses.This research was supported by CIBER (Strategic Action for Monkeypox)—Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red—(CB 2021), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea—NextGenerationEU. A. d. S. is supported by ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (grant number JR22/00055).Peer reviewe

Epidemiologic Features and Control Measures during Monkeypox Outbreak, Spain, June 2022

During June 2022, Spain was one of the countries most affected worldwide by a multicountry monkeypox outbreak with chains of transmission without identified links to disease-endemic countries. We provide epidemiologic features of cases reported in Spain and the coordinated measures taken to respond to this outbreak.S

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease.

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics