217 research outputs found
Marta María Magdalena Huertas, El modelo constitucional norteamericano en los fallos de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación (1863-1903), Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones de Historia del Derecho, 2001.
Fil: Santiago, Alfonso (h).
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letra
Retos del derecho constitucional contemporáneo
1 documento en PDF de 16 páginas.Con reflexiones académicas sobre el “neoconstitucionalismo”, este libro recoge conclusiones de la experiencia constitucional en Colombiay en otros países. Especialmente crítico, destaca los aciertos del neoconstitucionalismo y plantea cómo este ha sido incapaz de fortalecer la justicia y de modelar una sociedad más incluyente, por lo cual los autores recomiendan una revisión profunda de sus tesis principales y retomar las fuentes propias de la juridicidad humana y la universalidad de sus bienes básicos y fundamentales.PRESENTACIÓN
CAPÍTULO PRIMERO LA CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL ANTE EL TRIBUNAL DE LA HISTORIA
1. Introducción
2. El "núcleo puro y duro de la Constitución de 1991"
3. "Yo doy las órdenes". La ingeniería social de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia
4. Constitución y Corte Constitucional: una misma cosa
5. Nuevamente el "deseo" como fundamento de la juridicidad: un juez que dice mentiras
6. A modo de conclusión: los poderosos también caen
CAPÍTULO II LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS. ¿ENTRE DESEOS PARTICULARES Y BIENES FUNDAMENTALES?
7. La sociedad secularizada
8. Las "lisonjas de los bribones"
9. De Protágoras a Rorty
10. Rawls, Nozick, Hume, Constant
11. Pluralismo sin fundamentalismos
12. El riesgo del "mandarinismo"
13. El juez constitucional. ¿Imparcial e independiente?
14. El riesgo de la manipulación ideológica del derecho
15. Algunos rasgos del nuevo constitucionalismo
16. ¿Oligarquías del fundamentalismo secularista?
17. ¿Magistratura al servicio de la justicia o al servicio de intereses?
18. Opinión pública y limitación del poder
19. Epílogo. El ojo independiente de la sociedad y los pequeños pelotones
CAPÍTULO III POSITIVISMO, NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO Y ACTIVISMO JUDICIAL
20. Preliminares
A) EL POSITIVISMO JURÍDICO DE HANS KELSEN
21. Autointerés y conflicto
22. La norma
23. Activismo judicial
24. Conclusión. Dominación ilegal y tiranía
B) NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO
25. El sujeto de derechos y la despolitización de la convivencia
26. Los derechos
27. Activismo judicial
28. Estado de naturaleza y anarquismo
29. Consideraciones finales
CAPÍTULO IV LAS APORÍAS PRESENTES DEL DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL
30. Constitución, derecho constitucional y constitucionalismo
31. Constitucionalismo, derecho público y derecho privado
32. Constitución del Estado y constructivismo social
33. ¿Separación de poderes?
34. Un escolio sobre el "judicialismo"
35. El funcionalismo federalista
36. Constitucionalismo y personalismo
37. Neo y posconstitucionalismo
CAPÍTULO V DEL LAICISMO A LA LAICIDAD. UNAS REFLEXIONES (NO EXCLUSIVAMENTE) ESPAÑOLAS
38. ¿De nominibus non est disputandum?" o "res denominatur a potiori?"
39. Al principio, "non est potestas nisi a Deo"
40. El Estado moderno y sus transformaciones. La puesta en plural del pecado original y la doctrina social de la Iglesia como contestación cristiana del mundo moderno
41. La ruina espiritual de un pueblo por efecto de una política
42. Las incoherencias de la predicación actual y la reedificación del derecho público cristiano
CAPÍTULO VI LAS RELACIONES ENTRE RELIGIÓN Y POLÍTICA EN LA SOCIEDAD POSTSECULAR DEL SIGLO XXI
43. Presentación
44. La política
45. La religión
46. Las relaciones entre política y religión
47. La actual trascendencia social, cultural y política del fenómeno religioso
48. El debate Habermas - Ratzinger y el advenimiento de la llamada sociedad postsecular
CAPÍTULO VII EL CONSTITUCIONALISMO FRENTE A LAS CONSTITUCIONES CONTEMPORÁNEAS
49. Introducción
50. El concepto de Constitución
51. La clasificación de las constituciones y una mirada realista
52. La necesidad de "desestatizar" las fuentes del derecho constitucional
53. Una evaluación del principio de separación de poderes
54. La diferencia entre el mundo del "rule of law" y del Estado de derecho
55. El nacimiento del control de constitucionalidad
56. La tradición constitucional en el reconocimiento de los derechos y libertades
57. Las garantías y su progresiva fragmentación en los textos constitucionales
58. El dimensionamiento de una Constitución
59. Las llamadas constituciones modernas
60. Las nuevas tendencias constitucionales
61. Conclusión. El ejemplo constitucional anglosajón
CAPÍTULO VIII LA TEORÍA DE LOS PRINCIPIOS Y EL ESTADO CONSTITUCIONAL. LUCES Y SOMBRAS
62. El Estado constitucional y los principios jurídico-constitucionales
63. La teoría de los principios en la teoría contemporánea del derecho
64. Principios jurídicos y valores constitucionales
65. Criterios distintivos entre principios y reglas
66. La cuestión del fundamento de los principios. Una asignatura pendiente en la teoría principalista de los derechos
CAPÍTULO IX EL CONTROL DE CONSTITUCIONALIDAD DE REFORMAS CONSTITUCIONALES. ALGUNAS SALIDAS PARA LA ENCRUCIJADA CONTRAMAYORITARIA
67. Introducción
68. Las sombras del control de reformas por sustitución
69. Algunas salidas
70. La aplicabilidad de estas alternativas al caso colombiano
BIBLIOGRAFÍ
Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes conferred by the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism in the Spanish population
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 gene (<it>PTPN22</it>) encodes a lymphoid-specific phosphatase (LYP) which is an important downregulator of T cell activation. A <it>PTPN22 </it>polymorphism, C1858T, was found associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in different Caucasian populations. In this study, we aimed at confirming the role of this variant in T1D predisposition in the Spanish population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case-control was performed with 316 Spanish white T1D patients consecutively recruited and 554 healthy controls, all of them from the Madrid area. The <it>PTPN22 </it>C1858T SNP was genotyped in both patients and controls using a TaqMan Assay in a 7900 HT Fast Real-Time PCR System.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We replicated for the first time in a Spanish population the association of the 1858T allele with an increased risk for developing T1D [carriers of allele T vs. CC: OR (95%) = 1.73 (1.17–2.54); p = 0.004]. Furthermore, this allele showed a significant association in female patients with diabetes onset before age 16 years [carriers of allele T vs. CC: OR (95%) = 2.95 (1.45–6.01), female patients vs female controls p = 0.0009]. No other association in specific subgroups stratified for gender, HLA susceptibility or age at onset were observed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results provide evidence that the <it>PTPN22 </it>1858T allele is a T1D susceptibility factor also in the Spanish population and it might play a different role in susceptibility to T1D according to gender in early-onset T1D patients.</p
The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in
operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from
this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release
Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first
two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14
is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all
data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14
is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation
Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the
Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2),
including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine
learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes
from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous
release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of
the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the
important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both
targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS
website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to
data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is
planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be
followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14
happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov
2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections
only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected
Association of Endovascular Thrombectomy vs Medical Management With Functional and Safety Outcomes in Patients Treated Beyond 24 Hours of Last Known Well: The SELECT Late Study
IMPORTANCE: The role of endovascular thrombectomy is uncertain for patients presenting beyond 24 hours of the time they were last known well.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate functional and safety outcomes for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) vs medical management in patients with large-vessel occlusion beyond 24 hours of last known well.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective observational cohort study enrolled patients between July 2012 and December 2021 at 17 centers across the United States, Spain, Australia, and New Zealand. Eligible patients had occlusions in the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery (M1 or M2 segment) and were treated with EVT or medical management beyond 24 hours of last known well.
INTERVENTIONS: Endovascular thrombectomy or medical management (control).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2). Mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) were safety outcomes. Propensity score (PS)-weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were adjusted for prespecified clinical characteristics, perfusion parameters, and/or Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and were repeated in subsequent 1:1 PS-matched cohorts.
RESULTS: Of 301 patients (median [IQR] age, 69 years [59-81]; 149 female), 185 patients (61%) received EVT and 116 (39%) received medical management. In adjusted analyses, EVT was associated with better functional independence (38% vs control, 10%; inverse probability treatment weighting adjusted odds ratio [IPTW aOR], 4.56; 95% CI, 2.28-9.09; P \u3c .001) despite increased odds of sICH (10.1% for EVT vs 1.7% for control; IPTW aOR, 10.65; 95% CI, 2.19-51.69; P = .003). This association persisted after PS-based matching on (1) clinical characteristics and ASPECTS (EVT, 35%, vs control, 19%; aOR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.02-9.72; P = .047); (2) clinical characteristics and perfusion parameters (EVT, 35%, vs control, 17%; aOR, 4.17; 95% CI, 1.15-15.17; P = .03); and (3) clinical characteristics, ASPECTS, and perfusion parameters (EVT, 45%, vs control, 21%; aOR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.04-18.53; P = .04). Patients receiving EVT had lower odds of mortality (26%) compared with those in the control group (41%; IPTW aOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27-0.89; P = .02).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study of treatment beyond 24 hours of last known well, EVT was associated with higher odds of functional independence compared with medical management, with consistent results obtained in PS-matched subpopulations and patients with presence of mismatch, despite increased odds of sICH. Our findings support EVT feasibility in selected patients beyond 24 hours. Prospective studies are warranted for confirmation
Association of Endovascular Thrombectomy vs Medical Management With Functional and Safety Outcomes in Patients Treated Beyond 24 Hours of Last Known Well: The SELECT Late Study
IMPORTANCE: The role of endovascular thrombectomy is uncertain for patients presenting beyond 24 hours of the time they were last known well.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate functional and safety outcomes for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) vs medical management in patients with large-vessel occlusion beyond 24 hours of last known well.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective observational cohort study enrolled patients between July 2012 and December 2021 at 17 centers across the United States, Spain, Australia, and New Zealand. Eligible patients had occlusions in the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery (M1 or M2 segment) and were treated with EVT or medical management beyond 24 hours of last known well.
INTERVENTIONS: Endovascular thrombectomy or medical management (control).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2). Mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) were safety outcomes. Propensity score (PS)-weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were adjusted for prespecified clinical characteristics, perfusion parameters, and/or Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and were repeated in subsequent 1:1 PS-matched cohorts.
RESULTS: Of 301 patients (median [IQR] age, 69 years [59-81]; 149 female), 185 patients (61%) received EVT and 116 (39%) received medical management. In adjusted analyses, EVT was associated with better functional independence (38% vs control, 10%; inverse probability treatment weighting adjusted odds ratio [IPTW aOR], 4.56; 95% CI, 2.28-9.09; P \u3c .001) despite increased odds of sICH (10.1% for EVT vs 1.7% for control; IPTW aOR, 10.65; 95% CI, 2.19-51.69; P = .003). This association persisted after PS-based matching on (1) clinical characteristics and ASPECTS (EVT, 35%, vs control, 19%; aOR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.02-9.72; P = .047); (2) clinical characteristics and perfusion parameters (EVT, 35%, vs control, 17%; aOR, 4.17; 95% CI, 1.15-15.17; P = .03); and (3) clinical characteristics, ASPECTS, and perfusion parameters (EVT, 45%, vs control, 21%; aOR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.04-18.53; P = .04). Patients receiving EVT had lower odds of mortality (26%) compared with those in the control group (41%; IPTW aOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27-0.89; P = .02).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study of treatment beyond 24 hours of last known well, EVT was associated with higher odds of functional independence compared with medical management, with consistent results obtained in PS-matched subpopulations and patients with presence of mismatch, despite increased odds of sICH. Our findings support EVT feasibility in selected patients beyond 24 hours. Prospective studies are warranted for confirmation
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Recurrences are common after antibiotic therapy. Actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies against C. difficile toxins A and B, respectively. METHODS We conducted two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials, MODIFY I and MODIFY II, involving 2655 adults receiving oral standard-of-care antibiotics for primary or recurrent C. difficile infection. Participants received an infusion of bezlotoxumab (10 mg per kilogram of body weight), actoxumab plus bezlotoxumab (10 mg per kilogram each), or placebo; actoxumab alone (10 mg per kilogram) was given in MODIFY I but discontinued after a planned interim analysis. The primary end point was recurrent infection (new episode after initial clinical cure) within 12 weeks after infusion in the modified intention-to-treat population. RESULTS In both trials, the rate of recurrent C. difficile infection was significantly lower with bezlotoxumab alone than with placebo (MODIFY I: 17% [67 of 386] vs. 28% [109 of 395]; adjusted difference, −10.1 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], −15.9 to −4.3; P<0.001; MODIFY II: 16% [62 of 395] vs. 26% [97 of 378]; adjusted difference, −9.9 percentage points; 95% CI, −15.5 to −4.3; P<0.001) and was significantly lower with actoxumab plus bezlotoxumab than with placebo (MODIFY I: 16% [61 of 383] vs. 28% [109 of 395]; adjusted difference, −11.6 percentage points; 95% CI, −17.4 to −5.9; P<0.001; MODIFY II: 15% [58 of 390] vs. 26% [97 of 378]; adjusted difference, −10.7 percentage points; 95% CI, −16.4 to −5.1; P<0.001). In prespecified subgroup analyses (combined data set), rates of recurrent infection were lower in both groups that received bezlotoxumab than in the placebo group in subpopulations at high risk for recurrent infection or for an adverse outcome. The rates of initial clinical cure were 80% with bezlotoxumab alone, 73% with actoxumab plus bezlotoxumab, and 80% with placebo; the rates of sustained cure (initial clinical cure without recurrent infection in 12 weeks) were 64%, 58%, and 54%, respectively. The rates of adverse events were similar among these groups; the most common events were diarrhea and nausea. CONCLUSIONS Among participants receiving antibiotic treatment for primary or recurrent C. difficile infection, bezlotoxumab was associated with a substantially lower rate of recurrent infection than placebo and had a safety profile similar to that of placebo. The addition of actoxumab did not improve efficacy. (Funded by Merck; MODIFY I and MODIFY II ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01241552 and NCT01513239.
The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : survey design, overview, and simulated implementation
Funding for the WEAVE facility has been provided by UKRI STFC, the University of Oxford, NOVA, NWO, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), the Isaac Newton Group partners (STFC, NWO, and Spain, led by the IAC), INAF, CNRS-INSU, the Observatoire de Paris, Région Île-de-France, CONCYT through INAOE, Konkoly Observatory (CSFK), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Lund University, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), the Swedish Research Council, the European Commission, and the University of Pennsylvania.WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20,000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼ 3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼ 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼ 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼ 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z 1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.PostprintPeer reviewe
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