27 research outputs found

    Hydrochemical Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Mining Environment of Afema Township (South-East of Cîte d’Ivoire)

    Get PDF
    Afema Township, located in the department of Aboisso, was mined from 1992 to 1998. At the end of the exploitation, the sites did not undergo any real rehabilitation work. In order to determine the impact of these mining activities on the physicochemical characteristics and quality of groundwater, this study was undertaken. The results of the water analyses collected in the mining area were processed using Piper's triangular diagram and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The methodological approach consisted, first of all, in determining the hydro-facies of the waters studied, then in dividing them into different groups on the basis of their hydro-chemical similarity and in identifying the factors likely to explain both the origin of the parameters studied and their correlation. Finally, the overall quality of these waters was estimated from the calculation of the quality index. The results showed that the waters studied were divided into two main families: chloride-calcium-magnesium waters and bicarbonate-calcium-magnesium waters. They were on the whole weakly mineralized, with an average electrical conductivity of 195.76 ÎŒS.cm-1. This mineralization was controlled by two essential phenomena, the residence time of water in the aquifers and surface infiltration and leaching from unsaturated ground. The physico-chemical quality of the groundwater studied complied with the standards of potability recommended by the WHO. However, the results also showed high levels of cadmium (0.052 mg.L-1) and lead (0.058 mg.L-1); this explained the overall poor quality of these waters according to the water quality index. Thus, the studied waters presented a real risk for human consumption. The consumption of these waters by local communities exposes them to health risks

    Hydrochemical Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Mining Environment of Afema Township (South-East of Cîte d’Ivoire)

    Get PDF
    Afema Township, located in the department of Aboisso, was mined from 1992 to 1998. At the end of the exploitation, the sites did not undergo any real rehabilitation work. In order to determine the impact of these mining activities on the physicochemical characteristics and quality of groundwater, this study was undertaken. The results of the water analyses collected in the mining area were processed using Piper's triangular diagram and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The methodological approach consisted, first of all, in determining the hydro-facies of the waters studied, then in dividing them into different groups on the basis of their hydro-chemical similarity and in identifying the factors likely to explain both the origin of the parameters studied and their correlation. Finally, the overall quality of these waters was estimated from the calculation of the quality index. The results showed that the waters studied were divided into two main families: chloride-calcium-magnesium waters and bicarbonate-calcium-magnesium waters. They were on the whole weakly mineralized, with an average electrical conductivity of 195.76 ÎŒS.cm-1. This mineralization was controlled by two essential phenomena, the residence time of water in the aquifers and surface infiltration and leaching from unsaturated ground. The physico-chemical quality of the groundwater studied complied with the standards of potability recommended by the WHO. However, the results also showed high levels of cadmium (0.052 mg.L-1) and lead (0.058 mg.L-1); this explained the overall poor quality of these waters according to the water quality index. Thus, the studied waters presented a real risk for human consumption. The consumption of these waters by local communities exposes them to health risks

    : Recueil de fiches pédagogiques du réseau MAPS

    Get PDF
    DoctoralLe réseau thématique MAPS «Modélisation multi-Agent appliquée aux Phénomènes Spatialisés » propose depuis 2009 des évènements scientifiques ayant pour but de diffuser les pratiques de modélisations multi-agents au sein des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société (SHS). Ce collectif pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs, d’enseignants-chercheurs et de doctorants est labellisé en tant que â‰Ș réseau thématique » par le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes (GIS RNSC) et bénéficie du soutien du CNRS au titre de la Formation Permanente. Depuis 2009, plusieurs modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s au cours d'Ă©vĂ©nements MAPS. Ces modĂšles ont fait l'objet de fiches pĂ©dagogiques dĂ©taillĂ©es destinées aux communautés éducatives et universitaires et en particulier aux enseignants qui souhaiteraient faire découvrir la modélisation à leurs étudiants, mais aussi à ceux qui envisagent d’approfondir certains aspects avec un public plus averti. Elles sont également destinées à tous les curieux qui souhaiteraient découvrir ce que la modélisation apporte aux SHS, du point de vue heuristique et du point de vue opérationnel. Enfin, elles sont aussi des supports pour toutes les personnes qui souhaiteraient diffuser les réflexions scientifiques sur la modélisation et la simulation qui ont présidé à la rédaction de ces fiches

    Study of the interactions between uranium and organic compounds in the hydrothermal systems

    No full text
    Les relations entre composĂ©s organiques et uranium montrent que ces interactions vont depuis la complexation et le transport de l’uranium dans des fluides organiques jusqu'Ă  sa rĂ©duction par celles-ci conduisant Ă  la prĂ©cipitation de minĂ©raux uranifĂšres. Une Ă©tude expĂ©rimentale Ă  200°C et 500 bar des rĂ©actions entre des composĂ©s modĂšles (composĂ©s organiques purs) tels que les n-alcanes (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-dĂ©cane, n-dodĂ©cane, n-tĂ©tradĂ©cane et n-hexadĂ©cane), un n-alcĂšne (n-dĂ©c-1-Ăšne), des cycles (butyl-cyclohexane et cyclo-hexane) et des aromatiques (butyl-benzĂšne et naphtalĂšne) et des oxydes d’uranium hexavalents a Ă©tĂ© entreprise. La dĂ©termination du degrĂ© d’oxydation des oxydes d’uranium aprĂšs expĂ©rience a permis de dĂ©terminer qu’en milieu aqueux les composĂ©s modĂšles aliphatiques sont des rĂ©ducteurs plus puissants que les composĂ©s aromatiques. Ces expĂ©riences ont permis de dĂ©montrer une oxydation progressive des n-alcanes Ă  partir des composĂ©s C6. La taille croissante des chaĂźnes aliphatiques et l’augmentation du temps de mise en interaction sont des facteurs majeurs de l’augmentation du pouvoir rĂ©ducteur du milieu, dont de la rĂ©duction de l’uranium hexavalent et par voie de consĂ©quence de l’intensitĂ© de l’oxydation du composĂ© organique. Une matiĂšre organique d’origine lacustre ou marine possĂ©dant gĂ©nĂ©ralement une fraction aliphatique plus importante que la matiĂšre organique d’origine continentale sera donc plus susceptible de rĂ©duire l’uranium. Un exemple naturel, les gisements d’uranium de type tectonolithologique localisĂ©s dans les grĂšs de la rĂ©gion d’Arlit, ont Ă©tĂ© choisis afin d’appliquer les rĂ©sultats obtenus dans la partie expĂ©rimentale. Les auteurs prĂ©cĂ©dents ont considĂ©rĂ© que seule cette matiĂšre organique de type III Ă©tait responsable de la rĂ©duction de U(VI) en U(IV). Les travaux que nous avons entrepris montrent que des huiles migrĂ©es d'origine marine probable ont fortement contribuĂ© Ă  la genĂšse de la minĂ©ralisation en uranium. Les analyses pĂ©trographiques prouvent que (i) des bitumes solides, issus de la polymĂ©risation des huiles migrĂ©es, sont prĂ©sents en abondance dans la porositĂ© des grĂšs et dans des fractures au niveau des chenaux des formations grĂ©seuses du Tarat (Tamou, Takriza, Taza Sud en carriĂšres) ainsi que du GuĂ©zouman (mine secteur d’Akouta), et (ii) la minĂ©ralisation en uranium est principalement associĂ©e Ă  cette matiĂšre organique migrĂ©e exprimĂ©e actuellement sous forme de bitumes solides. Dans ceux-ci, l’uranium est liĂ© Ă  une Ă©chelle infra-micromĂ©trique dans les bitumes solides. Des huiles mises en Ă©vidence dans les inclusions fluides dans les surcroissances des grains dĂ©tritiques de quartz des grĂšs minĂ©ralisĂ©s des gisements des formations du GuĂ©zouman et du Tarat confirment la migration d’huile dans les chenaux et de ces formations. Ainsi le rĂŽle prĂ©pondĂ©rant de la matiĂšre organique d'origine marine dans la genĂšse des minĂ©ralisations uranifĂšres de type tectono-lithologique est mise en Ă©vidence de maniĂšre conjointe par l’approche expĂ©rimentale des interactions matiĂšre organique/uranium et par l’étude de la caractĂ©risation de cette matiĂšre dans les gisements d’uranium de la rĂ©gion d'Arlit.Formers studies on the relations between organic matter and uranium have shown that these interactions go since the complexation and the transport of uranium in organics fluids until its reduction by the organic matter leading to the uranium-bearing mineral precipitation. An experimental study of these reactions to 200°C and 500 bars between experimental compounds (pure organic compounds) such as the n-alkanes (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-dodecane, n-tĂ©tradĂ©cane and n-hexadecane), an n-alcene hydrocarbon (n-dec-1-ene), cycles (butyl-cyclohexane and cyclo-hexane) and the aromatic ones (butyl-benzene and naphthalene), and hexavalent uranium oxides was undertaken. These experiments allowed to show a progressive oxidation of n-alkanes starting from made up C6. The increasing size of the aliphatic chains and the increase in the time of setting in interaction are major factors of the increase in the environment oxidizing capacity in interaction with uranium on the organic compound. The determination of the oxidation step of uranium oxides after experiment made it possible to determine that in aqueous environment the aliphatic model compounds are reducers more powerful than the aromatic compounds. An organic matter from lake or marine origin generally has an aliphatic fraction larger than the organic matter of continental origin and thus will be more likely to reduce uranium. A natural example, the uranium deposits in the sandstones from Arlit, the tectonolithologic type, was selected in order to apply the results obtained in the experimental part. They are located in fluviatil sandstones rich in organic matter of continental origin (type III) deposited in the paleochannels. Former authors considered that only this organic matter of type III was responsible for the reduction of U (VI) in U (IV). Work which was undertaken in the present study shows that migrated oils of probable marine origin strongly contributed to the genesis of uranium mineralisation. The petrographic analyses proved that (i) solid bitumens, resulting from the polymerization of migrated oils, are present in abundance in the porosity of the sandstones and fractures at the level of the channels of the Tarat formation (Tamou, Takriza, Southern Taza in careers) and GuĂ©zouman (mine sector of Akouta), and (ii) uranium mineralization is mainly associated with this migrated organic matter currently expressed in the form of solid bitumens. In those, uranium is related which are present at an infra-micrometric scale in the solid bitumens. The oils highlighted in fluid inclusions in the overgrowths of the detrital quartz grains in the sandstones of the GuĂ©zouman and Tarat formations confirm that channels of these two formations are the source of the oil migration. Thus, the dominating role of the organic matter of marine origin in the genesis of uranium-bearing mineralization of tectono-lithological type is highlighted in a joint way by the experimental approach of the interactions organic matter/uranium and by the characterization of this matter from the uraniferous layers in the Arlit area

    The first stage in the formation of the uranium deposit of Arlit, Niger: Role of a new non-continental organic matter

    No full text
    International audienceThe uranium deposits of Arlit are located in fluvial sandstone rich in organic matter of continental origin (type III) deposited in palaeochannels. Previous studies on Arlit deposits documented that organic matter of continental origin (type III) was the main contributor to the reduction of uranium from the oxidation state of uranium(VI) (U(VI)) to uranium(IV) (U(IV)). This study shows that migrated oils of non-continental origin strongly contributed to the genesis of uranium mineralization. The petrographic analyses showed that (i) solid bitumen, resulting from the polymerization of migrated oils, is present in abundance in the porosity of the sandstone and fractures at the level of the channels of the Tarat Formation (Tamou, Takriza, Southern Taza) and GuĂ©zouman Formation (mine sector of Akouta), and (ii) uranium mineralization is mainly associated with this migrated organic matter currently expressed in the form of solid bitumen. The association occurs at an infra-micrometric scale in the solid bitumen. The geochemical analysis, Rock-Eval, Py-GC-MS and GC–MS and the analysis of different indicators and biomarkers (n-alkanes, Pr/Ph, steranes
) indicate the presence of a second organic matter with a different signature to Type –III. The oils present in the porosity of the sandstone of the GuĂ©zouman and Tarat formations confirm that channels of these two formations are the traps of the oil migration

    Etude des interactions entre uranium et composés organiques dans les systÚmes hydrothermaux

    No full text
    Les relations entre composés organiques et uranium montrent que ces interactions vont depuis la complexation et le transport de l uranium dans des fluides organiques jusqu'à sa réduction par celles-ci conduisant à la précipitation de minéraux uranifÚres. Une étude expérimentale à 200C et 500 bar des réactions entre des composés modÚles (composés organiques purs) tels que les n-alcanes (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-décane, n-dodécane, n-tétradécane et n-hexadécane), un n-alcÚne (n-déc-1-Úne), des cycles (butyl-cyclohexane et cyclo-hexane) et des aromatiques (butyl-benzÚne et naphtalÚne) et des oxydes d uranium hexavalents a été entreprise. La détermination du degré d oxydation des oxydes d uranium aprÚs expérience a permis de déterminer qu en milieu aqueux les composés modÚles aliphatiques sont des réducteurs plus puissants que les composés aromatiques. Ces expériences ont permis de démontrer une oxydation progressive des n-alcanes à partir des composés C6. La taille croissante des chaßnes aliphatiques et l augmentation du temps de mise en interaction sont des facteurs majeurs de l augmentation du pouvoir réducteur du milieu, dont de la réduction de l uranium hexavalent et par voie de conséquence de l intensité de l oxydation du composé organique. Une matiÚre organique d origine lacustre ou marine possédant généralement une fraction aliphatique plus importante que la matiÚre organique d origine continentale sera donc plus susceptible de réduire l uranium. Un exemple naturel, les gisements d uranium de type tectonolithologique localisés dans les grÚs de la région d Arlit, ont été choisis afin d appliquer les résultats obtenus dans la partie expérimentale. Les auteurs précédents ont considéré que seule cette matiÚre organique de type III était responsable de la réduction de U(VI) en U(IV). Les travaux que nous avons entrepris montrent que des huiles migrées d'origine marine probable ont fortement contribué à la genÚse de la minéralisation en uranium. Les analyses pétrographiques prouvent que (i) des bitumes solides, issus de la polymérisation des huiles migrées, sont présents en abondance dans la porosité des grÚs et dans des fractures au niveau des chenaux des formations gréseuses du Tarat (Tamou, Takriza, Taza Sud en carriÚres) ainsi que du Guézouman (mine secteur d Akouta), et (ii) la minéralisation en uranium est principalement associée à cette matiÚre organique migrée exprimée actuellement sous forme de bitumes solides. Dans ceux-ci, l uranium est lié à une échelle infra-micrométrique dans les bitumes solides. Des huiles mises en évidence dans les inclusions fluides dans les surcroissances des grains détritiques de quartz des grÚs minéralisés des gisements des formations du Guézouman et du Tarat confirment la migration d huile dans les chenaux et de ces formations. Ainsi le rÎle prépondérant de la matiÚre organique d'origine marine dans la genÚse des minéralisations uranifÚres de type tectono-lithologique est mise en évidence de maniÚre conjointe par l approche expérimentale des interactions matiÚre organique/uranium et par l étude de la caractérisation de cette matiÚre dans les gisements d uranium de la région d'Arlit.Formers studies on the relations between organic matter and uranium have shown that these interactions go since the complexation and the transport of uranium in organics fluids until its reduction by the organic matter leading to the uranium-bearing mineral precipitation. An experimental study of these reactions to 200C and 500 bars between experimental compounds (pure organic compounds) such as the n-alkanes (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-dodecane, n-tétradécane and n-hexadecane), an n-alcene hydrocarbon (n-dec-1-ene), cycles (butyl-cyclohexane and cyclo-hexane) and the aromatic ones (butyl-benzene and naphthalene), and hexavalent uranium oxides was undertaken. These experiments allowed to show a progressive oxidation of n-alkanes starting from made up C6. The increasing size of the aliphatic chains and the increase in the time of setting in interaction are major factors of the increase in the environment oxidizing capacity in interaction with uranium on the organic compound. The determination of the oxidation step of uranium oxides after experiment made it possible to determine that in aqueous environment the aliphatic model compounds are reducers more powerful than the aromatic compounds. An organic matter from lake or marine origin generally has an aliphatic fraction larger than the organic matter of continental origin and thus will be more likely to reduce uranium. A natural example, the uranium deposits in the sandstones from Arlit, the tectonolithologic type, was selected in order to apply the results obtained in the experimental part. They are located in fluviatil sandstones rich in organic matter of continental origin (type III) deposited in the paleochannels. Former authors considered that only this organic matter of type III was responsible for the reduction of U (VI) in U (IV). Work which was undertaken in the present study shows that migrated oils of probable marine origin strongly contributed to the genesis of uranium mineralisation. The petrographic analyses proved that (i) solid bitumens, resulting from the polymerization of migrated oils, are present in abundance in the porosity of the sandstones and fractures at the level of the channels of the Tarat formation (Tamou, Takriza, Southern Taza in careers) and Guézouman (mine sector of Akouta), and (ii) uranium mineralization is mainly associated with this migrated organic matter currently expressed in the form of solid bitumens. In those, uranium is related which are present at an infra-micrometric scale in the solid bitumens. The oils highlighted in fluid inclusions in the overgrowths of the detrital quartz grains in the sandstones of the Guézouman and Tarat formations confirm that channels of these two formations are the source of the oil migration. Thus, the dominating role of the organic matter of marine origin in the genesis of uranium-bearing mineralization of tectono-lithological type is highlighted in a joint way by the experimental approach of the interactions organic matter/uranium and by the characterization of this matter from the uraniferous layers in the Arlit area.NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

    MĂ©thodologie pour l’évaluation du risque de ruissellement pluvial: application sur une commune rurale du dĂ©partement du Gard (France)

    No full text
    International audienceThis article proposes a qualitative method for estimating runoff sensitivity in Mediterranean rural area. Accordingto our approach we generate sensitivity maps at the local level. The method is tested on a catchment area located in Southof France and strongly affected by short but intense rainy episodes. The qualitative approach firstly consists in identifyingthe factors which impacting the phenomenon, either directly or indirectly. These elements, or variables, are evaluated andquantified using ranking factors. This storm runoff risk assessment methodology can be refined through a sensitivity analysisof the ranking and weighting factors. In order to do this, it is necessary to test our approach on Mediterranean rural communeswith various geological and pedagogical contexts and human occupations. These resulting maps are crucial for thelocal elected representatives in terms of planning, development and risk management. After refinement, our method can bevery useful for the State services or even for consulting engineers working on rural communes affected by this type of risk.Cet article propose une mĂ©thode qualitative pour l’estimation de la sensibilitĂ© au ruissellement sur une communerurale en zone mĂ©diterranĂ©enne. L’objectif de ces travaux est de proposer une cartographie de susceptibilitĂ© auruissellement pluvial Ă  l’échelle communale. Cette mĂ©thodologie est appliquĂ©e sur un bassin versant situĂ© dans le Sud dela France, soumis Ă  des Ă©pisodes pluvieux courts mais intenses, pouvant gĂ©nĂ©rer un ruissellement important. L’approchequalitative se base dans un premier temps sur l’identification et le recensement des Ă©lĂ©ments du territoire qui influencentdirectement ou indirectement le phĂ©nomĂšne. Ces Ă©lĂ©ments, ou variables, sont ensuite Ă©valuĂ©s et quantifiĂ©s Ă  l’aidede facteurs de hiĂ©rarchisation. Cette mĂ©thodologie d’évaluation du risque de ruissellement pluvial doit ĂȘtre affinĂ©e autravers notamment d’une analyse de sensibilitĂ© des facteurs de hiĂ©rarchisation et de pondĂ©ration utilisĂ©s. Pour ce faire,il est nĂ©cessaire de dĂ©ployer cette mĂ©thodologie sur de nouvelles communes rurales de la façade mĂ©diterranĂ©enne dansdes contextes gĂ©ologiques, pĂ©dologiques et d’occupations humaines diffĂ©rents. Il est toutefois important de noter quecette cartographie est un Ă©lĂ©ment capital pour les Ă©lus de la collectivitĂ© locale en termes de planification d’amĂ©nagementdu territoire et d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision pour la gestion des risques sur la commune. Cette mĂ©thodologie est donc unepremiĂšre base pour la mise en place d’une mĂ©thodologie globale d’évaluation du risque pluvial qui pourra ĂȘtre dĂ©ployĂ©epar les services de l’Etat et/ou bureaux d’études sur de nombreuses communes rurales soumises Ă  ce type de risque

    MĂ©thodologie pour l’évaluation du risque de ruissellement pluvial: application sur une commune rurale du dĂ©partement du Gard (France)

    No full text
    International audienceThis article proposes a qualitative method for estimating runoff sensitivity in Mediterranean rural area. Accordingto our approach we generate sensitivity maps at the local level. The method is tested on a catchment area located in Southof France and strongly affected by short but intense rainy episodes. The qualitative approach firstly consists in identifyingthe factors which impacting the phenomenon, either directly or indirectly. These elements, or variables, are evaluated andquantified using ranking factors. This storm runoff risk assessment methodology can be refined through a sensitivity analysisof the ranking and weighting factors. In order to do this, it is necessary to test our approach on Mediterranean rural communeswith various geological and pedagogical contexts and human occupations. These resulting maps are crucial for thelocal elected representatives in terms of planning, development and risk management. After refinement, our method can bevery useful for the State services or even for consulting engineers working on rural communes affected by this type of risk.Cet article propose une mĂ©thode qualitative pour l’estimation de la sensibilitĂ© au ruissellement sur une communerurale en zone mĂ©diterranĂ©enne. L’objectif de ces travaux est de proposer une cartographie de susceptibilitĂ© auruissellement pluvial Ă  l’échelle communale. Cette mĂ©thodologie est appliquĂ©e sur un bassin versant situĂ© dans le Sud dela France, soumis Ă  des Ă©pisodes pluvieux courts mais intenses, pouvant gĂ©nĂ©rer un ruissellement important. L’approchequalitative se base dans un premier temps sur l’identification et le recensement des Ă©lĂ©ments du territoire qui influencentdirectement ou indirectement le phĂ©nomĂšne. Ces Ă©lĂ©ments, ou variables, sont ensuite Ă©valuĂ©s et quantifiĂ©s Ă  l’aidede facteurs de hiĂ©rarchisation. Cette mĂ©thodologie d’évaluation du risque de ruissellement pluvial doit ĂȘtre affinĂ©e autravers notamment d’une analyse de sensibilitĂ© des facteurs de hiĂ©rarchisation et de pondĂ©ration utilisĂ©s. Pour ce faire,il est nĂ©cessaire de dĂ©ployer cette mĂ©thodologie sur de nouvelles communes rurales de la façade mĂ©diterranĂ©enne dansdes contextes gĂ©ologiques, pĂ©dologiques et d’occupations humaines diffĂ©rents. Il est toutefois important de noter quecette cartographie est un Ă©lĂ©ment capital pour les Ă©lus de la collectivitĂ© locale en termes de planification d’amĂ©nagementdu territoire et d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision pour la gestion des risques sur la commune. Cette mĂ©thodologie est donc unepremiĂšre base pour la mise en place d’une mĂ©thodologie globale d’évaluation du risque pluvial qui pourra ĂȘtre dĂ©ployĂ©epar les services de l’Etat et/ou bureaux d’études sur de nombreuses communes rurales soumises Ă  ce type de risque

    The Use of VHSR Imagery for Wildland Fire Prevention: Application to Land-Clearing Management in the South of France

    No full text
    International audienceEvery year, the French Mediterranean area is subject to wildland fires. The prevention policy promotes the major role of forest layout, for which it is necessary to build appropriate facilities such as reducing ignition and fire propagation risks near the borders of roads and tracks, creating forest tracks to allow firefighters to move safely through the forest during a fire, creating fuel breaks in order to divide up forests and limit the propagation of fire. Land-clearing along a forest track consists in creating discontinuity between the herbaceous stratum and the tree stratum by eliminating the shrubby stratum and cutting tree crowns. It avoids fire propagation by convection, and enables firefighters to deal with the fire in safety. The main difficulty for forest officers is to identify an optimized method to select appropriate tracks to clear, because it is impossible to clear all the tracks each year. Remote sensing tools would seem to be particularly useful for obtaining the best strategic and economic overview of forest tracks at departmental scale. This theme “land-clearing evaluation method” was selected as a target application for the images derived from the new Pleiades sensors: products and services required by end users. The objective of this work is to assess the real potentiality of such Very High Spatial Resolution (VHSR) imagery for land-clearing management. The methodology used consists in image classification and spatial analysis in order to extract land-clearing quality, and also evaluation of land-clearing quality based on field questionnaires validated through interactions with firefighters and rangers. The development of this methodology and its application to QuickBird images-used as Pleiades data simulations-successfully showed that VHSR Imagery is useful for preventing fire risk. It seems to be a good perspective for providing operational mapping services to help land-clearing management

    The Use of VHSR Imagery for Wildland Fire Prevention: Application to Land-Clearing Management in the South of France

    No full text
    International audienceEvery year, the French Mediterranean area is subject to wildland fires. The prevention policy promotes the major role of forest layout, for which it is necessary to build appropriate facilities such as reducing ignition and fire propagation risks near the borders of roads and tracks, creating forest tracks to allow firefighters to move safely through the forest during a fire, creating fuel breaks in order to divide up forests and limit the propagation of fire. Land-clearing along a forest track consists in creating discontinuity between the herbaceous stratum and the tree stratum by eliminating the shrubby stratum and cutting tree crowns. It avoids fire propagation by convection, and enables firefighters to deal with the fire in safety. The main difficulty for forest officers is to identify an optimized method to select appropriate tracks to clear, because it is impossible to clear all the tracks each year. Remote sensing tools would seem to be particularly useful for obtaining the best strategic and economic overview of forest tracks at departmental scale. This theme “land-clearing evaluation method” was selected as a target application for the images derived from the new Pleiades sensors: products and services required by end users. The objective of this work is to assess the real potentiality of such Very High Spatial Resolution (VHSR) imagery for land-clearing management. The methodology used consists in image classification and spatial analysis in order to extract land-clearing quality, and also evaluation of land-clearing quality based on field questionnaires validated through interactions with firefighters and rangers. The development of this methodology and its application to QuickBird images-used as Pleiades data simulations-successfully showed that VHSR Imagery is useful for preventing fire risk. It seems to be a good perspective for providing operational mapping services to help land-clearing management
    corecore