Investigation of insulin nucleation kinetics under oscillatory flow mixing

Crystallization can represent a cost-effective and scalable alternative for protein separation and purification. However, it is still not widely implemented in biopharmaceutical industry due to limited understanding of the underlying phenomena. Herein, insulin crystallization was investigated in an oscillatory flow reactor in the presence and absence of acetone. The results show the impact of both supersaturation (i.e., insulin concentration) and acetone on nucleation kinetics and crystal size distribution (CSD). As supersaturation increases, the nucleation rate increases and mean crystal size decreases. In its turn, acetone allows faster nucleation, a narrower CSD and larger mean crystal size. The kinetic parameter A derived from the classical nucleation theory (CNT) also indicate the acceleration of the kinetics of molecular attachment in the presence of acetone. These findings contribute to the better understanding of insulin crystallization mechanism under oscillatory flow mixing.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Morphogenesis and Defoliation Frequency of Italian Ryegrass (\u3ci\u3eLolium multiflorum\u3c/i\u3e) and \u3ci\u3ePaspalum urvillei\u3c/i\u3e in Lowland under Three Levels of P and K

This trial was conducted to evaluate growth dynamics and defoliation frequency of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Paspalum urvillei in a lowland area under three levels of P and K. Using randomization tests we observed that, in a general way, fertilizer treatments were not the determinant factors of leaf appearance and elongation rates for both species. Only the leaf appearance rate of Paspalum urvillei at 100 % of recommendation level and the elongation rate for Italian ryegrass, in the same treatment, was different. Probably other factors, like drainage, are contributing to these results. I. ryegrass phyllochron ranged from 57.3 to 72.6 degree-days. Paspalum urvillei presented higher grazing frequency in almost all evaluated periods, revealing a high preference by the grazing animals

GLUT1 expression in malignant tumors and its use as an immunodiagnostic marker

OBJECTIVE: To analyze glucose transporter 1 expression patterns in malignant tumors of various cell types and evaluate their diagnostic value by immunohistochemistry. INTRODUCTION: Glucose is the major source of energy for cells, and glucose transporter 1 is the most common glucose transporter in humans. Glucose transporter 1 is aberrantly expressed in several tumor types. Studies have implicated glucose transporter 1 expression as a prognostic and diagnostic marker in tumors, primarily in conjunction with positron emission tomography scan data. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for glucose transporter 1 was performed in tissue microarray slides, comprising 1955 samples of malignant neoplasm from different cell types. RESULTS: Sarcomas, lymphomas, melanomas and hepatoblastomas did not express glucose transporter 1. Fortyseven per cent of prostate adenocarcinomas were positive, as were 29% of thyroid, 10% of gastric and 5% of breast adenocarcinomas. Thirty-six per cent of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were positive, as were 42% of uterine cervix squamous cell carcinomas. Glioblastomas and retinoblastomas showed membranous glucose transporter 1 staining in 18.6% and 9.4% of all cases, respectively. Squamous cell carcinomas displayed membranous expression, whereas adenocarcinomas showed cytoplasmic glucose transporter 1 expression. CONCLUSION: Glucose transporter 1 showed variable expression in various tumor types. Its absence in sarcomas, melanomas, hepatoblastomas and lymphomas suggests that other glucose transporters mediate the glycolytic pathway in these tumors. The data suggest that glucose transporter 1 is a valuable immunohistochemical marker that can be used to identify patients for evaluation by positron emission tomography scan. The function of cytoplasmic glucose transporter 1 in adenocarcinomas must be further examined

IFNAR1-Signalling Obstructs ICOS-mediated Humoral Immunity during Non-lethal Blood-Stage Plasmodium Infection

Funding: This work was funded by a Career Development Fellowship (1028634) and a project grant (GRNT1028641) awarded to AHa by the Australian National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC). IS was supported by The University of Queensland Centennial and IPRS Scholarships. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Assessing the sensitivity of data-limited methods for resources in the Atlantic waters

ICES Annual Science Conference 2021, online 6-10 SeptemberLength-based methods have been widely applied to estimate biological parameters and to under-stand the dynamics of marine resource populations within the category of data-limited stocksThe authors thank the financial support of the project IMPRESS (RTI2018-099868-B-I00) project, ERDF, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities - State Research Agency, and also of GAIN (Xunta de Galicia), GRC MERVEX (nº IN607-A 2018-4)N

Applying length-based assessment methods to fisheries resources of the Bay of Biscay and Atlantic Iberian Waters: stock status and parameters sensitivity

ASLO 2021 Aquatic Sciences Virtual Meeting, 22–27 June 2021Length-based methods have been widely applied to estimate biological parameters and to understand the dynamics of marine resource populations within the category of data-limited stocksProject IMPRESS (RTI2018-099868-B-I00), ERDF, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities - State Research Agency, and also of GAIN (Xunta de Galicia), GRC MERVEX (nº IN607-A 2018-4)N

CIANOBACTÉRIAS E CIANOTOXINAS EM RESERVATÓRIOS DOESTADO DORIOGRANDEDONORTEE O POTENCIAL CONTROLE DAS FLORAÇÕES PELA TILÁPIA DO NILO (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS)

Cyanobacteria blooms in reservoirs result in loss of water quality and negative effects to human health. To reduce these impacts the monitoring of the cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin occurrence as well as the application of measures to counteract the cyanobacteria blooms are made necessary. The manipulation of filter-feeding omnivorous fish stock, as Nile tilapia, has been proposed as an strategy for cyanobacteria bloom control. The present work aimed to evaluate: I) the presence of cyanobacteria (composition, density and biovolume by sedimentation technique) and cianotoxins (mouse bioassay) in five reservoirs located at the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, in five sampling campaigns between September 2002 and March 2004; II) the per capita consumption rates of filamentous cyanobacteria by Nile tilapia through laboratory experiments using a natural population of cyanobacteria (experiment I) and a culture of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (experiment II), after the juveniles tilapias being exposed to a gradient of cyanobacteria biomass. The phytoplankton of the investigated reservoirs were dominated by cyanobacteria, including various toxigenic species (C. raciborskii, Microcystis spp., Aphanizomenon e Anabaena circinalis). Cianotoxins were present in three out of five reservoirs. The consumption rate of cyanobacteria (?g chlorophyll-a.fish-1.day-1) by the tilapia was 0,29 in the experiment I and 0,5 in the experiment II. The human populations that use the studied reservoirs as drinking water supply are being potentially exposed to the negative effects of the cyanobacteria. The present research suggests that the stock of Nile tilapia to control cyanobacteria blooms is viable. Nevertheless, factors such as the ichthyo-eutrophication and the accumulation of cyanotoxins in the fish biomass should be taken into account before implementing a biomanipulation program.Florações de cianobactérias em reservatórios resultam na perda da qualidade da água e em efeitos negativos para a saúde humana. Faz-se, portanto, necessário o monitoramento da ocorrência de cianobactérias e cianotoxinas, bem como a aplicação de medidas de controle das florações. Uma estratégia viável para esse controle é a manipulação dos estoques de peixes onívoros filtradores, como a tilápia do Nilo. Neste trabalho foram avaliados: i) a presença de cianobactérias (composição, densidade e biovolume, pelo método da sedimentação) e cianotoxinas (bioensaios com camundongos) em cinco reservatórios do semi-árido do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, em cinco campanhas de coletas, entre setembro de 2002 e março de 2004; e ii) as taxas de consumo per capita de cianobactérias filamentosas pela tilápia, através de dois experimentos em laboratório, utilizando populações naturais de cianobactérias (experimento I) e uma cultura de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (experimento II), após a exposição de indivíduos jovens de tilápia a um gradiente de biomassa de cianobactérias. O fitoplâncton nos reservatórios estudados apresentou dominância de cianobactérias, incluindo várias espécies toxigênicas (C. raciborskii, Microcystis spp., Aphanizomenon e Anabaena circinalis). Cianotoxinas foram evidenciadas em três dos cinco reservatórios. O consumo de cianobactérias (?g clorofila-a.peixe-1.dia-1) foi de 0,29 no experimento Ie de 0,5 no experimento II. Populações abastecidas pelos reservatórios investigados estão potencialmente expostas aos efeitos negativos das cianotoxinas. Esta pesquisa sugere que é viável a estocagem da tilápia do Nilo no controle de florações de cianobactérias. Entretanto, fatores como a ictioeutrofização e o acúmulo de cianotoxinas na biomassa dos peixes devem ser levados em consideração antes que um programa de biomanipulação possa ser implementado

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal