Naiset Ylen Teksti-TV:n käyttäjinä

Tämä opinnäytetyö käsittelee Ylen Teksti-TV:n naiskäyttäjiä. Tutkielman päätarkoituksena on selvittää, kuinka usein naiset käyttävät Ylen tekstitelevisiota, mitä tietoa he sieltä hakevat ja mitä tietoja he kaipaisivat sinne lisää. Tarkoituksena on myös selvittää, voisiko julkisen palvelun Yleisradio palvella naispuolista väestöä entistä paremmin ja monipuolisemmin tekstitelevision avulla. Vastaukset tutkimuskysymyksiin saadaan käyttäjäkyselyn avulla, joka toteutettiin Webropol 2.0. -ohjelmalla kahden viikon aikana helmi−maaliskuun vaihteessa vuonna 2012. Tutkimuskysely on samalla tilaustyö Ylelle. Opinnäytetyössä käsitellään yleisesti, millainen rooli tekstitelevisiolla on ollut vuosien varrella Suomessa, millainen rooli sillä tänä päivänä on ja miltä teksti-tv:n tulevaisuus näyttää. Tutkielmassa paneudutaan nimenomaan Ylen Teksti-TV:hen ja sen 30-vuotiseen historiaan. Työssä luodaan myös katsaus maamme muihin tekstitelevisioihin ja ulkomaiden tilanteeseen. Teksti-tv-osuuden jälkeen tutkielmassa käsitellään naisia median käyttäjinä. Opinnäytetyössä katsastetaan naisten roolia ja asemaa median käyttäjinä sekä kuluttajina. Tutkielmassa tehdään selkoa myös Yleisradion toimintatavoitteista julkisen palvelun yhtiönä. Tutkielmaa varten on käyty läpi kirjallisuutta ja aikakausilehtiä sekä muutamia opinnäytetöitä. Näiden lisäksi opinnäytetyötä varten on haastateltu asiantuntijoita, jotka ovat olleet tekemisissä teksti-tv:n kanssa. Käyttäjäkyselystä käy ilmi, että teksti-tv on internetin aikakaudellakin edelleen tärkeä osa ihmisten elämää. Kyselystä käy ilmi, että keskimääräinen Ylen Teksti-TV:tä käyttävä nainen asuu Uudellamaalla ja on iältään 35–49-vuotias. Ylen Teksti-TV:tä käytetään ensisijaisesti uutisten sekä urheilutulosten katsomiseen. Tämän tutkimuskyselyn perusteella näiden tietojen saamista teksti-tv:stä pidetään helppona. Valtaosa kyselyyn vastaajista on myös varsin tyytyväisiä Ylen Teksti-TV:n tämänhetkiseen tilaan. Vastaajat antoivat palvelulle arvosanaksi 4,04 viiden ollessa paras.This bachelor’s thesis converses on women as users in Finland's national public broadcasting company Yle´s text-tv channel. The object of the thesis work is to clarify how often women use Yle’s text-tv channel, what text-tv information is searched for and what information is additionally desired by women. Our main objective is to study whether the public broadcasting company Yleisradio is capable of meeting the needs of feminine population in greater lengths and more diversely through its text-tv service. The answers to our problem setting were summoned by a user inquiry which was executed with a software, Webropol 2.0. The user inquiry is simultaneously a customization for Yle. The thesis in general presents what kind of role text-tv has played in Finland during the years, what its role is today and what the future has in store for text-tv in Finland. The thesis concentrates especially on Yle’s text-tv channel and its three-decade history. The customization carries out an overview about the other Finnish text-tv services and text-tv services popularity abroad. After the basic text-tv part the thesis focuses on women as media users. Notably the thesis also reveals the role and status of women in media field. The thesis explores and explains Yleisradio’s aspirations as a national public-broadcasting company. The material for the thesis consists of printed works, numerous magazines since the early days of text-tv in Finland and some other published thesis's on text-tv. Furthermore some text-tv experts have been interviewed for this thesis. The user inquiry results show that text-tv is despite the Internet era an integral part of people’s lives. The inquiry reveals also that an average woman using Yle’s text-tv lives in Uusimaa region and is 35–49 years old. Firstly Yle's text-tv channel is used for checking news headlines and sports results. According to the inquiry the easy usability is the main reason why Yle text-tv channel is still in use in the 2010s. The majority of answerers are quite satisfied with the state of Yle’s text-tv services today. The users graded the service with a 4,04 rating, five being the maximum

A policy for diversity, equity, inclusion and anti-racism in the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI)

Non peer reviewe

A policy for diversity, equity, inclusion and anti-racism in the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI)

Non peer reviewe

Evidence for a Novel Marine Harmful Algal Bloom: Cyanotoxin (Microcystin) Transfer from Land to Sea Otters

“Super-blooms” of cyanobacteria that produce potent and environmentally persistent biotoxins (microcystins) are an emerging global health issue in freshwater habitats. Monitoring of the marine environment for secondary impacts has been minimal, although microcystin-contaminated freshwater is known to be entering marine ecosystems. Here we confirm deaths of marine mammals from microcystin intoxication and provide evidence implicating land-sea flow with trophic transfer through marine invertebrates as the most likely route of exposure. This hypothesis was evaluated through environmental detection of potential freshwater and marine microcystin sources, sea otter necropsy with biochemical analysis of tissues and evaluation of bioaccumulation of freshwater microcystins by marine invertebrates. Ocean discharge of freshwater microcystins was confirmed for three nutrient-impaired rivers flowing into the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and microcystin concentrations up to 2,900 ppm (2.9 million ppb) were detected in a freshwater lake and downstream tributaries to within 1 km of the ocean. Deaths of 21 southern sea otters, a federally listed threatened species, were linked to microcystin intoxication. Finally, farmed and free-living marine clams, mussels and oysters of species that are often consumed by sea otters and humans exhibited significant biomagnification (to 107 times ambient water levels) and slow depuration of freshwater cyanotoxins, suggesting a potentially serious environmental and public health threat that extends from the lowest trophic levels of nutrient-impaired freshwater habitat to apex marine predators. Microcystin-poisoned sea otters were commonly recovered near river mouths and harbors and contaminated marine bivalves were implicated as the most likely source of this potent hepatotoxin for wild otters. This is the first report of deaths of marine mammals due to cyanotoxins and confirms the existence of a novel class of marine “harmful algal bloom” in the Pacific coastal environment; that of hepatotoxic shellfish poisoning (HSP), suggesting that animals and humans are at risk from microcystin poisoning when consuming shellfish harvested at the land-sea interface

The dopamine β-hydroxylase -1021C/T polymorphism is associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease in the Epistasis Project

Contains fulltext : 88930.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: The loss of noradrenergic neurones of the locus coeruleus is a major feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) catalyses the conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline. Interactions have been reported between the low-activity -1021T allele (rs1611115) of DBH and polymorphisms of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, IL1A and IL6, contributing to the risk of AD. We therefore examined the associations with AD of the DBH -1021T allele and of the above interactions in the Epistasis Project, with 1757 cases of AD and 6294 elderly controls. METHODS: We genotyped eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the three genes, DBH, IL1A and IL6. We used logistic regression models and synergy factor analysis to examine potential interactions and associations with AD. RESULTS: We found that the presence of the -1021T allele was associated with AD: odds ratio = 1.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.4, p = 0.005). This association was nearly restricted to men < 75 years old: odds ratio = 2.2 (1.4-3.3, 0.0004). We also found an interaction between the presence of DBH -1021T and the -889TT genotype (rs1800587) of IL1A: synergy factor = 1.9 (1.2-3.1, 0.005). All these results were consistent between North Europe and North Spain. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive, previous evidence (reviewed here) indicates an important role for noradrenaline in the control of inflammation in the brain. Thus, the -1021T allele with presumed low activity may be associated with misregulation of inflammation, which could contribute to the onset of AD. We suggest that such misregulation is the predominant mechanism of the association we report here

Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2010: I. Acute renal failure, outcome, risk assessment and ICU performance, sepsis, neuro intensive care and experimentals

SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Early structural and functional defects in synapses and myelinated axons in stratum lacunosum moleculare in two preclinical models for tauopaty

The stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM) is the connection hub between entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, two brain regions that are most vulnerable in Alzheimer’s disease. We recently identified a specific synaptic deficit of Nectin-3 in transgenic models for tauopathy. Here we defined cognitive impairment and electrophysiological problems in the SLM of Tau.P301L mice, which corroborated the structural defects in synapses and dendritic spines. Reduced diffusion of DiI from the ERC to the hippocampus indicated defective myelinated axonal pathways. Ultrastructurally, myelinated axons in the temporoammonic pathway (TA) that connects ERC to CA1 were damaged in Tau.P301L mice at young age. Unexpectedly, the myelin defects were even more severe in bigenic biGT mice that co-express GSK3β with Tau.P301L in neurons. Combined, our data demonstrate that neuronal expression of protein Tau profoundly affected the functional and structural organization of the entorhinal-hippocampal complex, in particular synapses and myelinated axons in the SLM. White matter pathology deserves further attention in patients suffering from tauopathy and Alzheimer’s disease

Non-COVID-19 intensive care admissions during the pandemic: a multinational registry-based study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a large number of critical care admissions. While national reports have described the outcomes of patients with COVID-19, There is limited international data of the pandemic impact on non-COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care treatment. Methods: We conducted an international, retrospective cohort study using 2019 and 2020 data from 11 national clinical quality registries covering 15 countries. Non-COVID-19 admissions in 2020 were compared with all admissions in 2019, prepandemic. The primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and standardised mortality ratio (SMR). Analyses were stratified by the country income level(s) of each registry. Findings: Among 1 642 632 non-COVID-19 admissions, There was an increase in ICU mortality between 2019 (9.3%) and 2020 (10.4%), OR=1.15 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.17, p<0.001). Increased mortality was observed in middle-income countries (OR 1.25 95% CI 1.23 to 1.26), while mortality decreased in high-income countries (OR=0.96 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98). Hospital mortality and SMR trends for each registry were consistent with the observed ICU mortality findings. The burden of COVID-19 was highly variable, with COVID-19 ICU patient-days per bed ranging from 0.4 to 81.6 between registries. This alone did not explain the observed non-COVID-19 mortality changes. Interpretation: Increased ICU mortality occurred among non-COVID- 19 patients during the pandemic, driven by increased mortality in middle-income countries, while mortality decreased in high-income countries. The causes for this inequity are likely multi-factorial, but healthcare spending, policy pandemic responses, and ICU strain may play significant roles

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]