Medios de transporte, carga y seguro

Documento PDF, 55 páginasGuía de estudio para el curso Medios de transporte, carga y seguro, código 4028, que imparte la Escuela de Ciencias de la Administración de la UNED.Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Ric

Estrategias de marketing internacional

Documento PDF, 51 páginasGuía de estudio para el curso Estrategias de marketing internacional, código 4030, que imparte la Escuela de Ciencias de la Administración de la UNED.Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Ric

Proyecto ambiental escolar (PRAE) como estrategia para establecer comportamientos ambientales en la Iistitución Educativa Santa Fe, Montería – Córdoba

Los cambios en las dinámicas ambientales actuales han hecho que desde la escuela se avance en el planteamiento y ejecución de estrategias para frenar el deterioro ambiental. Así, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue la articulación del Proyecto Ambiental Escolar (PRAE), de manera que permita incorporar compromisos que desarrollen nuevos comportamientos ambientales en los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Santa Fe, ubicada en la zona rural del municipio de Montería-Córdoba. Para ello, se empleó una metodología con enfoque cualitativo-descriptivo, bajo el diseño de la Investigación Acción (IA), ejecutándose tres fases, en las que se vinculó a directivos, docentes y estudiantes, valorando las percepciones sobre las problemáticas relacionadas con la educación ambiental y las potencialidades socio-comportamentales del contexto, con lo que se restructuraron las distintas fases del PRAE usando como referencia la Guía metodológica para la formulación del diseño de PRAE. En el desarrollo se identificó el poco el interés de la institución educativa de mantener actualizado y en proceso de mejora continua al Proyecto Ambiental Escolar, al igual que la baja articulación y transversalidad de la educación ambiental desde las áreas del saber. Se concluyó que es importante la implementación, evaluación y seguimiento del PRAE para la dinamización de los procesos pedagógicos que profundicen en el análisis de las problemáticas ambientales propias del contexto y las potencialidades del mismo como estrategia para la apropiación de la educación ambiental.The changes in the current environmental dynamics have made progress from the school in the planning and execution of strategies to stop environmental deterioration. Thus, the objective of this research was the articulation of the School Environmental Project (PRAE), so that it allows incorporating commitments that develop new environmental behaviors in the students of the Santa Fe Educational Institution, located in the rural area of the municipality of Montería- Cordova. For this, a methodology with a qualitative-descriptive approach was used, under the Action Research (IA) design, running three phases, in which managers, teachers and students were linked, assessing the perceptions of the problems related to education. environment and the socio-behavioral potential of the context, with which the different phases of the PRAE were restructured using the Methodological Guide for the formulation of the PRAE design as a reference. In the development, the little interest of the educational institution to keep the School Environmental Project updated and in the process of continuous improvement was identified, as well as the low articulation and transversality of environmental education from the areas of knowledge. It was concluded that the implementation, evaluation and follow-up of the PRAE is important for the dynamization of the pedagogical processes that deepen the analysis of the environmental problems of the context and its potentialities as a strategy for the appropriation of environmental education

Implementación de un sistema de inteligencia de negocios. Escuela de Ciencias de la Administración UNED

Business intelligence is a relevant concept in the business field. Thanks to the current technology achievements, there are a new broader set of options that allows to establish direct contact with internal and external clients of the organization and provide key information that helps the decision making and strategic planning processes. Universities are no exception to these global changes, and it has turn increasingly necessary to implement Business intelligence tools to optimize all the resources available, to measure and accomplish the organization KPI´s. This article presents an experience on the implementation of a Business Intelligence system in the UNED´s Costa Rica Business School. The experience began in 2020 as a project, with the goal of detecting the needs that this type of system must address. The results came through a mixed methodology and the use of different applied online instruments on the sectors involved (professional sector, students, and specialist in the field). Among the main findings stands the relevance of the implementation of this technological alternative, as well as the fact of having a platform for its proper management. It is also important that the organization is prepared at a technical and cultural level to be able to implement the BI solution.La inteligencia de negocios resulta un término de actualidad en el ámbito empresarial, pero gracias al avance de las tecnologías genera una serie de opciones para establecer contacto directo con los futuros clientes internos y externos a la organización, en la educación superior no es una excepción, dado que se es cada vez más necesaria la optimización de todos los recursos disponibles por la entidad, el hecho de contar con indicadores y que estos sean de fácil análisis por medio de programas y hardware facilita la toma de decisiones. Este artículo presenta una experiencia sobre la implementación de un sistema de inteligencia de negocios en la Escuela de Ciencias de la Administración de la UNED de Costa Rica, la experiencia da inicio en el 2020 como un proyecto, el cual ha sido generado por diferentes actores para detectar las necesidades que este tipo de sistema debe abordar, por medio de una metodología mixta y el uso de diferentes instrumentos en línea aplicados a los actores de interés del proyecto (profesionales, estudiantes y especialistas). Entre los principales hallazgos encontrados está la pertinencia en la implementación de esta alternativa tecnológica, así como el hecho de contar con una plataforma para su adecuada gestión. Adicionalmente, es importante que la organización se encuentre preparada a nivel técnico y desde la perspectiva de cultura organizacional para poder implementar la solución

Vulnerability to fuel price increases in the UK: A household level analysis

In highly motorised countries, some sectors of the population own and use cars despite struggling to afford their running costs, and so may be particularly vulnerable to motor fuel prices increases, whether market-led or policy-driven. This paper proposes a novel, disaggregated approach to investigating vulnerability to such increases at the household level. We propose a set of indicators of ‘car-related economic stress’ (CRES), based on individual household level expenditure data for the UK, to identify which low-income households spend disproportionately on running motor vehicles, and to assess the depth of their economic stress. By subsequently linking the dataset to local fuel price data, we are able to model the disaggregated price elasticities of car fuel demand. This provides us with an indicator of each households’ adaptive capacity to fuel price increases. The findings show that ‘Low-Income, High Cost’ households (LIHC) account for 9% of UK households and have distinct socio-demographic characteristics. Interestingly, they are characterised by very low responses to fuel price increases, which may cause them to compromise on other important areas of their household expenditures. Simulations suggest that a 20% increase in fuel prices would substantially increase the depth, but not the incidence of CRES. Overall, the study sheds light on a sector of the population with high levels of vulnerability to fuel price increases, owing to high exposure, high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity. This raises challenges for social, environmental and resilience policy in the transport sector

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 11

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 11, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso